{"id":55406,"date":"2020-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-19T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat"},"modified":"2026-08-11T15:21:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T13:21:10","slug":"virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat","title":{"rendered":"Virtu\u00e1lny hosting alebo virtu\u00e1lny server \u2013 \u010do si vybra\u0165?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Napriek vzniku lacn\u00fdch VPS tradi\u010dn\u00fd webhosting nezmizne. Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na rozdiely medzi oboma pr\u00edstupmi k umiest\u0148ovaniu webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok a zisti\u0165, ktor\u00fd z nich je lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Virtu\u00e1lny<\/a>
\n<\/a>
\nNa str\u00e1nkach ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00e1\u017eneho poskytovate\u013ea sa ur\u010dite n\u00e1jde porovnanie tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho webhostingu s virtu\u00e1lnymi servermi. Autori \u010dl\u00e1nkov upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na podobnosti VPS s fyzick\u00fdmi strojmi a robia paralely medzi nimi a vlastn\u00fdmi bytmi, pri\u010dom webov\u00fdm serverom kolekt\u00edvneho pou\u017e\u00edvania prira\u010fuj\u00fa \u00falohu spolo\u010dn\u00fdch bytov. S tak\u00fdmto ch\u00e1pan\u00edm sa \u0165a\u017eko s\u00fahlas\u00ed, aj ke\u010f sa pok\u00fasime uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee situ\u00e1cia nie je tak jednozna\u010dn\u00e1. Pozrime sa hlb\u0161ie pod povrchov\u00e9 anal\u00f3gie a presk\u00famajme pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov \u0161pecifik\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho variantu.<\/p>\n

Ako funguje tradi\u010dn\u00fd hosting?<\/h2>\n

Aby mohol webov\u00fd server obsluhova\u0165 r\u00f4zne webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, vymysleli sa tzv. name based virtual host. Protokol HTTP umo\u017e\u0148uje prenos v r\u00e1mci \u017eiadosti, URL<\/a> (jednotn\u00e9ho ukazovate\u013ea zdroja) \u2014 to umo\u017e\u0148uje slu\u017eby pochopi\u0165, na ktor\u00fa konkr\u00e9tnu str\u00e1nku sa prehliada\u010d alebo in\u00fd klientsky program obracia. Sta\u010d\u00ed u\u017e len priradi\u0165 dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 meno k po\u017eadovanej adrese IP a zap\u00edsa\u0165 v konfigur\u00e1cii kore\u0148ov\u00fd adres\u00e1r pre virtu\u00e1lny hostite\u013e. Potom je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozlo\u017ei\u0165 s\u00fabory webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok r\u00f4znych pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov do ich dom\u00e1cich adres\u00e1rov a otvori\u0165 pr\u00edstup cez FTP na administr\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Aby sa webov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie na strane servera (r\u00f4zne skripty alebo dokonca syst\u00e9my spr\u00e1vy obsahu \u2014 CMS) sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali s pr\u00e1vami ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea hostingu, v Apache bol vytvoren\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lny mechanizmus suexec. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nastavenia bezpe\u010dnosti webov\u00e9ho servera nedovo\u013euj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom zasahova\u0165 do niekoho in\u00e9ho, ale v celku to skuto\u010dne pripom\u00edna spolo\u010dn\u00fd byt s oddelen\u00fdmi izbami a spolo\u010dnou adresou (IP) pre stovky webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. Server datab\u00e1z (zvy\u010dajne MySQL) pre virtu\u00e1lne hosty je tie\u017e spolo\u010dn\u00fd, ale pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e hostingu m\u00e1 pr\u00edstup len k svojim osobn\u00fdm datab\u00e1zam. V\u0161etok softv\u00e9r servera okrem skriptov webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok spravuje poskytovate\u013e, klienti nem\u00f4\u017eu meni\u0165 jeho konfigur\u00e1ciu pod\u013ea vlastn\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017eenia. Proces spr\u00e1vy \u00fa\u010dtov je automatizovan\u00fd: na tento \u00fa\u010del m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd hostingov\u00fd poskytovate\u013e \u0161peci\u00e1lny webov\u00fd panel, cez ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 spravova\u0165 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Ako funguj\u00fa VPS?<\/h2>\n

Porovnanie virtu\u00e1lnych serverov s fyzick\u00fdmi nie je \u00faplne presn\u00e9, preto\u017ee na jednom \u201e\u017eelezni\u010dnom\u201c hoste funguje mno\u017estvo VPS. Obrazne povedan\u00e9, to u\u017e nie je komun\u00e1l, ale viacpodla\u017en\u00fd dom so spolo\u010dn\u00fdm vchodom a jednotn\u00fdmi nosn\u00fdmi kon\u0161trukciami. Na vytvorenie samostatn\u00fdch \u201e bytov\u201c (VPS) v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho \u201edomu\u201c (fyzick\u00e9ho servera) s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 prostriedky nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho na hoste opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a r\u00f4zne technol\u00f3gie virtualiz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Ak sa pou\u017e\u00edva virtualiz\u00e1cia na \u00farovni OS, procesy klientov jednoducho funguj\u00fa v izolovanom prostred\u00ed (alebo v nejakom kontajneri) a nevidia cudzie zdroje a procesy. Samostatn\u00fd hos\u0165uj\u00faci OS sa v tomto pr\u00edpade nesp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a, a preto softv\u00e9r v hos\u0165uj\u00facom prostred\u00ed mus\u00ed by\u0165 bin\u00e1rne kompatibiln\u00fd so syst\u00e9mom na fyzickom hoste \u2014 zvy\u010dajne klientom pon\u00fakaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne modifikovan\u00e9 distrib\u00facie GNU\/Linux pre tento typ prev\u00e1dzky. Existuj\u00fa aj pokro\u010dil\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, vr\u00e1tane emul\u00e1cie fyzick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, na ktorom je mo\u017en\u00e9 spusti\u0165 takmer ak\u00fdko\u013evek hos\u0165uj\u00faci OS, dokonca aj z vlastn\u00e9ho in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/p>\n

Z poh\u013eadu administr\u00e1tora sa ak\u00fdko\u013evek VPS m\u00e1lo l\u00ed\u0161i od fyzick\u00e9ho servera. Pri objedn\u00e1vke slu\u017eby hostite\u013e roz\u0161\u00edri vybran\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu, a \u010falej sa starostlivos\u0165 o syst\u00e9m pres\u00fava na plecia z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 potrebn\u00fd softv\u00e9r a nastavi\u0165 ho ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom \u2014 absol\u00fatna sloboda v\u00fdberu webov\u00e9ho servera, verzie PHP, servera datab\u00e1z a pod. IP adresa m\u00e1 VPS tie\u017e svoju, nebude sa musie\u0165 deli\u0165 so stovkou \u2014 in\u00fdch susedov. S t\u00fdmto popisom hlavn\u00fdch rozdielov skon\u010d\u00edme a prejdeme k v\u00fdhod\u00e1m a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1m, od ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdber rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 je jednoduch\u0161ia a pohodlnej\u0161ia?<\/h2>\n

Virtu\u00e1lny hosting nevy\u017eaduje spravovanie prostredia, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duje chod webovej str\u00e1nky. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk sa nemus\u00ed s\u00e1m stara\u0165 o in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu, nastavenie a aktualiz\u00e1ciu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho a aplika\u010dn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch panel spr\u00e1vy hostingu umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu CMS - tento variant vyzer\u00e1 atrakt\u00edvne pre nov\u00e1\u010dikov. Na druhej strane \u00falohy jemn\u00e9ho nastavenia CMS si bude musie\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk vyrie\u0161i\u0165 s\u00e1m, navy\u0161e za relat\u00edvne n\u00edzkym vstupn\u00fdm prahom sa skr\u00fdva ni\u017e\u0161ia flexibilita rie\u0161enia. V\u00fdber softv\u00e9ru bude obmedzen\u00fd: na virtu\u00e1lnom hostingu nemo\u017eno, napr\u00edklad, pod\u013ea vlastn\u00e9ho \u017eelania zmeni\u0165 verziu PHP alebo MySQL, a u\u017e v\u00f4bec nie nain\u0161talova\u0165 nejak\u00fd exotick\u00fd bal\u00edk alebo zvoli\u0165 alternat\u00edvny panel spr\u00e1vy - budete musie\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 prostriedky poskytnut\u00e9 dod\u00e1vate\u013eom slu\u017eieb. Ak poskytovate\u013e vykon\u00e1 aktualiz\u00e1ciu servera, vo va\u0161ich webov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9my s programovou kompatibilitou.<\/p>\n

VPS je zbaven\u00fd t\u00fdchto nedostatkov tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho hostingu. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk si m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00e1m vybra\u0165 potrebn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m (nemus\u00ed by\u0165 nevyhnutne Linux) a nain\u0161talova\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek softv\u00e9r. Nastavovanie a spravovanie prostredia bude musie\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 s\u00e1m, av\u0161ak proces je mo\u017en\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 \u2013 v\u0161etky hostingov\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti pon\u00fakaj\u00fa okam\u017eit\u00fa in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu panelu spr\u00e1vy na virtu\u00e1lny server, ktor\u00fd automatizuje proces spravovania. V\u010faka nemu nebude ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel v zlo\u017eitosti spr\u00e1vy medzi tradi\u010dn\u00fdm hostingom a VPS. Navy\u0161e nikto nezakazuje nain\u0161talova\u0165 vlastn\u00fd panel, ktor\u00fd nie je v ponuke poskytovate\u013ea. Celkovo s\u00fa n\u00e1klady na spr\u00e1vu VPS relat\u00edvne n\u00edzke, a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia flexibilita rie\u0161enia mnohon\u00e1sobne kompenzuje niektor\u00e9 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 v\u00fddavky.<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e1 varianta je bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ia?<\/h2>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee sa zda\u0165, \u017ee hosting webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok na tradi\u010dn\u00fdch serveroch je bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed. Zdroje r\u00f4znych pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov s\u00fa medzi sebou d\u00f4kladne izolovan\u00e9, a poskytovate\u013e db\u00e1 na aktu\u00e1lnos\u0165 softv\u00e9ru servera \u2014 to je skvel\u00e1 vo\u013eba, ale iba na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci sotva v\u017edy zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zranite\u013enosti v syst\u00e9movom softv\u00e9ri, zvy\u010dajne hackuj\u00fa webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm nezabezpe\u010den\u00fdch skriptov a nespr\u00e1vnych nastaven\u00ed syst\u00e9mov spr\u00e1vy obsahu. V tomto oh\u013eade tradi\u010dn\u00fd hosting nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne v\u00fdhody \u2014 zdroje klientov be\u017eia na t\u00fdch ist\u00fdch CMS \u2014 ale nev\u00fdhod je dostatok.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m virtu\u00e1lneho hostingu spo\u010d\u00edva v spolo\u010dnej IP adrese pre stovky webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok r\u00f4znych pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Ak niekoho z va\u0161ich susedov hackn\u00fa a za\u010dn\u00fa, napr\u00edklad, rozosiela\u0165 spam alebo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 in\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 aktivity, spolo\u010dn\u00e1 adresa sa m\u00f4\u017ee ocitn\u00fa\u0165 v r\u00f4znych \u010diernych zoznamoch. V takom pr\u00edpade utrpia v\u0161etci klienti, ktor\u00fdch webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa t\u00fa ist\u00fa IP. Ak sused dostane DDoS \u00fatok alebo sp\u00f4sob\u00ed nadmern\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch zdrojov, zasiahne to ostatn\u00fdch \u201en\u00e1jomn\u00edkov\u201c servera. Spravova\u0165 pride\u013eovanie kv\u00f3t pre jednotliv\u00e9 VPS je pre poskytovate\u013ea ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161ie, navy\u0161e virtu\u00e1lnemu serveru je pridelen\u00e1 samostatn\u00e1 IP, a nemus\u00ed by\u0165 iba jedna: je mo\u017en\u00e9 objedna\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek mno\u017estvo, doplnkov\u00fa slu\u017ebu ochrany proti DDoS, antiv\u00edrusov\u00fa slu\u017ebu at\u010f. Z h\u013eadiska bezpe\u010dnosti a spo\u013eahlivosti VPS prevy\u0161uje tradi\u010dn\u00fd hosting, sta\u010d\u00ed iba v\u010das aktualizova\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 programy.<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 je lacnej\u0161ia?<\/h2>\n

E\u0161te pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi bola odpove\u010f na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 \u2014 pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch jej nedostatkoch bola izba v spolo\u010dnom byte ove\u013ea lacnej\u0161ia ako samostatn\u00fd byt. Odvetvie v\u0161ak nezaost\u00e1va a na trhu sa objavilo mno\u017estvo rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch VPS: u n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017eete prenaja\u0165<\/a> vlastn\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny server na Linux za 130 eur mesa\u010dne. Priemerne mesa\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na ekonomick\u00fd VPS sa pohybuj\u00fa od 150 do 250 eur, pri tak\u00fdchto cen\u00e1ch nem\u00e1 zmysel akceptova\u0165 probl\u00e9my tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho hostingu, okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f je potrebn\u00e9 umiestni\u0165 najjednoduch\u0161ie webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Okrem toho tarifn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny virtu\u00e1lneho hostingu obmedzuj\u00fa po\u010det webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok a datab\u00e1z, zatia\u013e \u010do na VPS s\u00fa klienti obmedzen\u00ed len kapacitou \u00falo\u017eiska a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami servera.<\/p>\n

\"Virtu\u00e1lny<\/a><\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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