{"id":55735,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:52","slug":"eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","title":{"rendered":"E\u0161te raz o DevOps a SRE","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na z\u00e1klade diskusie v chate AWS Minsk Community<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V poslednej dobe sa skuto\u010dne rozp\u00fatavaj\u00fa bitky o defin\u00edciu pojmov DevOps a SRE.
\nNapriek tomu, \u017ee diskusie na toto t\u00e9ma s\u00fa u\u017e niekedy vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00face, vr\u00e1tane m\u0148a, rozhodol som sa predlo\u017ei\u0165 svoju perspekt\u00edvu komunite Hubra. T\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch to zauj\u00edma, s\u00fa v\u00edtan\u00ed pod kat. A nech v\u0161etko za\u010dne odznova!
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pozadie<\/h4>\n

\nV d\u00e1vnych \u010dasoch \u017eila oddelen\u00e1 t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov softv\u00e9ru a administr\u00e1torov serverov. Prv\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161ne p\u00edsali k\u00f3d, druh\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac r\u00f4zne l\u00e1skypln\u00e9 slov\u00e1 vo\u010di prv\u00fdm, nastavovali servery, ob\u010das chodili za v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi a dost\u00e1vali na opl\u00e1tku vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00face \u201eu m\u0148a to be\u017e\u00ed bez probl\u00e9mov\u201c. Biznis \u010dakal na softv\u00e9r, v\u0161etko st\u00e1lo, ob\u010das sa pokazilo, v\u0161etci nerv\u00f3zne \u010dakali. Najm\u00e4 ten, kto za cel\u00fd tento chaos platil. Sl\u00e1vna l\u00e1skypln\u00e1 \u00e9ra. No, iste viete, odkia\u013e sa berie DevOps. <\/p>\n

Zrodenie DevOps prakt\u00edk<\/h4>\n

\nPotom pri\u0161li v\u00e1\u017eni p\u00e1ni a povedali \u2014 toto nie je priemysel, takto sa pracova\u0165 ned\u00e1. A priniesli modely \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu. Napr\u00edklad V-model.<\/p>\n

\"E\u0161te
\n\u010co teda vid\u00edme? Biznis prich\u00e1dza s konceptom, architekti navrhuj\u00fa rie\u0161enia, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri p\u00ed\u0161u k\u00f3d, a \u010falej \u2014 zlyhanie. Niektor\u00ed akosi testuj\u00fa produkt, niektor\u00ed ho nejako dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa koncov\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi a kdesi na v\u00fdstupe tohto z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho modelu sed\u00ed osamel\u00fd biznis objedn\u00e1vate\u013e a \u010dak\u00e1 na s\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 na\u010dasovanie. Pri\u0161li k z\u00e1veru \u2014 potrebuj\u00fa met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia tento proces zefekt\u00edvni\u0165. A rozhodli sa vytvori\u0165 praktiky, ktor\u00e9 by ich realizovali.<\/p>\n

Lyrick\u00e1 odbo\u010dka o tom, \u010do je praktika<\/b>
\nPod praktikou rozumiem spojenie technol\u00f3gie a discipl\u00edny. Pr\u00edklad \u2014 praktika opisovania infra\u0161trukt\u00fary k\u00f3dom v terraform. Discipl\u00edna je sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm opisova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru k\u00f3dom, t\u00e1 je vo vedom\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ra, a technol\u00f3gia \u2014 to je vlastne terraform.<\/p>\n

A rozhodli sa ich nazva\u0165 DevOps praktikami \u2014 mysl\u00edm, mali na mysli prechod od v\u00fdvoja k prev\u00e1dzke. Vymysleli r\u00f4zne zlo\u017eit\u00e9 veci \u2014 praktiky CI\/CD, praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa zakladaj\u00fa na princ\u00edpe IaC, tis\u00edce z nich. A za\u010dalo sa, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri p\u00ed\u0161u k\u00f3d, DevOps in\u017einieri transformuj\u00fa popis syst\u00e9mu vo forme k\u00f3du na funguj\u00face syst\u00e9my (\u00e1no, k\u00f3d je bohu\u017eia\u013e len popis, ale nie realiz\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mu), dod\u00e1vka be\u017e\u00ed, a tak \u010falej. V\u010deraj\u0161\u00ed administr\u00e1tori, ktor\u00ed ovl\u00e1dli nov\u00e9 praktiky, hrd\u00ed sa pre\u0161kvarili na DevOps in\u017einierov, a v\u0161etko sa rozbehlo. A bol ve\u010der, a bolo r\u00e1no\u2026 ospravedl\u0148ujem sa, nie odtia\u013e.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etko op\u00e4\u0165 nie je sl\u00e1va bohu<\/h4>\n

\nLen \u010do sa v\u0161etko ust\u00e1lilo, a r\u00f4zni pref\u00edkan\u00ed \u201emetodol\u00f3govia\u201c za\u010dali p\u00edsa\u0165 hrub\u00e9 knihy o DevOps praktik\u00e1ch, ticho sa rozpa\u013eovali debaty, kto vlastne je onen presl\u00e1ven\u00fd DevOps in\u017einier a \u010do DevOps \u2014 je to kult\u00fara v\u00fdroby, op\u00e4\u0165 vznikalo nespokojnos\u0165. Zrazu sa zistilo, \u017ee dod\u00e1vka softv\u00e9ru \u2014 absol\u00fatne netrivi\u00e1lna \u00faloha. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara m\u00e1 svoj vlastn\u00fd stack, niekde je potrebn\u00e9 zostavi\u0165, niekde rozbehn\u00fa\u0165 prostredie, tu je potrebn\u00fd tomcat, tam je potrebn\u00fd e\u0161te nejak\u00fd zlo\u017eit\u00fd sp\u00f4sob sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania \u2014 v\u0161eobecne, hlava prask\u00e1. A e\u0161te probl\u00e9m, ako sa uk\u00e1zalo, je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v organiz\u00e1cii procesov \u2014 t\u00e1to funkcia dod\u00e1vky, ako f\u013ea\u0161kov\u00e9 hrdlo, za\u010dala blokova\u0165 procesy. Navy\u0161e prev\u00e1dzka (Operations) sa nezru\u0161ila. V modeli V to nie je vidie\u0165, a tam je e\u0161te cel\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus napravo. Napokon treba nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom podporova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, sledova\u0165 monitoring, rie\u0161i\u0165 incidenty a e\u0161te sa zaobera\u0165 dod\u00e1vkou. T.j. sedie\u0165 jednou nohou aj vo v\u00fdvoji, aj v prev\u00e1dzke \u2014 a zrazu vznikol tak\u00fd Development & Operations. A tu e\u0161te pri\u0161iel masov\u00fd hype na mikroslu\u017eby. A s nimi za\u010dala v\u00fdvoj z lok\u00e1lnych strojov pres\u00fava\u0165 do cloudu \u2014 sk\u00fas nie\u010do odladit lok\u00e1lne, ak je tu desiatky a stovky mikroslu\u017eieb, tu u\u017e sa st\u00e1va trval\u00e1 dod\u00e1vka prostriedkom pre\u017eitia. Pre \u201emal\u00fa skromn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165\u201c e\u0161te celkom akceptovate\u013en\u00e9, ale aj tak? A Google?<\/p>\n

SRE od Google<\/h4>\n

\nPri\u0161iel Google, zjedol najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie kaktusy a rozhodol sa \u2014 tak\u00e9to veci nepotrebujeme, potrebujeme spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. A spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 treba riadi\u0165. A rozhodol sa \u2014 potrebujeme odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa riadi\u0165 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. Nazval ich SR in\u017einiermi a povedal, m\u00e1te v\u0161etko, urobte to, ako obvykle, dobre. Tu m\u00e1te SLI, tu m\u00e1te SLO, tu m\u00e1te monitorovanie. A uk\u00e1zal prstom na operations. A nazval svoj \u201espo\u013eahliv\u00fd DevOps\u201c SRE. V\u0161etko vyzeralo dobre, ale existuje jeden \u0161pinav\u00fd hack, ktor\u00fd si Google mohol dovoli\u0165 \u2014 na poz\u00edciu SR in\u017einierov zamestn\u00e1va\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed mali kvalifik\u00e1ciu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a e\u0161te trochu rozumeli fungovaniu pracovn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. A dokonca aj s n\u00e1borom tak\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed m\u00e1 Google probl\u00e9my \u2014 hlavne preto, \u017ee tu s\u00e1m so sebou s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed \u2014 ve\u010f aj biznis logiku mus\u00ed niekto opisova\u0165. Dod\u00e1vky prenechal release in\u017einierom, SR in\u017einieri riadia spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 (jasn\u00e9, nie priamo, ale ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00edm infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, zmenou architekt\u00fary, sledovan\u00edm zmien a ukazovate\u013eov, rie\u0161en\u00edm incidentov). Pekne, m\u00f4\u017eeme p\u00edsa\u0165 knihy<\/a><\/noindex>. A \u010do robi\u0165, ak nie ste Google, a predsa v\u00e1s spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 nejako tr\u00e1pi?<\/p>\n

Rozvoj my\u0161lienok DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nTu sa pr\u00e1ve objavil Docker, ktor\u00fd vyr\u00e1stol z lxc, a potom aj r\u00f4zne orchestra\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ako Docker Swarm a Kubernetes, a DevOps in\u017einieri si vyd\u00fdchli \u2014 unifik\u00e1cia prakt\u00edk zjednodu\u0161ila dod\u00e1vku. Zjednodu\u0161ila tak, \u017ee sa stalo mo\u017en\u00e9 dokonca delegova\u0165 dod\u00e1vku na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov \u2014 ve\u010f \u010do to je deployment.yaml. Kontejnoriz\u00e1cia rie\u0161i probl\u00e9m. A zrelos\u0165 syst\u00e9mov CI\/CD u\u017e dosiahla \u00farove\u0148, kde nap\u00ed\u0161e\u0161 jeden s\u00fabor a v\u0161etko sa rozbehne \u2014 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri si poradia sami. A tu za\u010d\u00edname hovori\u0165, ako si urobi\u0165 vlastn\u00fd SRE, s\u2026 hocik\u00fdm. <\/p>\n

SRE nie je v Google<\/h4>\n

\nNo dobre, doru\u010denie sme odovzdali, zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme vyd\u00fdchnu\u0165 a vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa k star\u00fdm dobr\u00fdm \u010dasom, ke\u010f administr\u00e1tori sledovali za\u0165a\u017eenie procesorov, ladili syst\u00e9my a potichu si vychutn\u00e1vali nie\u010do nejasn\u00e9 v tichu a pokoji\u2026 Zastavte. Neboli sme kv\u00f4li tomu v\u0161etk\u00e9mu, \u010do sme robili (\u0161koda!). Zrazu sa ukazuje, \u017ee v pr\u00edstupe Google m\u00f4\u017eeme \u010derpa\u0165 vynikaj\u00face praktiky \u2014 nie za\u0165a\u017eenie procesorov je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, a nie to, ako \u010dasto men\u00edme disky, alebo v cloude optimalizujeme n\u00e1klady, ale obchodn\u00e9 metriky \u2014 tie ist\u00e9 presl\u00e1ven\u00e9 SLx. A spr\u00e1va infra\u0161trukt\u00fary nebola zru\u0161en\u00e1, incidenty sa musia rie\u0161i\u0165, je potrebn\u00e9 ob\u010das d\u0148a st\u00e1\u0165 na poste a v\u00f4bec by\u0165 v obraze oh\u013eadom obchodn\u00fdch procesov. A chalani, za\u010dnite u\u017e pomaly programova\u0165 na dobrej \u00farovni, Google u\u017e na v\u00e1s \u010dak\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Shrnutie. Zrazu, ale u\u017e ste unaven\u00ed \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a te\u0161\u00edte sa, \u017ee nap\u00ed\u0161ete autorovi koment\u00e1r k \u010dl\u00e1nku. DevOps ako praktika dod\u00e1vky bol, je a bude. A nikam nezmizne. SRE ako s\u00fabor prakt\u00edk prev\u00e1dzky rob\u00ed t\u00fato dod\u00e1vku \u00faspe\u0161nou.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435 AWS Minsk Community \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f DevOps \u0438 SRE. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432 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