{"id":54868,"date":"2020-01-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:55","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:55","slug":"ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1pad decentralizovanej soci\u00e1lnej siete nasleduj\u00facej gener\u00e1cie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"N\u00e1pad decentralizovanej soci\u00e1lnej siete nasleduj\u00facej gener\u00e1cie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c0ed09ed12d9b49cee573d6f361f93b2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku v\u00e1m predstavujem svoje \u00favahy na t\u00e9mu hist\u00f3rie a perspekt\u00edv v\u00fdvoja internetu, centralizovan\u00fdch a decentralizovan\u00fdch siet\u00ed a ako v\u00fdsledok \u2014 mo\u017enej architekt\u00fary decentralizovanej siete bud\u00facej gener\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h1>Nie\u010do nie je v poriadku s internetom<\/h1>\n<p>\nS internetom som sa poprv\u00fdkr\u00e1t stretol v roku 2000. Samozrejme, to nie je \u00fapln\u00fd za\u010diatok \u2014 sie\u0165 u\u017e existovala predt\u00fdm, ale toto obdobie m\u00f4\u017eeme nazva\u0165 prv\u00fdm rozmachom internetu. World Wide Web \u2014 geni\u00e1lny vyn\u00e1lez Tima Bernersa-Leeho, web 1.0 vo svojej klasickej kanonickej podobe. Mno\u017estvo webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, ktor\u00e9 sa navz\u00e1jom odkazuj\u00fa pomocou hypertextov\u00fdch odkazov. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead \u2014 jednoduch\u00e1, ako v\u0161etko geni\u00e1lne, architekt\u00fara: <b>decentralizovan\u00e1 a vo\u013en\u00e1<\/b>. Chcem \u2014 cestujem po str\u00e1nkach in\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, prech\u00e1dzam hypertextov\u00fdmi odkazmi; chcem \u2014 vytv\u00e1ram svoju str\u00e1nku, na ktorej zverej\u0148ujem to, \u010do ma zauj\u00edma \u2014 napr\u00edklad svoje \u010dl\u00e1nky, fotografie, programy, hypertextov\u00e9 odkazy na pre m\u0148a zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. A in\u00ed umiest\u0148uj\u00fa odkazy na m\u0148a. <\/p>\n<p>Zdalo by sa \u2014 idylick\u00fd obraz? Ale u\u017e viete, ako to v\u0161etko dopadlo.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nStr\u00e1nok sa stalo prir\u00fdchlo pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea a h\u013eadanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa stalo ve\u013emi nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm zamestnan\u00edm. Hypertextov\u00e9 odkazy, ktor\u00e9 vytvorili autori, jednoducho nemohli \u0161trukt\u00farova\u0165 tento obrovsk\u00fd objem inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Najprv sa objavili manu\u00e1lne naplnen\u00e9 katal\u00f3gy, a potom obrovsk\u00e9 vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010de, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pre\u0161pekulovan\u00e9 heuristick\u00e9 algoritmy na hodnotenie. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky sa vytv\u00e1rali a zanikali, inform\u00e1cie sa duplikovali a skres\u013eovali. Internet sa r\u00fdchlo komercializoval a odklonil sa \u010doraz \u010falej od ide\u00e1lnej akademickej siete. Jazyk zna\u010dkovania r\u00fdchlo pre\u0161iel na jazyk form\u00e1tovania. Objavila sa reklama, nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 otravn\u00e9 bannery a technol\u00f3gia manipul\u00e1cie a klamania vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010dov \u2014 SEO. Sie\u0165 sa r\u00fdchlo zap\u013a\u0148ala informa\u010dn\u00fdm odpadom. Hypertextov\u00e9 odkazy prestali by\u0165 n\u00e1strojom logickej v\u00e4zby a premenili sa na n\u00e1stroj propag\u00e1cie. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky sa uzatv\u00e1rali, st\u00e1li na vlastn\u00fdch noh\u00e1ch, premenili sa z otvoren\u00fdch \u201estr\u00e1nok\u201c na hermetick\u00e9 \u201eaplik\u00e1cie\u201c, stali sa len prostriedkom na z\u00edskavanie pr\u00edjmov. <\/p>\n<p>U\u017e vtedy ma napadla my\u0161lienka, \u017ee \"nie\u010do tu neje v poriadku\". Hromada r\u00f4znych str\u00e1nok, od primit\u00edvnych domovsk\u00fdch str\u00e1nok s nes\u00farod\u00fdm vzh\u013eadom a\u017e po \"megaport\u00e1ly\" preplnen\u00e9 blikaj\u00facimi bannerami. Aj ke\u010f s\u00fa str\u00e1nky na rovnak\u00fa t\u00e9mu \u2014 v\u00f4bec nes\u00favisia, ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 svoj dizajn, svoju \u0161trukt\u00faru, otravn\u00e9 bannery, zle funguj\u00face vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie, probl\u00e9my s s\u0165ahovan\u00edm (\u00e1no, chcel som ma\u0165 inform\u00e1cie offline). U\u017e vtedy sa internet za\u010dal podoba\u0165 na nejak\u00fa formu telev\u00edzie, kde je k u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9mu obsahu pripevnen\u00e1 r\u00f4zna vata. <br \/>\nDecentraliz\u00e1cia sa stala no\u010dnou morou. <\/p>\n<h1>\u010co vlastne chcem?<\/h1>\n<p>\nParadoxne, u\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f som nepoznal ani web 2.0, ani p2p, som ako pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e nepotreboval decentraliz\u00e1ciu! Spom\u00ednaj\u00fac na svoje jasn\u00e9 \u00favahy t\u00fdch \u010dias, dospievam k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee som potreboval... <b>jednotn\u00fa datab\u00e1zu<\/b>! Tak\u00fa, ktorej dotaz by poskytol v\u0161etky v\u00fdsledky, a nie len najlep\u0161ie vyhovuj\u00face pre algoritmus hodnotenia. Tak\u00fa, v ktorej by v\u0161etky tieto v\u00fdsledky boli usporiadan\u00e9 jednotne a stylizovan\u00e9 moj\u00edm vlastn\u00fdm jednotn\u00fdm dizajnom, a nie krik\u013eav\u00fdmi, amat\u00e9rskymi dizajnami mnoh\u00fdch Va\u0161\u00edkov Pupkinov. Tak\u00fa, ktor\u00fa by som mohol uklada\u0165 offline a neb\u00e1l sa, \u017ee zajtra str\u00e1nka zmizne a inform\u00e1cie nav\u017edy zmizn\u00fa. Tak\u00fa, do ktorej by som mohol prid\u00e1va\u0165 svoje inform\u00e1cie \u2014 napr\u00edklad koment\u00e1re a tagy. Tak\u00fa, v ktorej by som mohol vykon\u00e1va\u0165 vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie, triedenie a filtrovanie svojimi osobn\u00fdmi algoritmami.<\/p>\n<h1>Web 2.0 a soci\u00e1lne siete<\/h1>\n<p>\nMedzit\u00fdm nast\u00fapila koncept Web 2.0. Formulovan\u00fd v roku 2005 Timom O'Reillym, ako \u201emet\u00f3da projektovania syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u010faka zoh\u013eadneniu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch interakci\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00fa lep\u0161\u00edmi, \u010d\u00edm viac \u013eud\u00ed ich pou\u017e\u00edva\u201c \u2014 a predpokladaj\u00faca akt\u00edvne zapojenie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov do kolekt\u00edvneho vytv\u00e1rania a \u00fapravy obsahu Sie\u0165. Bez preh\u00e1\u0148ania, vrcholom a triumfom tohto konceptu sa stali Soci\u00e1lne Siete. Obrovsk\u00e9 platformy, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa miliardy pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a uchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa stovky petabajtov \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co sme teda z\u00edskali v soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>unifik\u00e1cia rozhrania; uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee v\u0161etky mo\u017enosti vytv\u00e1rania r\u00f4znorod\u00fdch a krik\u013eav\u00fdch dizajnov nie s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom potrebn\u00e9; v\u0161etky str\u00e1nky v\u0161etk\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd dizajn a to im vyhovuje a je to dokonca pohodln\u00e9; l\u00ed\u0161i sa iba obsah.<\/li>\n<li>unifik\u00e1cia funkci\u00ed; v\u0161etka rozmanitos\u0165 skriptov sa uk\u00e1zala ako zbyto\u010dn\u00e1. \u201eFeed\u201c, priatelia, albumy\u2026 po\u010das existencie soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed sa ich funkcionalita viac-menej ust\u00e1lila a pravdepodobne sa nezmen\u00ed: funkcionalita je ur\u010den\u00e1 typmi \u010dinnosti \u013eud\u00ed a t\u00ed sa prakticky nemenia.<\/li>\n<li>jednotn\u00e1 datab\u00e1za; pracova\u0165 s takouto datab\u00e1zou sa uk\u00e1zalo by\u0165 ove\u013ea pohodlnej\u0161ie ako s mno\u017estvom roztrhnut\u00fdch str\u00e1nok; vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie sa stalo ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161\u00edm. Namiesto nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho skenovania r\u00f4znych slab\u00fdch s\u00favisiacich str\u00e1nok, caching v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, hodnotenia na z\u00e1klade zlo\u017eit\u00fdch heuristick\u00fdch algoritmov \u2014 relat\u00edvne jednoduch\u00fd unifikovan\u00fd dotaz na jedin\u00fa datab\u00e1zu so zn\u00e1mou \u0161trukt\u00farou.<\/li>\n<li>rozhodovac\u00ed rozhranie \u2014 lajky a reposty; v be\u017enom webe Google nemohol nijako z\u00edska\u0165 sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov po prechode na odkaz vo vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed. V soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach sa t\u00e1to interakcia uk\u00e1zala ako jednoduch\u00e1 a prirodzen\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u010co sme stratili? <b>Stratili sme decentraliz\u00e1ciu, a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom \u2014 slobodu.<\/b>. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee teraz na\u0161e \u00fadaje n\u00e1m nepatria. Ak sme si predt\u00fdm mohli umiestni\u0165 osobn\u00fa str\u00e1nku na vlastnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, teraz odovzd\u00e1vame v\u0161etky na\u0161e \u00fadaje internetov\u00fdm gigantmi. <\/p>\n<p>Navy\u0161e, s rozvojom internetu o ne prejavili z\u00e1ujem vl\u00e1dy a korpor\u00e1cie, \u010do viedlo k probl\u00e9mom politickej cenz\u00fary a autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Na\u0161e str\u00e1nky na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zablokovan\u00e9 a odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9, ak obsah nesp\u013a\u0148a niektor\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 soci\u00e1lnej siete; za neopatrn\u00fd pr\u00edspevok \u2014 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zastihnut\u00fd administrat\u00edvnou a dokonca trestnou zodpovednos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p>A op\u00e4\u0165 sa zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eame: nemali by sme si znovu obnovi\u0165 decentraliz\u00e1ciu? Ale v inej forme, oslobodenej od nedostatkov prvej pokusnej verzie?<\/p>\n<h1>P2P siete<\/h1>\n<p>\nPrv\u00e9 p2p siete sa objavili e\u0161te d\u00e1vno pred webom 2.0 a vyv\u00edjali sa paralelne s rozvojom webu. Hlavn\u00e9 klasick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie p2p je v zdie\u013ean\u00ed s\u00faborov; prv\u00e9 siete sa vyv\u00edjali na v\u00fdmenu hudby. Prv\u00e9 siete (ako Napster) boli v podstate centralizovan\u00e9, a preto ich pomerne r\u00fdchlo zatvorili vlastn\u00edci pr\u00e1v. Nasledovn\u00edci sa vydali cestou decentraliz\u00e1cie. V roku 2000 sa objavili protokoly ED2K (prv\u00fd klient eDokney) a Gnutella, v roku 2001 \u2013 protokol FastTrack (klient KaZaA). Postupne sa zvy\u0161oval stupe\u0148 decentraliz\u00e1cie, technol\u00f3gie sa zdokona\u013eovali. Na miesto syst\u00e9mov s \u201e\u010dakan\u00edm na stiahnutie\u201c pri\u0161li torrentov\u00e9 s\u00fabory, objavila sa koncepcia distribuovan\u00fdch hash tabuliek DHT. S narastaj\u00facim tlakom zo strany \u0161t\u00e1tov sa stala anonymita \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov \u010doraz d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou. Od roku 2000 sa vyv\u00edja sie\u0165 Freenet, od roku 2003 \u2013 I2P, v roku 2006 sa spustil projekt RetroShare. M\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 mno\u017estvo p2p siet\u00ed, ako t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 existovali v minulosti a u\u017e zmizli \u2013 tak aj t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa teraz: WASTE, MUTE, TurtleF2F, RShare, PerfectDark, ARES, Gnutella2, GNUNet, IPFS, ZeroNet, Tribbler a mnoh\u00e9 in\u00e9. Je ich ve\u013ea. S\u00fa r\u00f4zne. Naozaj ve\u013emi r\u00f4zne \u2013 \u010di u\u017e z h\u013eadiska \u00fa\u010delu alebo zlo\u017eenia\u2026 Ur\u010dite nie v\u0161etky tieto n\u00e1zvy s\u00fa v\u00e1m zn\u00e1me. A to ur\u010dite nie je v\u0161etko.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak p2p siete maj\u00fa mno\u017estvo nedostatkov. Okrem technick\u00fdch nedostatkov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vlastn\u00e9 ka\u017edej konkr\u00e9tnej implement\u00e1cii protokolu a klienta, m\u00f4\u017eeme sk\u00f4r v\u0161eobecne pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na dos\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd nedostatok \u2013 zlo\u017eitosti pri vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed (t.j. v\u0161etko, \u010d\u00edm sa zaoberal Web 1.0, ale v e\u0161te zlo\u017eitej\u0161ej podobe). Nie je tu Google s jeho v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00fdm a okam\u017eit\u00fdm vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00edm. A ak je pre s\u00faborov\u00e9 zdie\u013eacie siete e\u0161te mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie pod\u013ea n\u00e1zvu s\u00faboru alebo pod\u013ea meta-inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, tak n\u00e1js\u0165 nie\u010do, povedzme, v nadlo\u017en\u00fdch sie\u0165ach onion alebo i2p, je ve\u013emi obtia\u017ene, ak v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Celkovo, ak by sme robili anal\u00f3gie s klasick\u00fdm internetom, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina decentralizovan\u00fdch siet\u00ed sa zasekla niekde na \u00farovni FTP. Predstavte si internet, v ktorom nie je ni\u010d, len FTP: \u017eiadne modern\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, \u017eiadny web2.0, \u017eiadny Youtube\u2026 Pr\u00e1ve v takom stave sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa decentralizovan\u00e9 siete. A napriek niektor\u00fdm pokusom o zmenu zatia\u013e nie je ve\u013ea zmien.<\/p>\n<h1>Obsah<\/h1>\n<p>\nObr\u00e1\u0165me sa e\u0161te na jednu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tejto sklada\u010dky \u2014 obsah. Obsah je hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m ka\u017ed\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho zdroja, a najm\u00e4 decentralizovan\u00e9ho. Odkia\u013e ho z\u00edska\u0165? Samozrejme, m\u00f4\u017eete sa spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 na skupinku nad\u0161encov (ako sa to deje s existuj\u00facimi p2p sie\u0165ami), ale potom bude v\u00fdvoj siete dos\u0165 pomal\u00fd a obsahu tam bude m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ca s oby\u010dajn\u00fdm internetom znamen\u00e1 h\u013eadanie a \u0161t\u00fadium obsahu. Niekedy \u2014 jeho uchov\u00e1vanie (ak je obsah zauj\u00edmav\u00fd a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd, mnoh\u00ed, najm\u00e4 t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li do siete v \u010dasoch dial-up \u2014 vr\u00e1tane m\u0148a \u2014 rozumne si ho ukladaj\u00fa offline, aby ho nestratili; lebo internet je vec, ktor\u00fa nem\u00e1me pod kontrolou, dnes je str\u00e1nka, zajtra u\u017e nie, dnes je video na YouTube \u2014 zajtra ho vyma\u017e\u00fa, at\u010f. <\/p>\n<p>A pre torrentovanie (ktor\u00e9 vn\u00edmame sk\u00f4r ako prostriedok dod\u00e1vania, ne\u017e ako p2p sie\u0165) sa uchovanie v\u00f4bec predpoklad\u00e1. A to je mimochodom jeden z probl\u00e9mov torrentov: raz stiahnut\u00fd s\u00fabor je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 presun\u00fa\u0165 tam, kde by sa s n\u00edm lep\u0161ie pracovalo (zvy\u010dajne je potrebn\u00e9 manu\u00e1lne regenerova\u0165 distrib\u00faciu) a \u00faplne sa ned\u00e1 premenova\u0165 (m\u00f4\u017eete vytvori\u0165 tvrd\u00fd odkaz, ale o tom vie len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo \u013eud\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Celkovo mnoh\u00ed r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi uchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa obsah. Ak\u00fd je jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00ed osud? Zvy\u010dajne ulo\u017een\u00e9 s\u00fabory sa ocitn\u00fa niekde na disku, v prie\u010dinku typu Downloads, v celkovej k\u00f4pke, a le\u017eia tam spolu s mnoh\u00fdmi tis\u00edckami in\u00fdch s\u00faborov. To nie je dobr\u00e9 \u2014 a to je zl\u00e9 pre samotn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Ak m\u00e1 internet vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010de, tak lok\u00e1lny po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea nem\u00e1 ni\u010d podobn\u00e9. Dobre, ak je pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e prec\u00edzny a zvyknut\u00fd triedi\u0165 \u201eprich\u00e1dzaj\u00face\u201c stiahnut\u00e9 s\u00fabory. Ale nie v\u0161etci s\u00fa tak\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n<p>V skuto\u010dnosti je teraz dos\u0165 aj tak\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ni\u010d neukladaj\u00fa a \u00faplne sa spoliehaj\u00fa na online pr\u00edstup. Ale v p2p sie\u0165ach sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee obsah je ulo\u017een\u00fd lok\u00e1lne na zariaden\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea a rozdelen\u00fd ostatn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 tak\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed zapoji\u0165 obe kateg\u00f3rie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov do decentralizovanej siete, bez zmeny ich zvyklost\u00ed, a viac, u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 im \u017eivot? <\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1pad je celkom jednoduch\u00fd: \u010do ak by sme vytvorili n\u00e1stroj na pohodln\u00e9 a transparentn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vanie obsahu z be\u017en\u00e9ho internetu, a to inteligentne \u2014 s\u00e9mantick\u00fdmi metainform\u00e1ciami, a nie do spolo\u010dnej hromady, ale do ur\u010ditej \u0161trukt\u00fary s mo\u017enos\u0165ou \u010fal\u0161ieho \u0161trukt\u00farovania, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 distribuovali ulo\u017een\u00fd obsah do decentralizovanej siete? <\/p>\n<h1>Za\u010dneme s uchov\u00e1van\u00edm<\/h1>\n<p>\nNebudeme sa zaobera\u0165 utilit\u00e1rnym vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm internetu na prezeranie predpoved\u00ed po\u010dasia alebo rozpisu letov. Zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa n\u00e1s sk\u00f4r sebesta\u010dn\u00e9 a viac-menej nemenn\u00e9 objekty \u2014 \u010dl\u00e1nky (za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac tweetmi\/pr\u00edspevkami na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach a kon\u010diac ve\u013ek\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nkami, ako je tu na Habr), knihy, obr\u00e1zky, programy, audio a videoz\u00e1znamy. Odkia\u013e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie? Zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>soci\u00e1lne siete (r\u00f4zne spr\u00e1vy, mal\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky \u2014 \u201etweety\u201c, obr\u00e1zky, audio a video)<\/li>\n<li>\u010dl\u00e1nky na tematick\u00fdch zdrojoch (ako Habr); dobr\u00fdch zdrojov nie je ve\u013ea, zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa tieto zdroje tie\u017e postaven\u00e9 na princ\u00edpe soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>novinov\u00e9 weby<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou tam s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 funkcie: \u201ep\u00e1\u010di sa mi\u201c, \u201ezdie\u013ea\u0165\u201c, \u201ezdie\u013ea\u0165 na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach\u201c at\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Predstavme si nejak\u00fd <b>plugin do prehliada\u010da<\/b>, ktor\u00fd bude \u0161peci\u00e1lne uklada\u0165 v\u0161etko, pod \u010d\u00edm sme dali \u201ep\u00e1\u010di sa mi\u201c, urobili \u201erepost\u201c, ulo\u017eili do \u201eobl\u00faben\u00fdch\u201c (alebo stla\u010dili \u0161peci\u00e1lne tla\u010didlo pluginu, ktor\u00e9 je zobrazen\u00e9 v menu prehliada\u010da \u2014 pre pr\u00edpad, \u017ee na str\u00e1nke nie je funkcia \u201ep\u00e1\u010di sa mi\u201c\/\u201erepost\u201c\/\u201eprida\u0165 do z\u00e1lo\u017eiek\u201c). Hlavn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee jednoducho d\u00e1te \u201ep\u00e1\u010di sa mi\u201c \u2014 ako ste to urobili mili\u00f3nkr\u00e1t predt\u00fdm, a syst\u00e9m ulo\u017e\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok, obr\u00e1zok alebo video do \u0161peci\u00e1lneho offline \u00falo\u017eiska a tento \u010dl\u00e1nok alebo obr\u00e1zok bude dostupn\u00fd \u2014 nielen pre offline prezeranie prostredn\u00edctvom rozhrania decentralizovan\u00e9ho klienta, ale aj v samotnej decentralizovanej sieti! Pod\u013ea m\u0148a je to ve\u013emi pohodln\u00e9. \u017diadne zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fakony, a vyrie\u0161ime hne\u010f mno\u017estvo \u00faloh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>uchov\u00e1vanie cenn\u00e9ho obsahu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee zmizn\u00fa\u0165 alebo by\u0165 vymazan\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>r\u00fdchle naplnenie decentralizovanej siete<\/li>\n<li>agreg\u00e1cia obsahu z r\u00f4znych zdrojov (m\u00f4\u017eete by\u0165 registrovan\u00ed na desiatkach internetov\u00fdch zdrojov, a v\u0161etky p\u00e1\u010di sa mi\/reposty sa zhroma\u017edia do jednotnej lok\u00e1lnej datab\u00e1zy)<\/li>\n<li>\u0161trukt\u00farovanie zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho obsahu pod\u013ea <b>va\u0161ich<\/b> pravidl\u00e1m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJe zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee plugin pre prehliada\u010d mus\u00ed by\u0165 prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd \u0161trukt\u00fare ka\u017ed\u00e9ho webu (to je \u00faplne re\u00e1lne \u2014 u\u017e existuj\u00fa pluginy na ulo\u017eenie obsahu z Youtube, Twittera, VK at\u010f.). Webov, pre ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 zmysel robi\u0165 osobn\u00e9 pluginy, nie je ve\u013ea. Zvy\u010dajne ide o be\u017en\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne siete (t\u00fdch sotva m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 viac ne\u017e desa\u0165) a nieko\u013eko kvalitn\u00fdch tematick\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, ako je Habr (tie\u017e ich nie je ve\u013ea). Pri otvorenom k\u00f3de a \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed by v\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9ho pluginu na z\u00e1klade \u0161abl\u00f3nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu nemal trva\u0165 dlho. Pre ostatn\u00e9 weby je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 univerz\u00e1lne tla\u010didlo na ulo\u017eenie, ktor\u00e9 by ulo\u017eilo cel\u00fa str\u00e1nku do mhtml \u2014 mo\u017eno s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm reklamy. <\/p>\n<h1>Teraz o \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p>\nPod \"inteligentn\u00fdm\" ulo\u017een\u00edm rozumiem minim\u00e1lne ukladanie s metainform\u00e1ciou: zdroj obsahu (URL), s\u00fabor predt\u00fdm udelen\u00fdch lajkov, \u0161t\u00edtkov, koment\u00e1rov, ich identifik\u00e1tory at\u010f. Ve\u010f pri be\u017enom ukladan\u00ed sa tieto inform\u00e1cie str\u00e1caj\u00fa... Pod zdrojom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ch\u00e1pan\u00fd nielen priame URL, ale aj s\u00e9mantick\u00e1 zlo\u017eka: napr\u00edklad skupina v soci\u00e1lnej sieti alebo pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e, ktor\u00fd spravil repost. Plugin m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dostato\u010dne inteligentn\u00fd, aby pou\u017eil tieto inform\u00e1cie na automatick\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00farovanie a tagovanie. Tie\u017e by sa malo ch\u00e1pa\u0165, \u017ee aj pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee v\u017edy prida\u0165 k ukladan\u00e9mu obsahu ur\u010dit\u00fa metainform\u00e1ciu, na \u010do by sa mali predpoklada\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne pohodln\u00e9 prostriedky rozhrania (m\u00e1m dos\u0165 ve\u013ea n\u00e1padov, ako to urobi\u0165).<\/p>\n<p>Takto sa rie\u0161i ot\u00e1zka \u0161trukt\u00farovania a organiz\u00e1cie lok\u00e1lnych s\u00faborov pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. To je u\u017e hotov\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 aj bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek p2p. Je to jednoducho ak\u00e1si offline datab\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 vie, \u010do, odkia\u013e a v akom kontexte sme ulo\u017eili, a umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 mal\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy. Napr\u00edklad n\u00e1js\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov extern\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed, ktor\u00ed najviac lajkovali tie ist\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky ako vy. Mnoh\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne siete to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v jasnej podobe?<\/p>\n<p>Tu je u\u017e potrebn\u00e9 spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee jedn\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00edrenia pre prehliada\u010d je samozrejme nedosta\u010duj\u00face. Druhou najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou syst\u00e9mu je slu\u017eba decentralizovanej siete, ktor\u00e1 funguje na pozad\u00ed a spracov\u00e1va ako samotn\u00fa p2p sie\u0165 (po\u017eiadavky zo siete a po\u017eiadavky od klienta), tak aj uchov\u00e1vanie nov\u00e9ho obsahu prostredn\u00edctvom roz\u0161\u00edrenia. Slu\u017eba, pracuj\u00faca spolu s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm, umiestni obsah na potrebn\u00e9 miesto, vypo\u010d\u00edta hash (a mo\u017eno ur\u010d\u00ed, \u010di bol tak\u00fdto obsah u\u017e predt\u00fdm ulo\u017een\u00fd), prid\u00e1 do lok\u00e1lnej datab\u00e1zy potrebn\u00e9 meta\u00fadaje.<\/p>\n<p>Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee syst\u00e9m by bol u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd aj v takejto podobe, bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek p2p. Mnoho u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pou\u017e\u00edva webov\u00e9 klippery, ktor\u00e9 prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa zauj\u00edmav\u00fd obsah z webu, napr\u00edklad do Evernote. Navrhovan\u00e1 architekt\u00fara je roz\u0161\u00edrenou variantou tak\u00e9ho klipperu.<\/p>\n<h1>A nakoniec, p2p v\u00fdmena<\/h1>\n<p>\nNajpr\u00edjemnej\u0161ie je, \u017ee inform\u00e1cie a meta\u00fadaje (\u010di u\u017e zachyten\u00e9 z webu, alebo moje vlastn\u00e9) je mo\u017en\u00e9 zdie\u013ea\u0165. Koncepcia soci\u00e1lnej siete sa dokonale pren\u00e1\u0161a na p2p architekt\u00faru. D\u00e1 sa poveda\u0165, \u017ee soci\u00e1lna sie\u0165 a p2p s\u00fa ako stvoren\u00e9 pre seba. Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek decentralizovan\u00e1 sie\u0165 by mala by\u0165 ide\u00e1lne koncipovan\u00e1 ako soci\u00e1lna, iba tak to bude efekt\u00edvne fungova\u0165. \"Priatelia\", \"Skupiny\" \u2014 to s\u00fa predsa tie ist\u00e9 uzly, s ktor\u00fdmi by mali by\u0165 stabiln\u00e9 v\u00e4zby, a tak\u00e9to vz\u0165ahy poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z prirodzen\u00e9ho zdroja \u2014 spolo\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.<\/p>\n<p>Princ\u00edpy uchov\u00e1vania a distrib\u00facie obsahu v decentralizovanej sieti s\u00fa \u00faplne identick\u00e9 princ\u00edpom uchov\u00e1vania (zachyt\u00e1vania) obsahu z be\u017en\u00e9ho internetu. Ak pou\u017e\u00edvate nejak\u00fd obsah zo siete (a teda ste ho ulo\u017eili), ktoko\u013evek m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 va\u0161e zdroje (disk a kan\u00e1l), potrebn\u00e9 na z\u00edskanie konkr\u00e9tneho tohto obsahu.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u00e1\u010di sa mi <\/b> \u2014 najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj na uchov\u00e1vanie a zdie\u013eanie. Ak som klikol na p\u00e1\u010di sa mi \u2014 je jedno, \u010di vo vonkaj\u0161om internete alebo v decentralizovanej sieti \u2014 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee sa mi obsah p\u00e1\u010di, a ak je to tak \u2014 som pripraven\u00fd uchov\u00e1va\u0165 ho lok\u00e1lne a zdie\u013ea\u0165 s ostatn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi decentralizovanej siete.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obsah sa \"nestrat\u00ed\"; teraz je ulo\u017een\u00fd lok\u00e1lne u m\u0148a, m\u00f4\u017eem sa k nemu vr\u00e1ti\u0165 nesk\u00f4r, kedyko\u013evek, bez ob\u00e1v, \u017ee ho niekto odstr\u00e1ni alebo zablokuje.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eem ho (okam\u017eite alebo nesk\u00f4r) kategorizova\u0165, ozna\u010dova\u0165, komentova\u0165, asociova\u0165 s in\u00fdm obsahom, teda s n\u00edm robi\u0165 nie\u010do zmyslupln\u00e9 \u2014 nazvime to \u201etvorba meta-inform\u00e1ci\u00ed\u201c<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eem t\u00fato meta-inform\u00e1ciu zdie\u013ea\u0165 s ostatn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi siete<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eem synchronizova\u0165 svoje meta-inform\u00e1cie s meta-inform\u00e1ciami in\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZrejme sa logicky jav\u00ed aj zrieknutie sa palcov nadol: ak mi obsah nie je sympatick\u00fd \u2014 je rozumn\u00e9, \u017ee nechcem m\u00ed\u0148a\u0165 svoj priestor na disku na jeho ulo\u017eenie a svoj internetov\u00fd kan\u00e1l na jeho \u0161\u00edrenie. Preto palce nadol sa do decentraliz\u00e1cie naozaj ve\u013emi nehodia (aj ke\u010f niekedy s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmedia.io\/news\/pryamaya-liniya-s-putinym-v-youtube-ne-nravitsya-nikomu\">m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p>Niekedy je potrebn\u00e9 uchova\u0165 aj to, \u010do \u201enie je sympatick\u00e9\u201c. Existuje tak\u00e9 slovo \u201emus\u00edm\u201c :)<br \/>\n\u201e<b>Z\u00e1lo\u017eky<\/b>\u00bb (alebo \u201eOb\u013e\u00faben\u00e9\u201c) \u2014 nevyjadrujem vz\u0165ah k obsahu, ale uklad\u00e1m ho do svojej lok\u00e1lnej datab\u00e1zy z\u00e1lo\u017eiek. Slovo \u201eob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9\u201c (favorites) nie je \u00faplne vhodn\u00e9 pod\u013ea v\u00fdznamu (na to s\u00fa p\u00e1\u010di sa a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 ich kategoriz\u00e1cia), a \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017eky\u201c (bookmarks) \u2014 celkom \u00e1no. Obsah v \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017ek\u00e1ch\u201c sa tie\u017e zdie\u013ea \u2014 ak ho potrebujete (t.j. ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobmi s n\u00edm \u201epracujete\u201c), je logick\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u201epotrebn\u00fd\u201c aj niekomu in\u00e9mu. Pre\u010do nevyu\u017ei\u0165 va\u0161e zdroje na to?<\/p>\n<p>Celkom zrejm\u00e1 funkcia \u201e<b>priatelia<\/b>\u201e. To s\u00fa ve\u010dierky, \u013eudia so podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1ujmami, a teda t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pravdepodobne bud\u00fa ma\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00fd obsah. V decentralizovanej sieti to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm znamen\u00e1 prihl\u00e1senie na informa\u010dn\u00fd kan\u00e1l od priate\u013eov a pr\u00edstup k ich katal\u00f3gom (albumom) so zachovan\u00fdm obsahom.<\/p>\n<p>Podobne funkcia \u201e<b>skupiny<\/b>\u201c \u2014 ak\u00e9si kolekt\u00edvne kan\u00e1ly, alebo f\u00f3ra, alebo nie\u010do podobn\u00e9, na \u010do sa tie\u017e d\u00e1 prihl\u00e1si\u0165 \u2014 a teda prij\u00edma\u0165 v\u0161etky materi\u00e1ly skupiny a zdie\u013ea\u0165 ich. Mo\u017eno by mali by\u0165 \u201eskupiny\u201c, podobne ako ve\u013ek\u00e9 f\u00f3ra, hierarchick\u00e9 \u2014 to by umo\u017enilo lep\u0161ie \u0161trukt\u00farova\u0165 obsah skup\u00edn a obmedzi\u0165 tok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a neprij\u00edma\u0165\/nezdiela\u0165 to, \u010do v\u00e1s ve\u013emi nezauj\u00edma.<\/p>\n<h1>V\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9<\/h1>\n<p>\nTreba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee decentralizovan\u00e1 architekt\u00fara je v\u017edy zlo\u017eitej\u0161ia ako centralizovan\u00e1. V centralizovan\u00fdch zdrojoch je pr\u00edsna kontrola serverov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. V decentralizovan\u00fdch je potrebn\u00e9 dohodn\u00fa\u0165 sa medzi mno\u017estvom rovnocenn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov. Samozrejme, tu sa bez kryptografie, blockchainov a in\u00fdch pokrokov, ktor\u00e9 boli predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vyvinut\u00e9 na kryptomen\u00e1ch, nezaob\u00eddeme. <\/p>\n<p>Predpoklad\u00e1m, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 hodnotenia d\u00f4very, ktor\u00e9 si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci siete vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa navz\u00e1jom. Architekt\u00fara by mala umo\u017eni\u0165 efekt\u00edvne bojova\u0165 s botnetmi, ktor\u00e9, existuj\u00fac v nejak\u00fdch cloudoch, si m\u00f4\u017eu napr\u00edklad navz\u00e1jom manipulova\u0165 hodnotenia. Ve\u013emi by som chcel, aby korpor\u00e1cie a botnetov\u00e9 farmy, pri v\u0161etkej svojej technologickej prev\u00e1he, neprebrali kontrolu nad takouto decentralizovanou sie\u0165ou; aby jej hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom boli skuto\u010dn\u00ed \u013eudia, schopn\u00ed vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a \u0161trukt\u00farova\u0165 obsah, ktor\u00fd je zauj\u00edmav\u00fd a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pre in\u00fdch skuto\u010dn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>E\u0161te by som chcel, aby tak\u00e1 sie\u0165 pos\u00favala civiliz\u00e1ciu k pokroku. Na toto m\u00e1m cel\u00fa plej\u00e1du n\u00e1padov, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u0161ak nezmestia do r\u00e1mca tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Povedzme len, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom by mal ma\u0165 vedeck\u00fd, technick\u00fd, zdravotn\u00edcky a podobn\u00fd obsah v\u00fdhodu pred z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm, a to si vy\u017eaduje ur\u010dit\u00fa moder\u00e1ciu. Sama o sebe je moder\u00e1cia decentralizovanej siete n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha, ale rie\u0161ite\u013en\u00e1 (pravda, slovo \u201emoder\u00e1cia\u201c je tu \u00faplne nevhodn\u00e9 a \u00faplne neodr\u00e1\u017ea podstatu procesu \u2014 ani z vonkaj\u0161ieho, ani z vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu... a ani som nevymyslel, ako by sa tento proces dal nazva\u0165). <\/p>\n<p>Asi bude zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 spom\u00edna\u0165 potrebu zabezpe\u010di\u0165 anonymitu \u2014 ako pomocou vstavan\u00fdch prostriedkov (ako v i2p alebo Retroshare), tak aj preposielan\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00e9ho trafficu cez TOR alebo <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"90\">VPN<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>A nakoniec architekt\u00fara softv\u00e9ru (sch\u00e9maticky nakreslen\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku k \u010dl\u00e1nku). Ako u\u017e bolo povedan\u00e9, prv\u00fd komponent syst\u00e9mu je plugin pre prehliada\u010d, ktor\u00fd zachyt\u00e1va obsah s meta-inform\u00e1ciami. Druh\u00fdm najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm komponentom je p2p slu\u017eba, ktor\u00e1 funguje na pozad\u00ed (\u201ebackend\u201c). Prev\u00e1dzka siete by zjavne nemala z\u00e1visie\u0165 od toho, \u010di je prehliada\u010d spusten\u00fd. Tret\u00edm komponentom je klientsk\u00fd softv\u00e9r \u2014 frontend. Ten m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj lok\u00e1lny webov\u00fd servis (v tomto pr\u00edpade bude pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e m\u00f4c\u0165 pracova\u0165 s decentralizovanou sie\u0165ou bez opustenia svojho ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da), aj samostatn\u00e1 GUI aplik\u00e1cia pre konkr\u00e9tny opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m (Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, iOS, at\u010f.). P\u00e1\u010di sa mi my\u0161lienka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho existovania v\u0161etk\u00fdch variantov frontendu. Navy\u0161e to bude vy\u017eadova\u0165 pr\u00edsnej\u0161iu architekt\u00faru backendu.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje e\u0161te mno\u017estvo aspektov, ktor\u00e9 neboli zahrnut\u00e9 do tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Pripojenie k zdie\u013eaniu existuj\u00facich \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch priestorov (t.j. ke\u010f u\u017e m\u00e1te p\u00e1r terabajtov stiahnut\u00e9ho obsahu a umo\u017en\u00edte klientovi to preh\u013eada\u0165, z\u00edska\u0165 hash, porovna\u0165 ich s t\u00fdm, \u010do je v sieti, a pripoji\u0165 sa k zdie\u013eaniu, pri\u010dom taktie\u017e z\u00edska z siete meta inform\u00e1cie o svojich vlastn\u00fdch s\u00faboroch \u2013 norm\u00e1lne n\u00e1zvy, opisy, hodnotenia, recenzie a pod.), pripojenie extern\u00fdch zdrojov meta inform\u00e1ci\u00ed (napr\u00edklad datab\u00e1z ako Libgen), volite\u013en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie diskov\u00e9ho priestoru na ukladanie cudz\u00edch \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch obsahu (ako vo Freenet), architekt\u00fara integr\u00e1cie s existuj\u00facimi decentralizovan\u00fdmi sie\u0165ami (tu je to \u00faplne nejasn\u00e9), my\u0161lienka medi\u00e1lneho hashovania (pou\u017eitie \u0161peci\u00e1lnych percep\u010dn\u00fdch hashov pre medi\u00e1lny obsah \u2013 obr\u00e1zkov, zvukov a videa, \u010do umo\u017en\u00ed porovn\u00e1va\u0165 rovnako zmyslov\u00e9 medi\u00e1lne s\u00fabory, ktor\u00e9 sa odli\u0161uj\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165ou, rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm a pod.) a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho.<\/p>\n<h1>Kr\u00e1tke zhrnutie \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/h1>\n<p>\n1. V decentralizovan\u00fdch sie\u0165ach nie je Google so svoj\u00edm vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00edm a hodnoten\u00edm \u2014 ale je tu Komunita skuto\u010dn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Soci\u00e1lna sie\u0165 so svojimi mechanizmami sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby (lajky, reposty\u2026) a soci\u00e1lnym grafom (priate\u013emi, komunitami\u2026) \u2014 ide\u00e1lny model aplika\u010dnej \u00farovne pre decentralizovan\u00fa sie\u0165.<br \/>\n2. Hlavn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka, ktor\u00fa prin\u00e1\u0161am touto \u010dl\u00e1nok, je automatick\u00e9 ukladanie zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho obsahu z be\u017en\u00e9ho internetu pri kliknut\u00ed na like\/zdielanie; to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 aj bez p2p, len vedenie osobn\u00e9ho arch\u00edvu zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<br \/>\n3. Tento obsah m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 automaticky naplni\u0165 decentralizovan\u00fa sie\u0165.<br \/>\n4. Princ\u00edp automatick\u00e9ho ukladania zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho obsahu funguje aj pri likoch\/zdielen\u00ed v najdecentralizovanej\u0161ej sieti.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482912\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u2014 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u2014 \u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":54869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f 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