{"id":42162,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:58","slug":"yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah","title":{"rendered":"Jadro Linux 5.1 \u2014 \u010do je zn\u00e1me o zmen\u00e1ch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Jubilejn\u00e1 verzia jadra Linux 5.0 bola vydan\u00e1 za\u010diatkom marca. Pr\u00e1ca na jadre 5.1 sa v\u0161ak u\u017e za\u010dala. V tomto materi\u00e1li sa pozrieme na nieko\u013eko noviniek, ktor\u00e9 sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa v tejto verzii.<\/p>\n

\"Jadro<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ Flickr \/ ayu oshimi<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Zastavuj\u00fa podporu a.out<\/h2>\n

\nLinux podporuje bin\u00e1rne s\u00fabory ELF<\/a><\/noindex> e\u0161te od prvej verzie jadra. Po 25 rokoch, a.out<\/a><\/noindex> maj\u00fa v pl\u00e1ne prevedenie do kateg\u00f3rie zastaran\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed (deprecated). V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri tvrdia, \u017ee je to nevyhnutn\u00fd proces, preto\u017ee za dlh\u00fd \u010das k\u00f3d za\u010dal \"hni\u0165\"<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Linus Torvalds osobne zd\u00f4raznil<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee \u017eiadny z existuj\u00facich kompil\u00e1torov nevytv\u00e1ra bin\u00e1rne s\u00fabory form\u00e1tu a.out, a preto u\u017e nem\u00e1 zmysel.<\/p>\n

Zru\u0161enie a.out prebehne v dvoch f\u00e1zach. V Linuxe 5.1 bude odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd k\u00f3d dumping pam\u00e4te (core dumping<\/a><\/noindex> code) \u2014 to je pribli\u017ene 500 riadkov<\/a><\/noindex>. Pod\u013ea Linusa je ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by niekto potreboval porozumie\u0165 legasi k\u00f3du, a pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed st\u00e1le generuj\u00fa spustite\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fabory a.out, bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u010das prebudova\u0165 svoje obchodn\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n

V nasleduj\u00facich vydaniach bude podpora \u00faplne zastaven\u00e1, ale len v pr\u00edpade, ak v komunite nen\u00e1jde niekto, kto by prevzal \u00fadr\u017ebu form\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa zmeny do patchov proti Spectre<\/h2>\n

\nNieko\u013eko zmien sa prid\u00e1 do patchu Retpoline na ochranu pred \u00fatokom Spectre v2. Pou\u017e\u00edva \u0161peci\u00e1lny sled in\u0161trukci\u00ed, ktor\u00fd blokuje mechanizmus \u0161pekulat\u00edvneho vykon\u00e1vania v procesore. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> prahov\u00fa hodnotu pre generovanie nepriamych volan\u00ed od vetvov\u00fdch oper\u00e1torov z piatich na dvadsa\u0165. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch to umo\u017en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon o 20%.<\/p>\n

Jadro 5.1 z\u00edska<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fd flag PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC, ktor\u00fd vyp\u00edna ochranu proti zranite\u013enosti Spectre v4 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch podprocesoch spusten\u00fdch na serveri. Je spojen\u00fd s funkciou\u00a0memory disambiguation<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila predbe\u017en\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie pr\u00edkazov. Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov flag automatizuje kontrolu na deaktiv\u00e1ciu patchu a ur\u00fdchli servery s ve\u013ek\u00fdm po\u010dtom s\u00fa\u010dasne spusten\u00fdch procesov. Viac o tom sme p\u00edsali v jednom z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich materi\u00e1lov<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 funkcie optimalizuj\u00face pr\u00e1cu serverov Linux m\u00f4\u017eu vpl\u00fdva\u0165 na popularitu tohto OS v cloudovom prostred\u00ed. My v 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex> zhroma\u017edili sme \u0161tatistiku \u2014 najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom v cloude medzi na\u0161imi klientmi ost\u00e1va Windows (79%). Podiel Linuxu predstavuje 20%. V bud\u00facnosti o\u010dak\u00e1vame, \u017ee druh\u00fd OS si mierne vylep\u0161\u00ed svoje postavenie na trhu. Taktie\u017e uv\u00e1dzame graf rozdelenia podielov medzi Linux distrib\u00faciami (Najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161ou distrib\u00faciou medzi na\u0161imi klientmi ost\u00e1va Ubuntu \u2014 45%, za \u0148ou nasleduje CentOS s 28% a Debian s 26%.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Jadro\"Jadro
\n<\/p>\n

Prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa zvukov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de (mnoho)<\/h2>\n

\nV jednom z vl\u00e1kien na Hacker News rezidenti poznamenali<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee Linux mal v\u017edy probl\u00e9my s podporou hardv\u00e9ru. Ale v 5.1 bude pridan\u00fdch mno\u017estvo ovl\u00e1da\u010dov<\/a><\/noindex> pre audio vybavenie.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad sa objav\u00ed ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre zvukov\u00fa kartu Fireface UCX<\/a><\/noindex>, zameran\u00fa na pr\u00e1cu v nahr\u00e1vac\u00edch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch a koncertn\u00fdch s\u00e1lach. Taktie\u017e pridaj\u00fa<\/a><\/noindex> ovl\u00e1da\u010d MediaTek BTCVSD pre Bluetooth \u010dip, ktor\u00fd navrhli v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri zo spolo\u010dnosti MediaTek.<\/p>\n

Malo by sa o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 podporu pre Asahi Kasei Microdevices AK4497, Cirrus Logic CS4341\/CS35L26 a integrovan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de Google ChromeOS. E\u0161te v zozname s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 Ingenic JZ4725B, MT8183 a MT6358, NXP MICFIL, Rockchip RK3328, ovl\u00e1da\u010de Spreadtrum DMA a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

\"Jadro
\n\/ Flickr \/ Christopher Michel<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\u010co \u010fal\u0161ie o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 v Linux kernel 5.1<\/h2>\n

\nAko p\u00ed\u0161e Phoronix, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri m\u00f4\u017eu vr\u00e1ti\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> v Linux 5.1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 trval\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 ako RAM. Konkr\u00e9tne, Optane NVDIMM (vyroben\u00e1 technol\u00f3giou 3D Xpoint) na zbernici DDR4 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 \"premeni\u0165\" na opera\u010dn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165.<\/p>\n

Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o pr\u00e1ci, ktor\u00e1 prebieha v tomto smere, \u010d\u00edtajte vo vl\u00e1kne na LKML<\/a><\/noindex>. Teraz Linus \u010dak\u00e1 na objasnenie<\/a><\/noindex> o spr\u00e1van\u00ed Optane od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov z Intelu. A\u017e po ich obdr\u017ean\u00ed sa rozhodne, \u010di zahrn\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00fa funkciu do jadra 5.1.<\/p>\n

E\u0161te je mo\u017en\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1platy, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ia probl\u00e9m roku 2038.<\/a><\/noindex>. 19. janu\u00e1ra 2038 prestane \u010dasov\u00e1 hodnota \"vojs\u0165\" do 32-bitov\u00e9ho cel\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla so znamienkom. To sp\u00f4sob\u00ed mas\u00edvne zlyhania programov. Preto v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri postupne prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa zmeny<\/a><\/noindex> do pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed \u2014 nov\u00e1 verzia jadra nebude v\u00fdnimkou.<\/p>\n

Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o potenci\u00e1lnych zmen\u00e1ch v k\u00f3de Linux kernel mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 u\u017e v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti. Budeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v p\u00edsan\u00ed o nich v n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch.<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161om firemnom blogu:<\/h5>\n

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