{"id":55326,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:26","slug":"mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","title":{"rendered":"Je mo\u017en\u00e9 hackn\u00fa\u0165 lietadlo","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ked vylet\u00e1te na slu\u017eobn\u00fa cestu alebo na dovolenku, zamysleli ste sa nad t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 to je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 v s\u00fa\u010dasnom svete digit\u00e1lnych hrozieb? Niektor\u00e9 modern\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi s kr\u00eddlami, preto\u017ee \u00farove\u0148 pronikania po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed je tak vysok\u00e1. Ako sa chr\u00e1nia pred hackermi? \u010co m\u00f4\u017eu piloti v takom pr\u00edpade podnikn\u00fa\u0165? Ak\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie syst\u00e9my m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ohrozen\u00e9? O tom hovoril akt\u00edvny pilot, kapit\u00e1n Boeing 737 s viac ako 10 tis\u00edc hodinami nalietan\u00e9ho \u010dasu, na svojom kan\u00e1li MenTour Pilot.<\/p>\n

\"Je<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, hackovanie syst\u00e9mov lietadla. V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa tento probl\u00e9m st\u00e1va \u010doraz aktu\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edm. Ako sa vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 plavidl\u00e1 st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010doraz viac po\u010d\u00edta\u010dizovan\u00fdmi a zvy\u0161uje sa objem v\u00fdmeny d\u00e1t medzi nimi a pozemn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, zvy\u0161uje sa aj pravdepodobnos\u0165 pokusu o r\u00f4zne \u00fatoky zo strany zlo\u010dincov. V\u00fdrobcovia lietadiel o tom vedia u\u017e dlh\u00e9 roky, ale predt\u00fdm n\u00e1m, pilotom, neboli tieto inform\u00e1cie skuto\u010dne doru\u010dovan\u00e9. Zrejme sa v\u0161ak na firemnej \u00farovni tieto ot\u00e1zky predsa len rie\u0161ili.<\/p>\n

\u010co tam po\u010du\u0165?..<\/h3>\n

\nU\u017e v roku 2015 Ministerstvo vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed (Department of Homeland Security) USA zverejnilo spr\u00e1vu, \u017ee sa im podarilo hackn\u00fa\u0165 syst\u00e9my vlastn\u00e9ho Boeing 757, k\u00fdm bol na zemi. Pri hackovan\u00ed boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 \u0161iroko dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 prenies\u0165 cez kontrolu bezpe\u010dnosti. Prenikanie bolo \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 cez syst\u00e9m r\u00e1diovej v\u00fdmeny. Samozrejme, nezverejnili, ktor\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne syst\u00e9my sa im podarilo hackn\u00fa\u0165. V podstate ni\u010d neozn\u00e1mili, okrem toho, \u017ee sa im podarilo z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k lietadlu. <\/p>\n

Rovnako v roku 2017 bola spr\u00e1va od nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho hackera Rubena Santamartu. Ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee postavil mal\u00fd prij\u00edma\u010d a umiestnil ant\u00e9nu na svoj dvore, \u010d\u00edm dok\u00e1zal prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov lietadiel, ktor\u00e9 preleteli nad n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etko to nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nejak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo predsa len existuje. K \u010domu v\u0161etk\u00e9mu sa teda hackeri m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 a k \u010domu nie? Aby sme to pochopili, po\u010fme si najsk\u00f4r vysvetli\u0165, ako funguj\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my lietadla. Prv\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, je, \u017ee najmodernej\u0161ie lietadl\u00e1 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne aj najviac po\u010d\u00edta\u010dizovan\u00e9. Palubn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa prakticky v\u0161etky oper\u00e1cie od polohovania riadiacich pl\u00f4ch (kormidlo, predkr\u00eddla, klapky\u2026) a\u017e po zasielanie letov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Ale je potrebn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pa\u0165, \u017ee v\u00fdrobcovia lietadiel ve\u013emi dobre vedia o tejto kon\u0161truk\u010dnej vlastnosti modern\u00fdch strojov, a preto zakomponovali kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 do ich dizajnu. Preto s\u00fa syst\u00e9my, ku ktor\u00fdm m\u00e1te pr\u00edstup na opierke sedadla pred vami, a syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 riadia let, \u00faplne oddelen\u00e9. Fyzicky s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 v priestore, infra\u0161trukt\u00farne rozdelen\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne syst\u00e9my, r\u00f4zne programovacie jazyky \u2014 jednoducho, naozaj \u00faplne. To sa rob\u00ed, aby sa neostala \u017eiadna mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k riadiacim syst\u00e9mom prostredn\u00edctvom palubn\u00e9ho z\u00e1bavn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Tak\u017ee na modern\u00fdch let\u00fa\u0148och to nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 probl\u00e9m. Boeing, Airbus, Embraer s\u00fa si ve\u013emi dobre vedom\u00ed tejto hrozby a nepretr\u017eite pracuj\u00fa na tom, aby boli o krok vpred pred hackermi.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka prekladate\u013ea: boli spr\u00e1vy, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri Boeing 787 chceli prepoji\u0165 tieto syst\u00e9my fyzicky a vytvori\u0165 virtu\u00e1lne rozdelenie siet\u00ed. To by umo\u017enilo u\u0161etri\u0165 na v\u00e1he (palubn\u00e9 servery) a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det k\u00e1blov. Av\u0161ak regul\u00e1tory odmietli prija\u0165 tak\u00fato koncepciu a prin\u00fatili zachova\u0165 \"tradi\u010dn\u00e9\" fyzick\u00e9 rozdelenie.<\/i><\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd obraz je o nie\u010do hor\u0161\u00ed, ak vezmeme do \u00favahy cel\u00fd rad lietadiel. Doba prev\u00e1dzky lietadla dosahuje 20-30 rokov. A ak sa obzrieme na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie pred 20-30 rokmi, bud\u00fa \u00faplne in\u00e9. Je to takmer ako vidie\u0165 okolo seba dinosaury. Tak\u017ee na lietadl\u00e1ch ako 737, na ktor\u00fdch lietam, alebo Airbus 320, samozrejme bud\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, do ktor\u00fdch nebola zasaden\u00e1 tak d\u00f4kladne mo\u017enos\u0165 odol\u00e1va\u0165 hackerom a kybernetick\u00fdm \u00fatokom. Ale je tu aj svetl\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u2014 neboli tak po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovo integrovan\u00e9 ako modern\u00e9 stroje. Tak\u017ee syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1me na na\u0161ich 737 (nem\u00f4\u017eem hovori\u0165 o Airbuse, preto\u017ee ich nepozn\u00e1m), s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ur\u010den\u00e9 na prenos naviga\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fadajov. Nem\u00e1me elektroiskrov\u00fd syst\u00e9m riadenia (Fly-by-wire)<\/a><\/noindex>. Na na\u0161ich 737 je st\u00e1le joystick spojen\u00fd s riadiacimi plochami. Tak\u017ee \u00e1no, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 ovplyvni\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1ciu \u00fadajov na\u0161ich naviga\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ale to by sme ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo zaznamenali. <\/p>\n

Riadi\u0165 lietadlo nezaklad\u00e1me len na palubnom GPS, ale tie\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edvame tradi\u010dn\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, neust\u00e1le porovn\u00e1vame \u00fadaje z r\u00f4znych zdrojov. Okrem GPS s\u00fa to aj pozemsk\u00e9 r\u00e1diomaj\u00e1ky a vzdialenosti k nim. Na palube m\u00e1me syst\u00e9m naz\u00fdvan\u00fd IRS. V podstate ide o laserov\u00e9 gyroskopy, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskavaj\u00fa \u00fadaje v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa ich s GPS. Tak\u017ee ak by n\u00e1hodou nie\u010do nebolo v poriadku s jedn\u00fdm z \u00fatoku dostupn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo si to v\u0161imneme a prepneme sa na in\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Palubn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

\nAk\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie potenci\u00e1lne ciele \u00fatokov v\u00e1s napadaj\u00fa? Prv\u00e9 a najzrejmej\u0161ie je palubn\u00fd z\u00e1bavn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. V niektor\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach pr\u00e1ve cez tento syst\u00e9m kupujete pr\u00edstup k Wi-Fi, objedn\u00e1vate jedlo a podobne. Samotn\u00e9 Wi-Fi na palube m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e cie\u013eom \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, v tomto smere ho m\u00f4\u017eeme porovna\u0165 s ak\u00fdmko\u013evek verejn\u00fdm hotspotom. Ur\u010dite viete, \u017ee ak pou\u017e\u00edvate verejn\u00e9 siete bez VPN, existuje mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00fa va\u0161e \u00fadaje \u2014 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, fotografie, ulo\u017een\u00e9 Wi-Fi hesl\u00e1, ako aj ak\u00e9ko\u013evek in\u00e9 hesl\u00e1, \u00fadaje bankov\u00fdch kariet a tak \u010falej. Sk\u00fasen\u00e9mu hackerovi nebude robi\u0165 probl\u00e9my z\u00edska\u0165 tieto inform\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nSamotn\u00fd zabudovan\u00fd z\u00e1bavn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa v tomto smere l\u00ed\u0161i, preto\u017ee predstavuje nez\u00e1visl\u00fa sadu hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch komponentov. A tieto po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, chcem e\u0161te raz pripomen\u00fa\u0165, nijako nie s\u00fa prepojen\u00e9 a neinteraguj\u00fa s riadiacimi syst\u00e9mami lietadla. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fatok na z\u00e1bavn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nem\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene probl\u00e9my. Napr\u00edklad \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee potenci\u00e1lne posla\u0165 upozornenia \u00faplne v\u0161etk\u00fdm pasa\u017eierom v kab\u00edne, informuj\u00face napr\u00edklad o tom, \u017ee kontrola lietadla bola prebrat\u00e1. To vytvor\u00ed paniku. Alebo upozornenia o probl\u00e9moch s lietadlom, alebo ak\u00fako\u013evek in\u00fa dezinform\u00e1ciu. Ur\u010dite to bude \u0161okuj\u00face a desiv\u00e9, ale nijako to nebude nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Pokia\u013e tak\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne existuje, v\u00fdrobcovia prij\u00edmaj\u00fa v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 opatrenia, zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fac firewally a potrebn\u00e9 protokoly na zabr\u00e1nenie tak\u00fdmto probl\u00e9mom. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, asi najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edmi s\u00fa palubn\u00fd z\u00e1bavn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a Wi-Fi. Pri\u010dom Wi-Fi zvy\u010dajne poskytuje extern\u00fd oper\u00e1tor, nie samotn\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165. A pr\u00e1ve ten sa star\u00e1 o kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 poskytovanej slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie, \u010do ma napad\u00e1, s\u00fa letov\u00e9 tablety pilotov. Ke\u010f som za\u010d\u00ednal lieta\u0165, v\u0161etky na\u0161e pr\u00edru\u010dky boli papierov\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi pravidlami, potrebn\u00fdmi postupmi, naviga\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka s trasami vo vzduchu pre pr\u00edpad, \u017ee by sme ich zabudli, sch\u00e9my navig\u00e1cie a pr\u00edstupu do z\u00f3ny letiska, mapy let\u00edsk - v\u0161etko bolo v papierovej forme. A ak sa nie\u010do menilo, museli ste n\u00e1js\u0165 potrebn\u00fa str\u00e1nku, vytrhn\u00fa\u0165 ju, nahradi\u0165 ju aktualizovanou, urobi\u0165 pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee bola nahraden\u00e1. Skr\u00e1tka, ve\u013ea pr\u00e1ce. Tak\u017ee, ke\u010f sme za\u010dali dost\u00e1va\u0165 letov\u00e9 tablety, to bolo jednoducho \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9. Jedn\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm sa dalo r\u00fdchlo stiahnu\u0165 v\u0161etko s najnov\u0161\u00edmi aktualiz\u00e1ciami, kedyko\u013evek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ste mohli z\u00edska\u0165 predpovede po\u010dasia, nov\u00e9 letov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny - v\u0161etko sa dalo posla\u0165 na tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nAle. Pri ka\u017edom pripojen\u00ed niekam sa objavuje potenci\u00e1l na prenikanie tretej strany. Leteck\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti s\u00fa si vedom\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie, rovnako ako aj leteck\u00e9 \u00farady. Preto n\u00e1m nie je v\u0161etko povolen\u00e9 robi\u0165 elektronicky. Mus\u00edme ma\u0165 papierov\u00e9 letov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny (toto po\u017eiadavka sa v\u0161ak l\u00ed\u0161i medzi r\u00f4znymi leteck\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami), mus\u00ed by\u0165 aj z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e1 k\u00f3pia. Okrem toho, za \u017eiadnych okolnost\u00ed nem\u00e1me pr\u00e1vo in\u0161talova\u0165 ni\u010d okrem povolen\u00fdch a schv\u00e1len\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed leteckou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou na tablet. Niektor\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iPad, niektor\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne vytvoren\u00e9 pre tieto \u00fa\u010dely zariadenia (oba varianty maj\u00fa svoje v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody). V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade je to v\u0161etko pr\u00edsne kontrolovan\u00e9 a piloti nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadnym sp\u00f4sobom zasahova\u0165 do fungovania tabletov. To je prv\u00e9. Druh\u00e9 - je n\u00e1m zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 ich k \u010domuko\u013evek, ke\u010f sme vo vzduchu. My (aspo\u0148 v mojej leteckej spolo\u010dnosti) sa nem\u00f4\u017eeme pripoji\u0165 k palubn\u00e9mu Wi-Fi po vzlete. Nem\u00f4\u017eeme dokonca ani pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zabudovan\u00fd GPS prij\u00edma\u010d v iPade. Hne\u010f ako zatvor\u00edme dvere, prepneme tablety do re\u017eimu letu a od tohto momentu nesmie zosta\u0165 \u017eiadna mo\u017enos\u0165 zasahovania do ich fungovania. <\/p>\n

Ak niekto akoko\u013evek naru\u0161\u00ed alebo zasiahne do prev\u00e1dzky celej siete leteckej spolo\u010dnosti, spozorujeme to po pripojen\u00ed na zemi. A potom m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00e1js\u0165 do miestnosti pos\u00e1dky na letisku, vytla\u010di\u0165 si papierov\u00e9 sch\u00e9my a po\u010das letu sa na ne spolieha\u0165. Ak by sa nie\u010do stalo s jedn\u00fdm z tabletov \u2014 m\u00e1me druh\u00fd. V najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade, ak by oba tablety nefungovali, m\u00e1me v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje na letenie v palubnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Ako m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, v tomto pr\u00edpade sa pou\u017e\u00edva trojit\u00e1 poistka pri rie\u0161en\u00ed tej istej \u00falohy.<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00face mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty \u2014 palubn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my kontroly a riadenia. Napr\u00edklad, predt\u00fdm spom\u00ednan\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 a letov\u00e9 riadiace syst\u00e9my. Op\u00e4\u0165, o in\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcoch nem\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165 ni\u010d, len o 737, na ktorom s\u00e1m lietam. A v jeho pr\u00edpade z po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u2014 naviga\u010dn\u00e1 datab\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje, ako vypl\u00fdva z n\u00e1zvu, naviga\u010dn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a datab\u00e1zu povrchu zeme. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 podroben\u00e9 nejak\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m. Napr\u00edklad pri aktualiz\u00e1cii softv\u00e9ru palubn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, ktor\u00fa vykon\u00e1va in\u017einier, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nahran\u00fd zmenen\u00fd alebo po\u0161koden\u00fd s\u00fabor. Ale to r\u00fdchlo vyjde najavo, preto\u017ee lietadlo sa neust\u00e1le kontroluje. Napr\u00edklad, ak motor zlyh\u00e1, vid\u00edme to. V takom pr\u00edpade samozrejme neodlet\u00edme a po\u017eiadame in\u017einierov o kontrolu. <\/p>\n

Pri akomko\u013evek zlyhan\u00ed dostaneme varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo sign\u00e1ly sa nezhoduj\u00fa. Lietadlo neust\u00e1le vykon\u00e1va kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fa kontrolu r\u00f4znych zdrojov. Tak\u017ee ak sa po vzlete uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee datab\u00e1za je nespr\u00e1vna alebo po\u0161koden\u00e1, okam\u017eite sa o tom dozvieme a prejdeme na tzv. tradi\u010dn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy navig\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

Zemsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a slu\u017eby<\/h3>\n

\nNasleduj\u00face sa t\u00fdka riadenia leteckej dopravy a let\u00edsk. Slu\u017eby riadenia s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na zemi a ich prelomenie bude jednoduch\u0161ie ako prelomenie lietaj\u00faceho lietadla. Ak \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci, napr\u00edklad, nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom odpojili alebo vypn\u00fa radar naviga\u010dnej ve\u017ee, je mo\u017en\u00e9 prejs\u0165 na takzvan\u00fa procedur\u00e1lnu navig\u00e1ciu a procedur\u00e1lne oddelenie lietadiel. To je pomal\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob nav\u00e1dzania lietadiel na letisk\u00e1, tak\u017ee v ru\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00edstavoch ako Lond\u00fdn alebo Los Angeles to vytvor\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Ale pozemn\u00e9 slu\u017eby st\u00e1le m\u00f4\u017eu z lietadiel zhroma\u017edi\u0165 \"\u010dakac\u00ed rad\" s intervalom 1000 st\u00f4p. (pribli\u017ene 300 metrov)<\/i>, a ke\u010f jeden stroj prelet\u00ed cez ur\u010dit\u00fd bod, nasmerova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed na pr\u00edstup. Takto bude letisko plnen\u00e9 procedur\u00e1lnymi prostriedkami, nie radarmi.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nAk bude \u00fader smerovan\u00fd na r\u00e1diov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, existuje z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd. A tie\u017e \u0161peci\u00e1lna medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 frekvencia, k ktorej sa d\u00e1 tie\u017e dosta\u0165. Alebo lietadlo m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 prenesen\u00e9 na in\u00fd \u00farad riadenia leteckej dopravy, ktor\u00fd vykon\u00e1 kontrolu pristania. V syst\u00e9me existuje redundancia a alternat\u00edvne uzly a syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa vyu\u017ei\u0165, ak jedna syst\u00e9m \u010del\u00ed \u00fatoku. <\/p>\n

To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre letisk\u00e1. Ak letisko utrp\u00ed \u00fatok a \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci vypn\u00fa, povedzme, naviga\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m alebo osvetlenie prist\u00e1vacej dr\u00e1hy, alebo nie\u010do in\u00e9 na letisku, okam\u017eite to spozorujeme. Napr\u00edklad, ak nem\u00f4\u017eeme nadviaza\u0165 kontakt alebo nastavi\u0165 pomocn\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, uvid\u00edme existenciu probl\u00e9mu, a n\u00e1\u0161 hlavn\u00fd letov\u00fd displej bude zobrazova\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne vlajky, \u017ee syst\u00e9m pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho prist\u00e1tia nefunguje alebo naviga\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nefunguje, a v takom pr\u00edpade jednoducho preru\u0161\u00edme pr\u00edstup. Tak\u017ee t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia nepredstavuje \u017eiadne nebezpe\u010denstvo. Samozrejme, budeme rozru\u0161en\u00ed, ako aj vy, ak sa nedostaneme tam, kam sme leteli. V syst\u00e9me je zabudovan\u00e9 dostatok rezerv\u00e1cie, lietadlo m\u00e1 dostatok rezervy paliva. A ak t\u00e1to skupina hackerov ne\u00fato\u010dila na cel\u00fa krajinu alebo regi\u00f3n, \u010do je naozaj, mimoriadne \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 urobi\u0165, \u017eiadne nebezpe\u010denstvo pre lietadl\u00e1 nevznikne.<\/p>\n

Nie\u010do \u010fal\u0161ie?<\/h3>\n

\nMo\u017eno je to v\u0161etko, \u010do mi napad\u00e1 o mo\u017en\u00fdch \u00fatokoch. Pri\u0161la spr\u00e1va od kyber-experta FBI, ktor\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee sa mu podarilo z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom riadiacim let, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac z\u00e1bavn\u00fa s\u00fastavu. Pod\u013ea jeho slov sa mu podarilo trochu \u201emanipulova\u0165\u201c s lietadlom (to s\u00fa jeho slov\u00e1, nie moje), ale to nebolo nikdy potvrden\u00e9 a vo\u010di tejto osobe neboli vznesen\u00e9 obvinenia. Keby to naozaj urobil (ve\u013emi nech\u00e1pem, pre\u010do by to niekto robil, ak sa nach\u00e1dza v tom istom lietadle), boli by proti nemu vznesen\u00e9 obvinenia za ohrozenie \u017eivota in\u00fdch. To ma vedie k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee ide pravdepodobne o f\u00e1my a vymyslen\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy. A ako som u\u017e povedal, pod\u013ea vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed v\u00fdrobcov neexistuje fyzick\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pripoji\u0165 sa z palubn\u00e9ho z\u00e1bavn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu k riadiacemu. <\/p>\n

A ako som u\u017e spom\u00ednal na za\u010diatku, keby sme, piloti, spoznali, \u017ee nejak\u00fd syst\u00e9m, napr\u00edklad naviga\u010dn\u00fd, poskytuje nepresn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, pre\u0161li by sme na vyu\u017eitie in\u00fdch zdrojov \u00fadajov \u2014 pozemsk\u00e9 referencie, laserov\u00e9 gyroskopy a podobne. Ak nefunguj\u00fa ovl\u00e1dacie plochy, v tom istom 737 existuj\u00fa mo\u017enosti. Autopilot m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u013eahko vypnut\u00fd, a v takom pr\u00edpade po\u010d\u00edta\u010d by nemal ovplyvni\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie lietadla. A aj ke\u010f hydraulika zlyh\u00e1, s lietadlom sa st\u00e1le d\u00e1 manipulova\u0165 ako s obrovskou Cessnou pomocou l\u00e1n, fyzicky pripojen\u00fdch k volantu. Tak\u017ee v\u017edy m\u00e1me mo\u017enosti ovl\u00e1dania lietadla, ak nie je struktur\u00e1lne po\u0161koden\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1ver, hackovanie lietadla cez GPS, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly a podobne je teoreticky mo\u017en\u00e9, ale vy\u017eaduje neuverite\u013en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pr\u00e1ce, ve\u013ea pl\u00e1novania, koordin\u00e1cie krokov a mno\u017estvo vybavenia. A nesmieme zabudn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti od v\u00fd\u0161ky, lietadlo sa pohybuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou od 300 do 850 km\/h.<\/p>\n

A \u010do viete o mo\u017en\u00fdch vektoroch \u00fatoku v letectve? Nezabudnite sa podeli\u0165 v koment\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n

Trochu reklamy \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\n\u010eakujeme, \u017ee ost\u00e1vate s nami. P\u00e1\u010dia sa v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vidie\u0165 viac zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov? Podporte n\u00e1s, vytvoren\u00edm objedn\u00e1vky alebo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm zn\u00e1mym, cloud VPS pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov od 4,99 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex>, unik\u00e1tny ekvivalent entry-level serverov, ktor\u00fd sme pre v\u00e1s vytvorili:<\/b> Cel\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 jadier) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps od 19 dol\u00e1rov alebo ako spr\u00e1vne rozdeli\u0165 server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispoz\u00edcii varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jadier a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd je dvakr\u00e1t lacnej\u0161\u00ed v d\u00e1tovom centre Equinix Tier IV v Amsterdame?<\/b> Len u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex> v Holandsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 dol\u00e1rov!<\/b><\/b> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom Ako vybudova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru korpor\u00e1tneho typu s pou\u017eit\u00edm serverov Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 s cenou 9000 eur za zlomok ceny?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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