{"id":42134,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/uskorenie-fajlovogo-vvoda-vyvoda-c-c-ne-osobo-napryagayas"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:56","slug":"uskorenie-fajlovogo-vvoda-vyvoda-c-c-ne-osobo-napryagayas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uskorenie-fajlovogo-vvoda-vyvoda-c-c-ne-osobo-napryagayas","title":{"rendered":"Urychlenie s\u00faborov\u00e9ho vstupu-v\u00fdstupu C\/C++, bez pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9ho nam\u00e1hania","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Urychlenie s\u00faborov\u00e9ho vstupu-v\u00fdstupu C\/C++, bez pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9ho nam\u00e1hania\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ed7e4c2b671c87b382572f08a411e009.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>\u00davod<\/h4>\n<p>\nNa svete existuje tak\u00e1 jednoduch\u00e1 a ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 utilita \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jjwhitney\/BDelta\">BDelta<\/a><\/noindex>, a skuto\u010dne sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa d\u00e1vno usadila v na\u0161ich pracovn\u00fdch procesoch (pravda, nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 jej verziu, ale ur\u010dite nebola najnov\u0161ia dostupn\u00e1). Pou\u017e\u00edvame ju na jej zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fd \u00fa\u010del \u2014 vytv\u00e1ranie bin\u00e1rnych patchov. Ak sa pozriete, \u010do tam v repozit\u00e1ri je \u2014 tro\u0161ku z toho sm\u00fati, preto\u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasne to d\u00e1vno bolo opusten\u00e9 a ve\u013ea z toho je silne zastaran\u00e9 (kedysi tam nieko\u013eko zmien vlo\u017eil m\u00f4j b\u00fdval\u00fd kolega, ale to bolo u\u017e d\u00e1vno). Tak\u017ee som sa rozhodol to o\u017eivi\u0165: forkoval som, vyhodil to, \u010do nepl\u00e1nujem pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, a presunul projekt na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cmake.org\/\">cmake<\/a><\/noindex>, inline-oval \u201ehor\u00face\u201c mikrofunkcie, odstr\u00e1nil ve\u013ek\u00e9 poli (a polia variable length, z ktor\u00fdch mi doslova \u201evybuchuje\u201c hlava), znova spustil profiler \u2014 a zistil, \u017ee asi 40% \u010dasu sa m\u00ed\u0148a na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/cstdio\/fwrite\/\">fwrite<\/a><\/noindex>\u2026<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4>\u010co teda s fwrite?<\/h4>\n<p>\nV tomto k\u00f3de sa fwrite (v mojom konkr\u00e9tnom testovacom pr\u00edpade: vytv\u00e1ranie patchu medzi bl\u00edzkymi 300 MB s\u00fabormi, vstupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa \u00faplne v pam\u00e4ti) vol\u00e1 mili\u00f3ny kr\u00e1t s malou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou bufferu. Je zjavn\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00e1to vec bude spoma\u013eova\u0165, a preto by som chcel nejako ovplyvni\u0165 tento probl\u00e9m bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek zmien v zdrojoch d\u00e1t alebo asynchr\u00f3nnom vstupe\/v\u00fdstupu. Prv\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00e1 mi napadla \u2014 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 bufferu<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cpp\">setvbuf(file, nullptr, _IOFBF, 64 * 1024)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nale \u017eiadne podstatn\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdsledku som nez\u00edskal (teraz na fwrite i\u0161lo asi 37% \u010dasu) \u2014 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nie je v \u010dastom zapisovan\u00ed \u00fadajov na disk. Ak sa pozriete \u201epod kapotu\u201c fwrite, m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, \u017ee vn\u00fatri sa vykon\u00e1va lock\/unlock FILE \u0161trukt\u00fary pribli\u017ene takto (pseudo-k\u00f3d, cel\u00fd anal\u00fdza bola vykonan\u00e1 pod Visual Studio 2017):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cpp\">\nsize_t fwrite (const void *buffer, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream)\n{\n   size_t retval = 0;\n   _lock_str(stream);   \n   __try\n   {\n      retval = _fwrite_nolock(buffer, size, count, stream);\n   }\n   __finally \n   {\n       _unlock_str(stream);   \n   }\n   return retval;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAk ver\u00edte profileru, na _fwrite_nolock pripad\u00e1 iba 6% \u010dasu, zvy\u0161ok je overhead. V mojom konkr\u00e9tnom pr\u00edpade je thread safety jasn\u00fdm nadbytkem, na ktorom u\u0161etr\u00edm t\u00fdm, \u017ee nahrad\u00edm volanie fwrite na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/cpp\/c-runtime-library\/reference\/fwrite-nolock?view=vs-2017\">_fwrite_nolock<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 ani s argumentmi netreba manipulova\u0165. Tak\u017ee: t\u00e1to jednoduch\u00e1 manipul\u00e1cia razantne zn\u00ed\u017eila n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1pis v\u00fdsledku, ktor\u00e9 v p\u00f4vodnej verzii predstavovali takmer polovicu \u010dasov\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov. Mimochodom, v svete POSIX existuje podobn\u00e1 funkcia \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/3\/fwrite_unlocked\">fwrite_unlocked<\/a><\/noindex>. Vlastne to ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre fread. Tak\u017ee pomocou p\u00e1r #define m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00edska\u0165 celkom prenosn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie bez zbyto\u010dn\u00fdch blokovan\u00ed, ak to nie je potrebn\u00e9 (\u010do sa st\u00e1va pomerne \u010dasto).<\/p>\n<h4>fwrite, _fwrite_nolock, setvbuf<\/h4>\n<p>\nPo\u010fme sa abstrahova\u0165 od p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho projektu a zaoberajme sa testovan\u00edm konkr\u00e9tneho pr\u00edpadu: z\u00e1pis ve\u013ek\u00e9ho s\u00faboru (512 MB) v extr\u00e9mne mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vkach \u2014 po 1 byte. Testovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m: AMD Ryzen 7 1700, 16 GB RAM, HDD 7200 rpm a 64 MB cache, Windows 10 1809, bin\u00e1rny s\u00fabor bol zostaven\u00fd ako 32-bitov\u00fd, optimaliz\u00e1cie s\u00fa zapnut\u00e9, kni\u017enica staticky pripojen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Uk\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd s\u00fabor na vykonanie experimentu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cpp\">\n#include &lt;chrono&gt;\n#include &lt;cstdio&gt;\n#include &lt;inttypes.h&gt;\n#include &lt;memory&gt;\n\n#ifdef _MSC_VER\n#define fwrite_unlocked _fwrite_nolock\n#endif\n\nusing namespace std::chrono;\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::unique_ptr&lt;FILE, int(*)(FILE*)&gt; file(fopen(\"test.bin\", \"wb\"), fclose);\n    if (!file)\n        return 1;\n\n    constexpr size_t TEST_BUFFER_SIZE = 256 * 1024;\n    if (setvbuf(file.get(), nullptr, _IOFBF, TEST_BUFFER_SIZE) != 0)\n        return 2;\n\n    auto start = steady_clock::now();\n    const uint8_t b = 77;\n    constexpr size_t TEST_FILE_SIZE = 512 * 1024 * 1024;\n    for (size_t i = 0; i &lt; TEST_FILE_SIZE; ++i)\n        fwrite_unlocked(&amp;b, 1, sizeof(b), file.get());\n\n    auto end = steady_clock::now();\n    auto interval = duration_cast&lt;microseconds&gt;(end - start);\n    printf(\"Time: %lldn\", interval.count());\n\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAko premenn\u00e9 bud\u00fa sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 TEST_BUFFER_SIZE, a pre p\u00e1r pr\u00edpadov nahrad\u00edme fwrite_unlocked za fwrite. Za\u010dneme s pr\u00edpadom fwrite bez zjavn\u00e9ho nastavenia ve\u013ekosti vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te (zakomentujeme setvbuf a s\u00favisiaci k\u00f3d): \u010das 27048906 \u03bcs, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 z\u00e1pisu \u2014 18.93 MB\/s. Teraz nastav\u00edme ve\u013ekos\u0165 vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te na 64 KB: \u010das \u2014 25037111 \u03bcs, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 \u2014 20.44 MB\/s. Teraz otestujeme pr\u00e1cu _fwrite_nolock bez vyvolania setvbuf: 7262221 \u03bcs, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 \u2014 70.5 MB\/s! <\/p>\n<p>Potom experimentujeme s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te (setvbuf):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Urychlenie s\u00faborov\u00e9ho vstupu-v\u00fdstupu C\/C++, bez pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9ho nam\u00e1hania\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/6d7998d805ec2e3f0a7905251c664e5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00dadaje boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 priemerovan\u00edm 5 experimentov, na chyby som sa vyka\u0161lal. Pod\u013ea m\u0148a, 93 MB\/s pri z\u00e1pise po 1 byte na be\u017enom HDD \u2014 to je ve\u013emi slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdsledok, sta\u010d\u00ed si iba vybra\u0165 optim\u00e1lnu ve\u013ekos\u0165 vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te (v mojom pr\u00edpade 256 KB \u2014 je presne spr\u00e1vna) a nahradi\u0165 fwrite za _fwrite_nolock\/fwrite_unlocked (v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 vl\u00e1kien, samozrejme). <br \/>\nRovnako aj s fread za podobn\u00fdch podmienok. Ke\u010f\u017ee nem\u00e1m po ruke \"hardv\u00e9rov\u00fd\" stroj s Linuxom (jednos\u00fa\u010dkov\u00e9 zariadenia neberieme do \u00favahy), rozhodol som sa vykona\u0165 obmedzen\u00fd experiment na virtu\u00e1lke (Hyper-V, OpenSUSE 15, GCC 8.3.1) \u2014 z\u00e1konitosti s\u00fa v podstate rovnak\u00e9: \u201ehol\u00e9\u201c fwrite 20 MB\/s, fwrite + vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 na 256 KB dosiahla 23 MB\/s, fwrite_unlocked s rovnakou vyrovn\u00e1vacou pam\u00e4\u0165ou \u2014 35 MB\/s (bin\u00e1rny s\u00fabor 64-bitov\u00fd, zostavoval som g++ -o2 -s -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ fwrite_test.cpp -o fwrite_test).<\/p>\n<h4>P\u00f3sledok<\/h4>\n<p>\nCie\u013eom nap\u00edsania tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku bolo op\u00edsa\u0165 jednoduch\u00fa a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa met\u00f3du, ktor\u00e1 sa v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch osved\u010dila (s funkciami _fwrite_nolock\/fwrite_unlocked som sa predt\u00fdm nestretol, nie s\u00fa ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rne \u2014 a to je \u0161koda). Nezaober\u00e1m sa novelou materi\u00e1lu, ale d\u00fafam, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nok bude u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pre komunitu.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444036\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u2014 BDelta, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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