{"id":53854,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:47","slug":"vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","title":{"rendered":"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/37fa13397c0b8ea7af2be17b51c7ed83.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/475304\/\">minulej \u010dasti<\/a><\/noindex> V druhej \u010dasti cyklu \u201e\u00davod do SSD\u201c sme sa zaoberali hist\u00f3riou vzniku diskov. Druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sa zameriava na rozhrania interakcie s \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi zariadeniami.<\/p>\n<p>Komunik\u00e1cia medzi procesorom a perif\u00e9rnymi zariadeniami prebieha v s\u00falade s vopred ur\u010den\u00fdmi dohodami, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi rozhrania. Tieto dohody reguluj\u00fa fyzick\u00fa a programov\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 interakcie.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Rozhranie je s\u00fabor prostriedkov, met\u00f3d a pravidiel interakcie medzi prvkami syst\u00e9mu.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFyzick\u00e1 realiz\u00e1cia rozhrania ovplyv\u0148uje nasleduj\u00face parametre:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>priepustnos\u0165 komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det s\u00fa\u010dasne pripojen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>po\u010det vznikaj\u00facich ch\u00fdb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDiskov\u00e9 rozhrania s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na <b>vstupno-v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch portoch<\/b>, \u010do je opakom vstupu-v\u00fdstupu cez pam\u00e4\u0165 a nezaber\u00e1 miesto v adresnom priestore procesora.<\/p>\n<h2>Paraleln\u00e9 a s\u00e9riov\u00e9 porty<\/h2>\n<p>\nPod\u013ea sp\u00f4sobu prenosu \u00fadajov sa vstupno-v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 porty delia na dva typy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paraleln\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>s\u00e9riov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAko nazna\u010duje n\u00e1zov, paraleln\u00fd port odosiela naraz strojov\u00e9 slovo, ktor\u00e9 sa sklad\u00e1 z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch bitov. Paraleln\u00fd port je najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob prenosu \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee nevy\u017eaduje zlo\u017eit\u00e9 obvody. V najjednoduch\u0161om pr\u00edpade ka\u017ed\u00fd bit strojov\u00e9ho slova sa odosiela po svojej sign\u00e1lnej l\u00ednii a na sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dva pomocn\u00e9 sign\u00e1lne linky: <b>\u00dadaje s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9<\/b> a <b>\u00dadaje prijat\u00e9<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7521e01508ceb9a7ab6c346fd55edb0e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNa prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee paraleln\u00e9 porty s\u00fa v\u00fdborne \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00e9: viac sign\u00e1lnych l\u00edni\u00ed znamen\u00e1 viac pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch bitov naraz a teda aj vy\u0161\u0161iu priepustnos\u0165. Napriek tomu, v d\u00f4sledku zv\u00fd\u0161enia po\u010dtu sign\u00e1lnych l\u00edni\u00ed medzi nimi vznik\u00e1 interferen\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie, ktor\u00e9 vedie k skresleniu pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch spr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 porty s\u00fa opakom paraleln\u00fdch. Odosielanie \u00fadajov prebieha po jednom bite naraz, \u010do zni\u017euje celkov\u00fd po\u010det sign\u00e1lnych l\u00edni\u00ed, ale sk Complicates the input-output controller. Odo\u0161\u013eate\u013esk\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d prij\u00edma strojov\u00e9 slovo naraz a mus\u00ed odosiela\u0165 po jednom bite, zatia\u013e \u010do ovl\u00e1da\u010d prij\u00edma\u010da mus\u00ed prij\u00edma\u0165 bity a uchov\u00e1va\u0165 ich v rovnakom porad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1a264c6efc7d854fbf4513aec347f954.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo sign\u00e1lnych l\u00edni\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje bez probl\u00e9mov zvy\u0161ova\u0165 frekvenciu prenosu spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<h2>SCSI<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/922b430a5fda8ae5e46db82db9573719.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nMal\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my rozhranie (SCSI) vzniklo u\u017e v roku 1978 a bolo p\u00f4vodne navrhnut\u00e9 na prepojenie r\u00f4znych zariaden\u00ed do jedn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia SCSI-1 predpokladala pripojenie a\u017e 8 zariaden\u00ed (vr\u00e1tane ovl\u00e1da\u010da), ako s\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>skenery;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e1skov\u00e9 jednotky (streamery);<\/li>\n<li>optick\u00e9 jednotky;<\/li>\n<li>diskov\u00e9 jednotky a in\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>P\u00f4vodne mal SCSI n\u00e1zov Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), ale \u0161tandardiza\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdbor neschv\u00e1lil n\u00e1zov na po\u010des\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti a po brainstormingovom dni sa objavil n\u00e1zov Mal\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my rozhranie (SCSI). \"Otec\" SCSI, Larry Boucher, nazna\u010dil, \u017ee skratka by sa mala vyslovova\u0165 ako \u201esexy\u201d, ale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.endl.com\/ida.htm\">Dal Allan<\/a><\/noindex> pre\u010d\u00edtal \u201es\u0441uzzy\u201d (\u201es\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u201d). N\u00e1sledne sa v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 \u201es\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u201d pevne usadila pri tomto \u0161tandarde.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nV terminol\u00f3gii SCSI s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 zariadenia rozdelen\u00e9 do dvoch typov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inici\u00e1tory;<\/li>\n<li>cie\u013eov\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nInici\u00e1tor posiela pr\u00edkaz cie\u013eov\u00e9mu zariadeniu, ktor\u00e9 potom posiela odpove\u010f inici\u00e1torovi. Inici\u00e1tory a cie\u013eov\u00e9 zariadenia s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 k spolo\u010dnej zbernici SCSI, ktorej prenosov\u00e1 kapacita v \u0161tandarde SCSI-1 je 5 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 topol\u00f3gia \u201espolo\u010dn\u00e1 zbernica\u201c kladie nieko\u013eko obmedzen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na koncoch zbernice s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne zariadenia \u2014 termin\u00e1tory;<\/li>\n<li>prenosov\u00e1 kapacita zbernice sa del\u00ed medzi v\u0161etky zariadenia;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det s\u00fa\u010dasne pripojen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed je obmedzen\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cablesdirect.com\/store\/p\/2877.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/caecf6cf48e6f0c219080f93e1224206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zariadenia na zbernici s\u00fa identifikovan\u00e9 unik\u00e1tnym \u010d\u00edslom, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdm <b>SCSI Target ID<\/b>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd SCSI-jednotka v syst\u00e9me je predstavovan\u00e1 minim\u00e1lne jednou logickou jednotkou, adres\u00e1cia ktorej sa vykon\u00e1va pod\u013ea unik\u00e1tneho \u010d\u00edsla v r\u00e1mci fyzick\u00e9ho zariadenia <b>Logical Unit Number<\/b> (LUN).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f85b1a966dbb47dea78320e27c9cbaac.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPr\u00edkazy v SCSI sa posielaj\u00fa vo forme <b>blokov popisu pr\u00edkazu<\/b> (Command Descriptor Block, CDB), ktor\u00e9 sa skladaj\u00fa z k\u00f3du oper\u00e1cie a parametrov pr\u00edkazu. V \u0161tandarde je pop\u00edsan\u00fdch viac ako 200 pr\u00edkazov, rozdelen\u00fdch do \u0161tyroch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Povinn\u00e9<\/b> \u2014 musia by\u0165 podporovan\u00e9 zariaden\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li><b>Volite\u013en\u00e9<\/b> \u2014 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 implementovan\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0160pecifick\u00e9 pre v\u00fdrobcu<\/b> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa konkr\u00e9tnym v\u00fdrobcom;<\/li>\n<li><b>Zastaral\u00e9<\/b> \u2014 zastaran\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ mno\u017estva pr\u00edkazov s\u00fa len tri z nich povinn\u00e9 pre zariadenia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>TEST UNIT READY<\/b> \u2014 kontrola pripravenosti zariadenia;<\/li>\n<li><b>REQUEST SENSE<\/b> \u2014 po\u017eaduje k\u00f3d chyby predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pr\u00edkazu;<\/li>\n<li><b>P\u00d4\u017dADOVANIE<\/b> \u2014 po\u017eiadavka na z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky zariadenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo prijat\u00ed a vykonan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu cie\u013eov\u00e9 zariadenie odo\u0161le inici\u00e1torovi stavov\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd popisuje v\u00fdsledok vykonania.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie vylep\u0161enia SCSI (\u0161pecifik\u00e1cie SCSI-2 a Ultra SCSI) roz\u0161\u00edrili zoznam pou\u017eit\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov a zv\u00fd\u0161ili po\u010det pripojen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na 16, pri\u010dom r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu d\u00e1t po zbernici sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 640 MB\/s. Ke\u010f\u017ee SCSI je paraleln\u00fd rozhranie, zv\u00fd\u0161enie prenosovej frekvencie bolo spojen\u00e9 so zmen\u0161en\u00edm maxim\u00e1lnej d\u013a\u017eky k\u00e1bla a viedlo k nepr\u00edjemnostiam pri pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Od \u0161tandardu Ultra-3 SCSI sa objavila podpora \u201ehor\u00faceho pripojenia\u201c \u2014 pripojenie zariaden\u00ed pri zapnutom nap\u00e1jan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fdm zn\u00e1mym SSD diskom s rozhran\u00edm SCSI je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eova\u0165 M-Systems FFD-350, ktor\u00fd bol uveden\u00fd na trh v roku 1995. Disk mal vysok\u00fa cenu a nemal \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie.<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je paraleln\u00fd SCSI popul\u00e1rnym rozhran\u00edm na pripojenie diskov, ale s\u00fabor pr\u00edkazov sa st\u00e1le akt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edva v rozhraniach USB a SAS.<\/p>\n<h2>ATA \/ PATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0f152c456d01911a4e64b565741cb8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nRozhranie <b>ATA<\/b> (Advanced Technology Attachment), tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako <b>PATA<\/b> (Parallel ATA) bol vyvinut\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Western Digital v roku 1986. Marketingov\u00e9 n\u00e1zov \u0161tandardu IDE (angl. Integrated Drive Electronics \u2014 \u201eelektronika zabudovan\u00e1 do disku\u201c) zd\u00f4raznila d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 novinky: ovl\u00e1da\u010d disku bol zabudovan\u00fd do disku, a nie na samostatnej roz\u0161iruj\u00facej doske.<\/p>\n<p>Rie\u0161enie umiestni\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u010d do disku vyrie\u0161ilo nieko\u013eko probl\u00e9mov. Po prv\u00e9, vzdialenos\u0165 medzi \u00falo\u017eiskom a ovl\u00e1da\u010dom sa zmen\u0161ila, \u010do pozit\u00edvne ovplyvnilo vlastnosti \u00falo\u017eiska. Po druh\u00e9, zabudovan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d bol \u201enastaven\u00fd\u201c len na ur\u010dit\u00fd typ disku a bol preto lacnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/de2944768a139aeccef20e1688ed7baf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nATA, rovnako ako SCSI, pou\u017e\u00edva paraleln\u00fd sp\u00f4sob vstupu-v\u00fdstupu, \u010do sa odr\u00e1\u017ea na pou\u017eit\u00fdch k\u00e1bloch. Na pripojenie diskov s pou\u017eit\u00edm rozhrania IDE s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 40-pinov\u00e9 k\u00e1ble, zn\u00e1me tie\u017e ako ploch\u00e9 k\u00e1ble. Vo neskor\u0161\u00edch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa 80-pinov\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 k\u00e1ble: viac ne\u017e polovica z nich sl\u00fa\u017ei ako uzemnenie na zn\u00ed\u017eenie interference pri vysok\u00fdch frekvenci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Na ATA k\u00e1ble s\u00fa nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 dve a\u017e \u0161tyri konektory, pri\u010dom jeden je pripojen\u00fd k z\u00e1kladnej doske a ostatn\u00e9 k \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm zariadeniam. Pri pripojen\u00ed dvoch zariaden\u00ed na jeden k\u00e1bel mus\u00ed by\u0165 jedno nakonfigurovan\u00e9 ako <b>Master<\/b>, a druh\u00e9 ako <b>Slave<\/b>. Tretie zariadenie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pripojen\u00e9 iba v re\u017eime \u201eiba na \u010d\u00edtanie\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.informit.com\/articles\/article.aspx?p=2028834&amp;seqNum=3\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/91490f1a349198d18c6e4947fc53476d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPoz\u00edcia jumperu ur\u010duje \u00falohu konkr\u00e9tneho zariadenia. Term\u00edny Master a Slave v s\u00favislosti so zariadeniami nie s\u00fa \u00faplne presn\u00e9, preto\u017ee v porovnan\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom s\u00fa v\u0161etky pripojen\u00e9 zariadenia - Slaves.<\/p>\n<p>Osobitn\u00fdm inov\u00e1ciou v ATA-3 je zavedenie <b>Self-Monitoring<\/b>, <b>Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)<\/b>. P\u00e4\u0165 spolo\u010dnost\u00ed (IBM, Seagate, Quantum, Conner a Western Digital) spojilo sily a \u0161tandardizovalo technol\u00f3giu hodnotenia stavu \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podpora pevn\u00fdch pam\u00e4t\u00ed sa objavila so \u0161tvrtou verziou \u0161tandardu vydanou v roku 1998. T\u00e1to verzia \u0161tandardu zabezpe\u010dila r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu d\u00e1t a\u017e 33,3 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160tandard kladie pr\u00edsne po\u017eiadavky na ATA k\u00e1ble:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>k\u00e1bel mus\u00ed by\u0165 ploch\u00fd;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1lna d\u013a\u017eka k\u00e1bla je 18 palcov (45,7 centimetrov).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKr\u00e1tky a \u0161irok\u00fd k\u00e1bel bol nepohodln\u00fd a br\u00e1nil chladiacim procesom. Zvy\u0161ovanie prenosovej frekvencie s ka\u017edou nasleduj\u00facou verziou \u0161tandardu sa st\u00e1valo st\u00e1le \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edm, a ATA-7 radik\u00e1lne vyrie\u0161il probl\u00e9m: paraleln\u00fd rozhranie bolo nahraden\u00e9 s\u00e9riov\u00fdm. Po tom sa ATA pridalo slovo Parallel a za\u010dalo sa naz\u00fdva\u0165 PATA, a siedma verzia \u0161tandardu dostala in\u00e9 n\u00e1zov - Serial ATA. \u010c\u00edslovanie verzi\u00ed SATA za\u010dalo od jedni\u010dky.<\/p>\n<h2>SATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/62bbd54846d285ac7545fd019935f4a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u0160tandard Serial ATA (SATA) bol predstaven\u00fd 7. janu\u00e1ra 2003 a rie\u0161il probl\u00e9my svojho predchodcu t\u00fdmito zmenami:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paraleln\u00fd port bol nahraden\u00fd s\u00e9riov\u00fdm;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161irok\u00fd 80-\u017eilov\u00fd k\u00e1bel bol nahraden\u00fd 7-\u017eilov\u00fdm;<\/li>\n<li>topol\u00f3gia \u201ezdie\u013eanej zbernice\u201c bola nahraden\u00e1 pripojen\u00edm \u201ebod-bod\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNapriek tomu, \u017ee \u0161tandard SATA 1.0 (SATA\/150, 150 MB\/s) bol len o m\u00e1lo r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed ako ATA-6 (UltraDMA\/130, 130 MB\/s), prechod na s\u00e9riov\u00fd prenos d\u00e1t bol \u201epr\u00edpravou p\u00f4dy\u201c na zv\u00fd\u0161enie r\u00fdchlosti.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160estn\u00e1s\u0165 sign\u00e1lnych l\u00edni\u00ed na prenos d\u00e1t v ATA bolo nahraden\u00fdch dvoma kr\u00faten\u00fdmi p\u00e1rmi: jeden na prenos, druh\u00fd na pr\u00edjem. Konektory SATA s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di opakovan\u00e9mu pripojeniu a \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia SATA 1.0 umo\u017enila \u201ehor\u00face pripojenie\u201c (Hot Plug).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Niektor\u00e9 piny na diskoch s\u00fa krat\u0161ie ako ostatn\u00e9. Toto je ur\u010den\u00e9 na podporu \u201ehor\u00facej v\u00fdmeny\u201c (Hot Swap). Po\u010das v\u00fdmeny zariadenie \u201estr\u00e1ca\u201c a \u201en\u00e1jde\u201c l\u00ednie v predur\u010denom porad\u00ed.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nO nie\u010do viac ako rok, v apr\u00edli 2004, vy\u0161la druh\u00e1 verzia \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie SATA. Okrem zr\u00fdchlenia na 3 Gbit\/s vo verzii SATA 2.0 bola zaveden\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia <b>Native Command Queuing<\/b> (NCQ). Zariadenia s podporou NCQ s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 samostatne organizova\u0165 poradie vykon\u00e1vania prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pr\u00edkazov na dosiahnutie maxim\u00e1lneho v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newegg.com\/red-rocstor-6-data-transfer-cable\/p\/0ZF-00S7-00004\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5a10fbfb30d403d9700136018a0d94eb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNasleduj\u00face tri roky pracovala SATA Working Group na vylep\u0161en\u00ed existuj\u00facej \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie a vo verzii 2.6 sa objavili kompaktn\u00e9 konektory Slimline a micro SATA (uSATA). Tieto konektory s\u00fa zmen\u0161enou k\u00f3piou p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho konektora SATA a s\u00fa vyvinut\u00e9 pre optick\u00e9 jednotky a mal\u00e9 disky v notebookoch.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee priepustnosti druhej gener\u00e1cie SATA bolo dostato\u010dn\u00e9 pre pevn\u00e9 disky, SSD vy\u017eadovali viac. V m\u00e1ji 2009 vy\u0161la tretia verzia \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie SATA s nav\u00fd\u0161enou priepustnos\u0165ou na 6 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/windowstips.ru\/chto-takoe-msata-ssd-i-chem-on-mozhet-byt-polezen-osobenno-esli-vy-ne-udovletvoreny-obshhej-skorostyu-vashego-noutbuka\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0a72172e33304d39dc8fcebc24aaca71.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nOsobitn\u00e1 pozornos\u0165 bola venovan\u00e1 SSD v vydan\u00ed SATA 3.1. Objavil sa konektor Mini-SATA (mSATA), ur\u010den\u00fd na pripojenie SSD v notebookoch. Na rozdiel od Slimline a uSATA bol nov\u00fd konektor podobn\u00fd PCIe Mini, aj ke\u010f nebol elektricky kompatibiln\u00fd s PCIe. Okrem nov\u00e9ho konektora mohla SATA 3.1 pon\u00faknu\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 radenia pr\u00edkazov TRIM spolu s pr\u00edkazmi na \u010d\u00edtanie a zapisovanie.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Pr\u00edkaz TRIM informuje SSD o blokoch d\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadny prospech. Pred SATA 3.1 vykonanie tohto pr\u00edkazu viedlo k vymazaniu cache a pozastaveniu oper\u00e1ci\u00ed vstupu a v\u00fdstupu s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vykonan\u00edm pr\u00edkazu TRIM. Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup zni\u017eoval v\u00fdkon disku pri oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vymaz\u00e1vania.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia SATA nest\u00edhala za r\u00fdchlym rastom pr\u00edstupovej r\u00fdchlosti k SSD, \u010do viedlo k vzniknutiu kompromise nazvan\u00e9ho SATA Express v \u0161tandarde SATA 3.2 v roku 2013. Namiesto toho, aby sa znova zdvojn\u00e1sobila priepustnos\u0165 SATA, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri vyu\u017eili \u0161iroko roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa zbernicu PCIe, ktorej r\u00fdchlos\u0165 presahuje 6 Gbit\/s. Disky podporuj\u00face SATA Express z\u00edskali vlastn\u00fd form\u00e1t nazvan\u00fd M.2.<\/p>\n<h2>SAS<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b962c09d48c8aca6a19381d6d8866558.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKonkuruj\u00faci \u0161tandard SCSI sa tie\u017e nezastavil a len rok po vzniku Serial ATA, v roku 2004, sa transformoval na sekven\u010dn\u00fd rozhran\u00ed. Nov\u00e9mu rozhraniu bolo udelen\u00e9 meno \u2014 <b>Serial Attached SCSI<\/b> (SAS).<\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee SAS zdedil sadu pr\u00edkazov SCSI, zmeny boli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sekven\u010dn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>29-pinov\u00fd k\u00e1bel s nap\u00e1jan\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li>pripojenie \u201epoint-to-point\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTerminol\u00f3gia SCSI bola tie\u017e zdeden\u00e1. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d sa st\u00e1le naz\u00fdva inici\u00e1torom a pripojen\u00e9 zariadenia \u2014 cie\u013eov\u00fdmi. V\u0161etky cie\u013eov\u00e9 zariadenia a inici\u00e1tor tvoria SAS dom\u00e9nu. V SAS \u0161\u00edrka p\u00e1sma pripojenia nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od po\u010dtu zariaden\u00ed v dom\u00e9ne, ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 zariadenie vyu\u017e\u00edva svoj vyhraden\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det s\u00fa\u010dasne pripojen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v SAS dom\u00e9ne pod\u013ea \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie presahuje 16 tis\u00edc, a namiesto SCSI ID sa na adresovanie pou\u017e\u00edva identifik\u00e1tor <b>World-Wide Name<\/b> (WWN).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>WWN je jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor s d\u013a\u017ekou 16 bajtov, analogick\u00fd MAC-adrese pre SAS zariadenia.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_Attached_SCSI\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0659809e755f33639caaf83606dce40d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNapriek podobnosti konektorov SAS a SATA nie s\u00fa tieto \u0161tandardy \u00faplne kompatibiln\u00e9. Napriek tomu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 SATA disk pripojen\u00fd do SAS konektora, ale nie naopak. Kompatibilita medzi SATA diskami a SAS dom\u00e9nou je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 pomocou protokolu SATA Tunneling Protocol (STP).<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00e1 verzia \u0161tandardu SAS-1 m\u00e1 priepustnos\u0165 3 Gbit\/s a najnov\u0161ia verzia, SAS-4, tento \u00fadaj zlep\u0161ila sedemkr\u00e1t: 22,5 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n<h2>PCIe<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/05251167ad57703662c9be5df62ca85f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express, PCIe) je sekven\u010dn\u00e9 rozhranie na prenos d\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9 sa objavilo v roku 2002. V\u00fdvoj bol iniciovan\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Intel a nesk\u00f4r bol odovzdan\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lnej organiz\u00e1cii \u2014 PCI Special Interest Group.<\/p>\n<p>Sekven\u010dn\u00e9 rozhranie PCIe nebolo v\u00fdnimkou a stalo sa logick\u00fdm pokra\u010dovan\u00edm paraleln\u00e9ho PCI, ktor\u00e9 bolo ur\u010den\u00e9 na pripojenie roz\u0161iruj\u00facich kariet.<\/p>\n<p>PCI Express sa v\u00fdznamne l\u00ed\u0161i od SATA a SAS. Rozhranie PCIe m\u00e1 variabiln\u00fd po\u010det liniek. Po\u010det liniek je rovn\u00fd mocnin\u00e1m dvoch a pohybuje sa v rozsahu od 1 do 16.<\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn \u201elinka\u201c v PCIe neozna\u010duje konkr\u00e9tnu sign\u00e1lnu linku, ale samostatn\u00fd plne duplexn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd kan\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa sklad\u00e1 z nasleduj\u00facich sign\u00e1lnych liniek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prij\u00edmanie+ a prij\u00edmanie-;<\/li>\n<li>odosielanie+ a odosielanie-;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161tyri uzem\u0148ovacie vodi\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo\u010det PCIe l\u00edni\u00ed priamo ovplyv\u0148uje maxim\u00e1lnu priepustnos\u0165 spojenia. Modern\u00fd \u0161tandard PCI Express 4.0 umo\u017e\u0148uje dosiahnu\u0165 1,9 GB\/s na jednu l\u00edniu a 31,5 GB\/s pri pou\u017eit\u00ed 16 l\u00edni\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e3c4ec567c596348ebba75ff1c88c933.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u201eChute\u201c solid-state diskov rast\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo. Ani SATA, ani SAS sa nest\u00edhaj\u00fa zvy\u0161ova\u0165 svoju priepustnos\u0165, aby \u201edohnali\u201c SSD, \u010do viedlo k vzniku SSD diskov s pripojen\u00edm cez PCIe.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Hoci PCIe Add-In karty s\u00fa pripevnen\u00e9 skrutkou, PCIe podporuje \u201ehor\u00facu v\u00fdmenu\u201c. Kr\u00e1tke piny PRSNT (angl. present \u2014 by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fd) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa overi\u0165, \u017ee karta je \u00faplne zasunut\u00e1 v slote.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSolid-state disky pripojen\u00e9 cez PCIe s\u00fa regulovan\u00e9 osobitn\u00fdm \u0161tandardom <b>Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification<\/b> a s\u00fa realizovan\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1toch, ale o t\u00fdchto sa budeme rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 v nasleduj\u00facej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n<h2>Vzdialen\u00e9 disky<\/h2>\n<p>\nPri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk d\u00e1t vznikla potreba protokolov, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia pripoji\u0165 disky umiestnen\u00e9 mimo servera. Prv\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm v tejto oblasti bol <b>Internet SCSI<\/b> (iSCSI), vyvinut\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami IBM a Cisco v roku 1998.<\/p>\n<p>My\u0161lienka protokolu iSCSI je jednoduch\u00e1: pr\u00edkazy SCSI sa \u201eobalia\u201c do paketov TCP\/IP a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sa do siete. Napriek vzdialen\u00e9mu pripojeniu sa pre klientov vytv\u00e1ra il\u00fazia, \u017ee disk je pripojen\u00fd lok\u00e1lne. Siete \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch oblast\u00ed (Storage Area Network, SAN) zalo\u017een\u00e9 na iSCSI m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 postaven\u00e9 na existuj\u00facej sie\u0165ovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare. Pou\u017eitie iSCSI v\u00fdznamne zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na organiz\u00e1ciu SAN.<\/p>\n<p>iSCSI m\u00e1 \u201epr\u00e9miov\u00fa\u201c verziu \u2014 <b>Fibre Channel Protocol<\/b> (FCP). SAN s pou\u017eit\u00edm FCP je vybudovan\u00e9 na vyhraden\u00fdch optick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch link\u00e1ch. Tento pr\u00edstup vy\u017eaduje \u010fal\u0161ie optick\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 vybavenie, ale vynik\u00e1 stabilitou a vysokou priepustnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Existuje mnoho protokolov na zasielanie pr\u00edkazov SCSI cez po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 siete. Napriek tomu, existuje len jeden \u0161tandard, ktor\u00fd rie\u0161i opa\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu a umo\u017e\u0148uje posiela\u0165 IP pakety po zbernici SCSI \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc2143.txt\">IP-over-SCSI<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina protokolov pre organiz\u00e1ciu SAN pou\u017e\u00edva s\u00fabor pr\u00edkazov SCSI na spr\u00e1vu diskov, ale existuj\u00fa aj v\u00fdnimky, napr\u00edklad jednoduch\u00e9 <b>ATA over Ethernet<\/b> (AoE). Protokol AoE posiela ATA pr\u00edkazy v Ethernet pakete, ale v syst\u00e9me sa disky zobrazuje ako SCSI.<\/p>\n<p>S pr\u00edchodom \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed NVM Express protokoly iSCSI a FCP prestali vyhovova\u0165 r\u00fdchlo rast\u00facim po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m na pevn\u00e9 disky. Objavili sa dve rie\u0161enia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vytiahnutie zbernice PCI Express mimo server;<\/li>\n<li>vytvorenie protokolu NVMe over Fabrics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVytiahnutie zbernice PCIe si vy\u017eaduje vytvorenie zlo\u017eit\u00fdch prep\u00ednac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed, ale nevy\u017eaduje zmeny v protokole.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol NVMe over Fabrics sa stal dobrou alternat\u00edvou k iSCSI a FCP. V NVMe-oF sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna a pr\u00edkazov\u00fd s\u00fabor NVM Express.<\/p>\n<h2>DDR-T<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010cas\u0165 2. Rozhranie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3fe9daef1cc011973e9cfc48e9ffe8d2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u0160tandardy iSCSI a NVMe-oF rie\u0161ia probl\u00e9m pripojenia vzdialen\u00fdch diskov ako lok\u00e1lnych, zatia\u013e \u010do spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Intel sa vydala inou cestou a \u010do najviac pribl\u00ed\u017eila lok\u00e1lny disk k procesoru. Vo\u013eba padla na DIMM sloty, do ktor\u00fdch sa prip\u00e1ja opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165. Maxim\u00e1lna priepustnos\u0165 DDR4 kan\u00e1la je 25 GB\/s, \u010do v\u00fdrazne presahuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 zbernice PCIe. Tak vznikol pevn\u00fd disk Intel\u00ae Optane\u2122 DC Persistent Memory.<\/p>\n<p>Na pripojenie disku do DIMM slotov bol vyn\u00e1jden\u00fd protokol <b>DDR-T<\/b>, fyzicky a elektricky kompatibiln\u00fd s DDR4, ale vy\u017eaduj\u00faci \u0161peci\u00e1lny ovl\u00e1da\u010d, ktor\u00fd rozpozn\u00e1va rozdiel medzi pam\u00e4\u0165ovou doskou a diskom. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00edstupu k disku je ni\u017e\u0161ia ako k opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4ti, ale vy\u0161\u0161ia ako k NVMe.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol DDR-T je dostupn\u00fd iba s procesormi Intel\u00ae gener\u00e1cie Cascade Lake alebo nov\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>\nTakmer v\u0161etky rozhrania pre\u0161li dlh\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom od sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho k paraleln\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu prenosu d\u00e1t. R\u00fdchlosti pevn\u00fdch diskov r\u00fdchlo rast\u00fa, predv\u010derom boli pevn\u00e9 disky novinkou a dnes u\u017e NVMe nevyvol\u00e1va zvl\u00e1\u0161tne prekvapenie.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>V na\u0161ej laborat\u00f3rii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/selectel.ru\/lab\/\">Selectel Lab<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00f4\u017eete samostatne otestova\u0165 SSD a NVMe disky.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Len registrovan\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia sa m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 prieskumu. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prihl\u00e1ste sa<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Vytla\u010dia NVMe disky klasick\u00e9 SSD v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">55.5%<\/strong>\u00c1no100<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">44.4%<\/strong>Nie80<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Hlasovalo 180 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Zdr\u017ealo sa 28 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/478684\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD\u00bb \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-11T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:01:47+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u00davod do SSD. \u010das\u0165 2. 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