{"id":41229,"date":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete"},"modified":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","slug":"opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","title":{"rendered":"Je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u0165 otvoren\u00fd RDP na internete?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Niekedy som \u010d\u00edtal n\u00e1zory, \u017ee otvorenie portu RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) na internete je ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a nemalo by sa to robi\u0165. Na pr\u00edstup k RDP je lep\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 VPN alebo ho povoli\u0165 len z ur\u010dit\u00fdch \"bielych\" IP adries.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Administrujem nieko\u013eko Windows Serverov pre mal\u00e9 firmy, kde som bol po\u017eiadan\u00fd o zabezpe\u010denie vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k Windows Serveru pre \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edkov. Tak\u00fdto modern\u00fd trend \u2014 pr\u00e1ca z domu. R\u00fdchlo som zistil, \u017ee tr\u00e1pi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edkov VPN je v\u010fa\u010dn\u00e9 zamestnanie, a \u017ee dostato\u010dne zhroma\u017edi\u0165 v\u0161etky IP pre bielu listinu nie je mo\u017en\u00e9, preto\u017ee IP adresy \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa dynamick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Preto som sa rozhodol pre najjednoduch\u0161iu cestu \u2014 presmeroval som port RDP von. Teraz na to, aby sa \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edci dostali, potrebuj\u00fa spusti\u0165 RDP a zada\u0165 n\u00e1zov hostite\u013ea (vr\u00e1tane portu), meno pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea a heslo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa podel\u00edm o svoje sk\u00fasenosti (pozit\u00edvne aj menej pozit\u00edvne) a odpor\u00fa\u010dania.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Rizik\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm riskujete otvoren\u00edm portu RDP?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>1) Neautorizovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup k citliv\u00fdm \u00fadajom<\/b><br \/>\nAk niekto z\u00edska heslo k RDP, m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 chcete udr\u017eiava\u0165 s\u00fakromn\u00e9: stav \u00fa\u010dtov, zostatky, \u00fadaje o klientoch, ...<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>2) Strata \u00fadajov<\/b><br \/>\nNapr\u00edklad v d\u00f4sledku \u010dinnosti \u0161ifrovacieho v\u00edrusu.<br \/>\nAlebo cielenej \u010dinnosti \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>3) Strata pracovnej stanice<\/b><br \/>\nZamestnanci potrebuj\u00fa pracova\u0165, a syst\u00e9m je skompromitovan\u00fd, treba ho prein\u0161talova\u0165 \/ obnovi\u0165 \/ nakonfigurova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>4) Kompromit\u00e1cia miestnej siete<\/b><br \/>\nAk \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edskal pr\u00edstup k Windows po\u010d\u00edta\u010du, m\u00f4\u017ee z tohto po\u010d\u00edta\u010da z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 zvonka, z internetu. Napr\u00edklad k zdie\u013ean\u00fdm s\u00faborom, k sie\u0165ov\u00fdm tla\u010diar\u0148am at\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Mal som pr\u00edpad, ke\u010f Windows Server chytal \u0161ifrovate\u013ea<\/b><\/p>\n<p>a tento \u0161ifrovate\u013e najprv za\u0161ifroval v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu s\u00faborov na disku C:, a potom za\u010dal \u0161ifrova\u0165 s\u00fabory na NAS v sieti. Ke\u010f\u017ee NAS bola Synology s nastaven\u00fdmi snapshotmi, potom som sa NAS obnovil za 5 min\u00fat, zatia\u013e \u010do Windows Server som prein\u0161taloval od nuly.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Pozorovania a odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Monitorujem Windows Servery pomocou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/winlogbeat\">Winlogbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9 posielaj\u00fa logy do ElasticSearch. V Kibane je nieko\u013eko vizualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed a ja som si navy\u0161e nastavil vlastn\u00fd dashboard.<br \/>\nS\u00e1m monitoring neochr\u00e1ni, ale pom\u00e1ha ur\u010di\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 opatrenia.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 pozorovania:<br \/>\n<b>a) RDP bud\u00fa bruteforci\u0165.<\/b><br \/>\nNa jednom zo serverov som RDP nastavil nie na \u0161tandardn\u00fd port 3389, ale na 443 \u2014 akoby som sa zamaskoval pod HTTPS. Zmenit \u0161tandardn\u00fd port sa mo\u017eno oplat\u00ed, ale z toho nie je ve\u013ek\u00fd \u00fa\u017eitok. Tu s\u00fa \u0161tatistiky z tohto servera:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u0165 otvoren\u00fd RDP na internete?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6f7fccd9378d323b67a6186bde54fc2c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Je vidie\u0165, \u017ee za t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 bolo takmer 400 000 ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch pokusov o pr\u00edstup cez RDP.<br \/>\nJe vidie\u0165, \u017ee pokusy o pr\u00edstup boli z 55 001 IP adries (niektor\u00e9 IP adresy som u\u017e zablokoval).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tu sa priamo n\u00faka z\u00e1ver, \u017ee treba nain\u0161talova\u0165 fail2ban, ale <\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">pre Windows tak\u00e1to utilita neexistuje.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Existuje p\u00e1r opusten\u00fdch projektov na Githube, ktor\u00e9 to \u00fadajne robia, ale ani som sa ich nepok\u00fa\u0161al nain\u0161talova\u0165:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban\">https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block\">https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u00fa aj platen\u00e9 utility, ale tie som nezva\u017eoval.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ak pozn\u00e1te otvoren\u00fa utilitu na tento \u00fa\u010del \u2014 pode\u013ete sa v koment\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aktualiz\u00e1cia<\/strong>: V koment\u00e1roch nazna\u010dili, \u017ee port 443 \u2014 nie je najlep\u0161ia vo\u013eba, a lep\u0161ie je zvoli\u0165 vysok\u00e9 porty (32000+), preto\u017ee 443 sa skenuje \u010dastej\u0161ie a identifikova\u0165 RDP na tomto porte \u2014 nie je probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aktualiz\u00e1cia:<\/strong> V koment\u00e1roch nazna\u010dili, \u017ee tak\u00e1 utilita existuje:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban\">https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>b) Existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 men\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci preferuj\u00fa<\/b><br \/>\nJe vidie\u0165, \u017ee preberanie prebieha pod\u013ea slovn\u00edka s r\u00f4znymi menami.<br \/>\nAle \u010do som si v\u0161imol: zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det pokusov \u2014 to je pou\u017e\u00edvanie mena servera ako prihlasovacieho mena. Odpor\u00fa\u010danie: nepou\u017e\u00edvajte rovnak\u00e9 meno pre po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Okrem toho, niekedy sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa meno servera nejako rozpozna\u0165: napr\u00edklad pre syst\u00e9m so menom DESKTOP-DFTHD7C najviac pokusov o pr\u00edstup sa uskuto\u010dnilo s menom DFTHD7C:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u0165 otvoren\u00fd RDP na internete?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/cd13cf169b3b9ed57db9e5706c735c06.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea toho, ak m\u00e1te po\u010d\u00edta\u010d DESKTOP-MARIA, pravdepodobne bud\u00fa prebieha\u0165 pokusy o pr\u00edstup pod pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom MARIA.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tie\u017e som si v\u0161imol z logov: na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine syst\u00e9mov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pokusov o prihl\u00e1senie je pod menom \"administrator\". A nie je to n\u00e1hoda, preto\u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch Windows tento pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e existuje. Navy\u0161e ho nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. To zjednodu\u0161uje \u00falohu pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov: namiesto uh\u00e1dnutia mena a hesla sta\u010d\u00ed len uh\u00e1dnu\u0165 heslo.<br \/>\nMimochodom, syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd u m\u0148a zachytil ransomv\u00e9r, mal pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea Administrator a heslo Murmansk#9. E\u0161te nie som si ist\u00fd, ako ho ten syst\u00e9m hackli, preto\u017ee som za\u010dal monitorova\u0165 pr\u00e1ve po tom pr\u00edpade, ale mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee preberanie \u2014 je pravdepodobn\u00e9.<br \/>\nAk teda pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea Administrator nemo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165, \u010do robi\u0165? M\u00f4\u017ee sa premenova\u0165!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dania z tohto bodu: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nepou\u017e\u00edvajte meno pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea v n\u00e1zve po\u010d\u00edta\u010da<\/li>\n<li>ujistite sa, \u017ee v syst\u00e9me nie s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eia Administrator<\/li>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvajte siln\u00e9 hesl\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Takto sledujem, ako nieko\u013eko serverov Windows pod moj\u00edm doh\u013eadom je u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov brut\u00e1lne sk\u00fa\u0161an\u00fdch bez \u00faspechu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odkia\u013e viem, \u017ee bez \u00faspechu?<br \/>\nPreto\u017ee na obr\u00e1zkoch vy\u0161\u0161ie je vidie\u0165, \u017ee existuj\u00fa z\u00e1znamy o \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch prihl\u00e1seniach cez RDP, kde s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z ak\u00e9ho IP<\/li>\n<li>z ak\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da (hostname)<\/li>\n<li>meno pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea<\/li>\n<li>GeoIP inform\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A pravidelne sa na to pozer\u00e1m \u2014 anom\u00e1lie neboli zisten\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mimochodom, ak sa brut\u00e1lne pok\u00fa\u0161a o prihl\u00e1senie z nejak\u00e9ho IP, jednotliv\u00e9 IP (alebo podsiete) je mo\u017en\u00e9 zablokova\u0165 pomocou PowerShellu takto:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">New-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -DisplayName \"fail2ban\" -Name \"fail2ban\" -RemoteAddress (\"185.143.0.0\/16\", \"185.153.0.0\/16\", \"193.188.0.0\/16\") -Action Block<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mimochodom, Elastic m\u00e1 okrem Winlogbeat aj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/auditbeat\">Auditbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee sledova\u0165 s\u00fabory a procesy na syst\u00e9me. Existuje aj SIEM (Security Information &amp; Event Management) aplik\u00e1cia v Kibana. Sk\u00fa\u0161al som oboje, ale nevidel som v tom ve\u013ek\u00fd pr\u00ednos - zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Auditbeat bude u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed pre syst\u00e9my Linux, zatia\u013e \u010do SIEM mi ni\u010d zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 neuk\u00e1zal.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A na z\u00e1ver odpor\u00fa\u010dania:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vykon\u00e1vajte pravideln\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy.<\/li>\n<li>v\u010das in\u0161talujte bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 aktualiz\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Bonus: zoznam 50 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pok\u00fa\u0161ali o prihl\u00e1senie cez RDP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\"user.name: Zostupne\"<br \/>\nPo\u010det<\/p>\n<p>dfthd7c (hostname)<br \/>\n842941<\/p>\n<p>winsrv1 (hostname)<br \/>\n266525<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATOR<br \/>\n180678<\/p>\n<p>administrator<br \/>\n163842<\/p>\n<p>Administrator<br \/>\n53541<\/p>\n<p>michael<br \/>\n23101<\/p>\n<p>server<br \/>\n21983<\/p>\n<p>steve<br \/>\n21936<\/p>\n<p>john<br \/>\n21927<\/p>\n<p>paul<br \/>\n21913<\/p>\n<p>reception<br \/>\n21909<\/p>\n<p>mike<br \/>\n21899<\/p>\n<p>office<br \/>\n21888<\/p>\n<p>scanner<br \/>\n21887<\/p>\n<p>scan<br \/>\n21867<\/p>\n<p>david<br \/>\n21865<\/p>\n<p>chris<br \/>\n21860<\/p>\n<p>owner<br \/>\n21855<\/p>\n<p>manager<br \/>\n21852<\/p>\n<p>administrateur<br \/>\n21841<\/p>\n<p>brian<br \/>\n21839<\/p>\n<p>administrador<br \/>\n21837<\/p>\n<p>mark<br \/>\n21824<\/p>\n<p>staff<br \/>\n21806<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN<br \/>\n12748<\/p>\n<p>ROOT<br \/>\n7772<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRADOR<br \/>\n7325<\/p>\n<p>SUPPORT<br \/>\n5577<\/p>\n<p>SOPORTE<br \/>\n5418<\/p>\n<p>USER<br \/>\n4558<\/p>\n<p>admin<br \/>\n2832<\/p>\n<p>TEST<br \/>\n1928<\/p>\n<p>MySql<br \/>\n1664<\/p>\n<p>Admin<br \/>\n1652<\/p>\n<p>GUEST<br \/>\n1322<\/p>\n<p>USER1<br \/>\n1179<\/p>\n<p>SCANNER<br \/>\n1121<\/p>\n<p>SCAN<br \/>\n1032<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATEUR<br \/>\n842<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN1<br \/>\n525<\/p>\n<p>BACKUP<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>MySqlAdmin<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>RECEPTION<br \/>\n490<\/p>\n<p>USER2<br \/>\n466<\/p>\n<p>TEMP<br \/>\n452<\/p>\n<p>SQLADMIN<br \/>\n450<\/p>\n<p>USER3<br \/>\n441<\/p>\n<p>1<br \/>\n422<\/p>\n<p>MANAGER<br \/>\n418<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto som po\u010dul n\u00e1zor, \u017ee udr\u017eiava\u0165 RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) port otvoren\u00fd na internete je ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a nemali by ste to robi\u0165.<br \/>\n410<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/487056\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432 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