{"id":42130,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/novyj-mirovoj-rekord-po-vychisleniyu-chisla-pi-31-4-trln-znakov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:56","slug":"novyj-mirovoj-rekord-po-vychisleniyu-chisla-pi-31-4-trln-znakov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-mirovoj-rekord-po-vychisleniyu-chisla-pi-31-4-trln-znakov","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd svetov\u00fd rekord v po\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla p\u00ed: 31,4 trln znakov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nov\u00fd
\n
\nBailey-Borwein-Plouffeho vzorec, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek konkr\u00e9tnu hexadecim\u00e1lnu alebo bin\u00e1rnu \u010d\u00edslicu \u010d\u00edsla p\u00ed bez vypo\u010d\u00edtania predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich (aktu\u00e1lny rekord bol stanoven\u00fd na z\u00e1klade Chudnovsk\u00e9ho algoritmu, pozri ni\u017e\u0161ie)<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd klaster Google Compute Engine za 121 dn\u00ed na 25 virtu\u00e1lnych strojoch vypo\u010d\u00edtal najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u010d\u00edslic v \u010d\u00edsle p\u00ed a stanovil nov\u00fd svetov\u00fd rekord: 31,4 trili\u00f3na znakov po desatinnej \u010diarke. Je to prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, \u010do sa na v\u00fdpo\u010det tak\u00e9ho mno\u017estva \u010d\u00edsla p\u00ed pou\u017eil verejn\u00fd cloudov\u00fd softv\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

Rekord bude zap\u00edsan\u00fd na meno Emmy Haruky Iwao z oddelenia vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtov v Google. Pr\u00e1ve ona vyu\u017eila infra\u0161trukt\u00faru Google Cloud na v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci svetov\u00fd rekord stanovil Peter Tuba v roku 2016, ktor\u00fd vypo\u010d\u00edtal \u010d\u00edslo a\u017e do 22,4 trili\u00f3na \u010d\u00edslic. na \u0161peci\u00e1lne vyrobenom serveri<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd tie\u017e sponsoroval jej zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nRovnako ako Tuba, in\u017einierka Google pou\u017eila na v\u00fdpo\u010det y-cruncher. Tento program pou\u017e\u00edva Chudnovsk\u00e9ho algoritmus<\/a><\/noindex>, r\u00fdchly algoritmus na vypo\u010d\u00edtanie \u010d\u00edsla p\u00ed. E\u0161te v 80. rokoch sami bratia Chudnovsk\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> s jeho pomocou vypo\u010d\u00edtali miliardu znakov po desatinnej \u010diarke.<\/p>\n

Na druhej strane, algoritmus je zalo\u017een\u00fd na vlastnosti r\u00fdchlej konvergencie hypergeometrick\u00e9ho radu:<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd
\n
\nEmma Haruka Iwao sa zamilovala do \"\u010darovn\u00e9ho\" \u010d\u00edsla, ke\u010f sa o \u0148om dozvedela na hodine matematiky v \u0161kole, p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a><\/noindex> Wired<\/i>. Na univerzite bol jedn\u00fdm z jej profesorov Daisuke Takahashi, rekordn\u00fd dr\u017eite\u013e po\u010dtu vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslic s pomocou superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Dnes m\u00f4\u017ee rekord stanovi\u0165 prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd zauj\u00edmav\u00fd in\u017einier, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00edstup k v\u00e1\u017enym v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdm zdrojom a ve\u013ek\u00e9mu diskov\u00e9mu \u00falo\u017eisku (na uchov\u00e1vanie v\u00fdsledku v\u00fdpo\u010dtov). Program vytvoren\u00fd v roku 2009 y-cruncher<\/a><\/noindex> je ur\u010den\u00fd na v\u00fdpo\u010det matematick\u00fdch kon\u0161t\u00e1nt, ako je p\u00ed. Podporuje mas\u00edvne viacvl\u00e1knov\u00e9 spracovanie a trili\u00f3nov\u00e9 rozsahy. Tento program vlastne komodifikoval v\u00fdpo\u010dty kon\u0161t\u00e1nt.<\/p>\n

\u201ePotrebujete dos\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na to, aby ste prekonali svetov\u00fd rekord,\u201c hovor\u00ed Ivao. \u201eNa to, aby ste to dok\u00e1zali, sa ned\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 oby\u010dajn\u00fd obchodn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, a preto sa predt\u00fdm \u013eudia rozhodovali stava\u0165 si vlastn\u00e9 stroje.\u201c V septembri 2018 za\u010dal Ivao sk\u00fama\u0165, ako sa technicky uskuto\u010dn\u00ed proces v\u00fdpo\u010dtu v rozsahu mimo rekordn\u00e9ho rozsahu. Hne\u010f bolo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m bude objem d\u00e1t na ulo\u017eenie. Nakoniec sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd v\u00fdsledok zaber\u00e1 170 terabajtov. Namiesto zostavenia vlastn\u00e9ho servera ako jeho predchodcovia, sa diev\u010da rozhodlo vyu\u017ei\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru Google Cloud.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fdIvao spustil 25 virtu\u00e1lnych strojov: \u201eAle namiesto toho, aby som stla\u010dil toto tla\u010didlo virtu\u00e1lneho stroja 25-kr\u00e1t, automatizoval som to,\u201c vysvet\u013euje. \u201eM\u00f4\u017eete to spravi\u0165 za p\u00e1r min\u00fat, ale ak potrebujete to\u013eko po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, bude trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, aby ste to v\u0161etko nastavili.\u201c Potom nepretr\u017eite po\u010das 121 dn\u00ed Ivao spravoval pr\u00e1cu y-cruncher na t\u00fdchto 25 virtu\u00e1lnych strojoch. <\/p>\n

Aby boli v\u00fdpo\u010dty presn\u00e9, virtu\u00e1lne stroje museli pracova\u0165 nepretr\u017eite. In\u017einierka nastavila syst\u00e9m monitorovania, ktor\u00fd by jej dal vedie\u0165, ak by sa nie\u010do pokazilo, ako napr\u00edklad n\u00e1hle zlyhanie jedn\u00e9ho z virtu\u00e1lnych strojov. Jedna hav\u00e1ria - aj len na p\u00e1r min\u00fat - mohla ohrozi\u0165 cel\u00fd proces v\u00fdpo\u010dtov, ak by nebolo z\u00e1lohovania.<\/p>\n

\u201eV crunchery a Google Cloud s\u00fa syst\u00e9my z\u00e1lohovania a nastavila som ich tak, aby ste mohli okam\u017eite vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 k\u00f3pie t\u00fdchto diskov, bez zastavenia v\u00fdpo\u010dtov,\u201c hovor\u00ed Ivao. Tieto d\u00e1ta sa potom kop\u00edrovali a uchov\u00e1vali externe, na in\u00fdch diskoch, vo forme instantn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa za\u010diatku bolo nieko\u013eko parametrov, ktor\u00e9 som zmenila, napr\u00edklad, ko\u013eko d\u00e1t ste mohli \u010d\u00edta\u0165 alebo zapisova\u0165 naraz, a ako sa hranice bud\u00fa meni\u0165 s rastom,\u201c hovor\u00ed Ivao.<\/p>\n

S narastaj\u00facim po\u010dtom \u010d\u00edslic sa objem s\u00faborov zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161oval a zlo\u017eitosti v\u00fdpo\u010dtov nekontrolovate\u013ene rastli. To ve\u013emi skomplikovalo p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det, ke\u010f sa Ivao sna\u017eil odhadn\u00fa\u0165, ak\u00e9 zdroje virtu\u00e1lnych strojov bude potrebova\u0165 pre projekt.<\/p>\n

Teraz s\u00fa dokon\u010den\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty aj overenie v\u00fdsledku: v y-cruncher s\u00fa zabudovan\u00e9 dva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 algoritmy \u2013 jeden na v\u00fdpo\u010det samotn\u00e9ho p\u00ed a druh\u00fd na overenie. Algoritmus overenia pracuje paralelne s v\u00fdpo\u010dtom, ale vypo\u010d\u00edtava len jednu \u010d\u00edslicu, tak\u017ee rekord m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ofici\u00e1lne zaznamenan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\nTeoreticky je mo\u017en\u00e9 ustanovi\u0165 nov\u00fd svetov\u00fd rekord, ak jednoducho vezmeme predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci s\u00fabor a pou\u017eijeme Baillie-Boardman-Plouffeov\u00fa formulu na v\u00fdpo\u010det e\u0161te jednej \u010d\u00edslice. Ale ur\u010dite to odporuje pravidl\u00e1m registr\u00e1cie tak\u00fdchto svetov\u00fdch rekordov: pravdepodobne ka\u017ed\u00fd uch\u00e1dza\u010d mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00edna\u0165 v\u00fdpo\u010det od za\u010diatku. Alternat\u00edva: zlep\u0161i\u0165 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci v\u00fdkon o N%, \u010do pomocou Baillie-Boardman-Plouffeovej formuly nie je mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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