{"id":53040,"date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yazykovye-sloi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:54","slug":"yazykovye-sloi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi","title":{"rendered":"Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj, Habr!<\/p>\n<p>Predstavujem v\u00e1m preklad \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwFe2\">Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c od autora Roberta C. Martina (Uncle Bob).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7443f8be2481982b85afe6f8368a9e81.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nTr\u00e1vim \u010das hran\u00edm starej hry \u201eLunar Lander\u201c z roku 1969. Nap\u00edsal ju Jim Storer, \u0161tudent strednej \u0161koly. Nap\u00edsal ju na PDP-8 v jazyku FOCAL. Takto vyzer\u00e1 program: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/44821c373bf1285cf7085306e194cc14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA tu je p\u00f4vodn\u00fd k\u00f3d v jazyku FOCAL:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/bcde722861952deb2e7e8e3f7064c992.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJim Storer bol dos\u0165 talentovan\u00fd \u0161tudent strednej \u0161koly. Pozri sa na tento k\u00f3d. Obsahuje nieko\u013eko zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch Taylorov\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov. <\/p>\n<p>V podstate prev\u00e1dzam bin\u00e1rne vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie, aby som ur\u010dil hodnotu K, ktor\u00e1 pri opakovanom pou\u017eit\u00ed presne pristane lo\u010f. Tak som upravil program tak, aby prij\u00edmal iba jednu hodnotu, a potom ju aplikoval nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t, k\u00fdm lo\u010f nepristane alebo sa nerozbije. Zatia\u013e \u010do toto p\u00ed\u0161em, viem, \u017ee odpove\u010f le\u017e\u00ed medzi 76.40625 a 76.4453125, a pok\u00fasim sa o 76.4257813. Za\u010d\u00ednam si myslie\u0165, \u017ee mi \u010das vypr\u0161\u00ed sk\u00f4r, ako n\u00e1jdem odpove\u010f. <\/p>\n<p>Medzit\u00fdm ma napadlo, \u017ee som spustil tento program na emul\u00e1tore <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGvr\">PDP-8<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd som nap\u00edsal v Lua pre iPad.<\/p>\n<p>Tak, dobre, zamyslime sa nad t\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPad m\u00e1 \u010dip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGxH\">A8X<\/a><\/noindex>, so tromi jadrami pracuj\u00facimi na pribli\u017ene gigahertzoch.<\/li>\n<li>Lua je nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v C a kompiluje sa do A8X.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4j emulator PDP8 je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v Lua, pri\u010dom vyu\u017e\u00edva bal\u00edk <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGy4\">CODEA<\/a><\/noindex> z Two Lives Left.<\/li>\n<li>FOCAL bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd na konci 60. rokov na PDP8.<\/li>\n<li>Lunar Lander bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd v FOCAL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee, toto s\u00fa A8X, C, Lua, PDP8 a FOCAL. To je p\u00e4\u0165 r\u00f4znych jazykov. P\u00e4\u0165 r\u00f4znych mechanizmov, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00fa, \u010do m\u00e1 stroj robi\u0165; v\u0161etky s\u00fa na seba navrstven\u00e9! <\/p>\n<p>\u010co to znamen\u00e1? Pre\u010do je to\u013eko jazykov? V skuto\u010dnosti, zabudnite na iPad, PDP-8, C, Lua a v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 jazyk. Pre\u010do je tak ve\u013ea jazykov? <\/p>\n<p>##\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432? <\/p>\n<p>Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte o tom! Ko\u013eko programovac\u00edch jazykov si dok\u00e1\u017eete vymenova\u0165? Tu, dovo\u013ete mi da\u0165 v\u00e1m mal\u00fd zoznam:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> FORTRAN<\/li>\n<li> ALGOL<\/li>\n<li> COBOL<\/li>\n<li> SNOBOL<\/li>\n<li> LISP<\/li>\n<li> BCPL<\/li>\n<li> B<\/li>\n<li> C<\/li>\n<li> SIMULA<\/li>\n<li> SMALLTALK<\/li>\n<li> EIFFEL<\/li>\n<li> C++<\/li>\n<li> JAVA<\/li>\n<li> C#<\/li>\n<li> PYTHON<\/li>\n<li> RUBY<\/li>\n<li> LOGO<\/li>\n<li> LUA<\/li>\n<li> BASIC<\/li>\n<li> PL\/1<\/li>\n<li> JAVASCRIPT<\/li>\n<li> GO<\/li>\n<li> DART<\/li>\n<li> PROLOG<\/li>\n<li> FORTH<\/li>\n<li> SWIFT<\/li>\n<li> ML<\/li>\n<li> OCCAM<\/li>\n<li> OCAML<\/li>\n<li> ADA<\/li>\n<li> ERLANG<\/li>\n<li> ELIXIR<\/li>\n<li> FOCAL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIste, m\u00f4\u017eete myslie\u0165 na in\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 som nespomenul. Ot\u00e1zka znie, pre\u010do ich je tak ve\u013ea? Na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku existuje naozaj len jedna odpove\u010f. D\u00f4vod, pre\u010do existuje to\u013eko po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch jazykov: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Nep\u00e1\u010dia sa n\u00e1m.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNo, mo\u017eno, \u017ee to je pr\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie. Mo\u017eno by som mal poveda\u0165: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Boli sme v Hollywoode.<br \/>\n Boli sme v Redwood.<br \/>\n Prekro\u010dili sme oce\u00e1n za zlat\u00fdm k\u00f3dom.<br \/>\n Boli sme na svojom mieste,<br \/>\n To je tak\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 hranica.<br \/>\n To n\u00e1s p\u0159im\u011blo hledat zlat\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n<p> Ale st\u00e1rneme.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Dob\u0159e, mo\u017en\u00e1 bych m\u011bl mluvit za sebe... Necht\u011bl jsi prost\u011b na\u0159\u00edkat na Neila Younga, aby p\u0159estal si st\u011b\u017eovat, na\u0161el si n\u011bjakou milou d\u00edvku a \u017eil s n\u00ed? Necht\u011bl bys mu \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee hled\u00e1n\u00ed zlat\u00e9ho srdce bylo marn\u00e9? \u0158ekni, co by s n\u00edm ud\u011blal, kdyby ho na\u0161el? <\/p>\n<p>A co bychom d\u011blali s dokonal\u00fdm jazykem, kdybychom ho na\u0161li?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Vytvorili sme emul\u00e1tory PDP-8 a FOCAL, aby sme mohli hra\u0165 &#187; Lunar Lander&#187;, nap\u00edsan\u00fa \u0161tudentom strednej \u0161koly v roku 1969!<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <b>Tady je to, co si mysl\u00edm.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sm\u00ed\u0159te se s t\u00edm. P\u0159esta\u0148te hledat. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dokonal\u00fd jazyk. Hledali jsme v\u0161ude. D\u00edvali jsme se shora dol\u016f. D\u00edvali jsme se dovnit\u0159 a ven.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Pod\u00edvali jsme se na jazyky z obou stran.<br \/>\n Z vnit\u0159ku a zvenku<br \/>\n a st\u00e1le tak nebo onak.<br \/>\n Pamatujme, \u017ee to jsou jazykov\u00e9 iluze.<\/p>\n<p>O jazyc\u00edch skute\u010dn\u011b nic nech\u00e1peme...<br \/>\n... v\u016fbec.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Ano, dnes je neobvykl\u00fd den.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, podstata je tato:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Nepot\u0159ebujeme jin\u00fd jazyk.<br \/>\n Nemus\u00edme zn\u00e1t cestu dom\u016f.<br \/>\n V\u0161echno, co chceme, je vyj\u00edt za hranice \u017eivota.<br \/>\n S.Q.L.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Ano, podivn\u00fd den.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee, je tu jedna my\u0161lenka. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom m\u011bli p\u0159estat vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 jazyky a prost\u011b se uklidnit a vybrat si jeden nebo dva, kter\u00e9 opravdu funguj\u00ed. To by ud\u011blalo \u017eivot mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te?<\/p>\n<p>A pokud v\u00e1s to zaj\u00edm\u00e1, 76.43844461 v\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 docela dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na 2.23 MPH.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/476644\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). \u042f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443 \u00abLunar Lander\u00bb 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PDP-8 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 FOCAL. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 FOCAL: \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Jazykov\u00e9 vrstvy | ProHoster","description":"Ahoj, Habr! 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