{"id":55800,"date":"2020-01-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:57","slug":"ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr","title":{"rendered":"\u0160etr\u00edme na licenci\u00e1ch Mikrotik CHR","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V Telegrame @router_os<\/a><\/noindex> \u010dasto v\u00edd\u00edm ot\u00e1zky o tom, ako u\u0161etri\u0165 pri k\u00fape licencie od Mikrotik alebo ako zadarmo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 RouterOS. Ako to znie prekvapivo, ale tak\u00e9to sp\u00f4soby existuj\u00fa a s\u00fa v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\n\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa nebudem zaobera\u0165 licencovan\u00edm hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed Mikrotik, preto\u017ee v nich je na v\u00fdrobu nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 maxim\u00e1lna licencia, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017ee hardv\u00e9r obsl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Odkia\u013e pri\u0161iel Mikrotik CHR?<\/h2>\n

\nSpolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mikrotik vyr\u00e1ba r\u00f4zne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia a na ne in\u0161taluje univerz\u00e1lny opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m vlastnej v\u00fdroby \u2014 RouterOS. Tento opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fa funkcionalitu a preh\u013eadn\u00e9 rozhranie spr\u00e1vy, a zariadenia, na ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edva, s\u00fa ve\u013emi cenovo dostupn\u00e9, \u010do vysvet\u013euje jeho \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie.<\/p>\n

Na pou\u017e\u00edvanie RouterOS mimo ich zariaden\u00ed spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mikrotik vydala verziu x86, ktor\u00fa bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 na ak\u00fdko\u013evek PC, \u010do umo\u017enilo da\u0165 druh\u00fd \u017eivot star\u00e9mu hardv\u00e9ru. Ale licencia bola viazan\u00e1 na hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla zariaden\u00ed, na ktor\u00e9 sa in\u0161talovala. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak HDD zlyh\u00e1, tak sa m\u00f4\u017eete rozl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 aj s licenciou...<\/p>\n

Licencovanie <\/a><\/noindex> a RouterOS x86 obsahuje 6 \u00farovn\u00ed a mno\u017estvo parametrov:<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nVerzia x86 mala e\u0161te jeden probl\u00e9m - ve\u013emi sa nekamar\u00e1tila s hyperv\u00edzormi ako hostite\u013esk\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Ale ak sa neo\u010dak\u00e1vala vysok\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, tak to bola celkom m\u00e1lo pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 verzia.
\nLeg\u00e1lna RouterOS x86 v trial verzii m\u00f4\u017ee plne fungova\u0165 len 24 hod\u00edn, a bezplatn\u00e1 verzia m\u00e1 mno\u017estvo obmedzen\u00ed. \u017diaden sysadmin nem\u00f4\u017ee plne ocenit cel\u00fd funk\u010dn\u00fd rozsah RouterOS za 24 hod\u00edn...<\/p>\n

Z pir\u00e1tskych zdrojov sa dal \u013eahko stiahnu\u0165 obraz virtu\u00e1lneho stroja s u\u017e nain\u0161talovanou RouterOS x86, samozrejme so svojimi probl\u00e9mami, ale mne to, napr\u00edklad, sta\u010dilo.<\/p>\n

\u201eAk nem\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 porazi\u0165 dav, sta\u0148 sa jeho l\u00eddrom\u201c<\/h2>\n

\nS \u010dasom rozumn\u00e9 vedenie spolo\u010dnosti Mikrotik zistilo, \u017ee boj s pir\u00e1tstvom je nemo\u017en\u00fd a je potrebn\u00e9 spravi\u0165 ich opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m neatrakt\u00edvny na kr\u00e1de\u017e. <\/p>\n

Tak vznikla odno\u017e RouterOS \u2014 \u201eCloud Hosted Router\u201c, tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako CHR<\/a><\/noindex>. Tento syst\u00e9m je optimalizovan\u00fd pr\u00e1ve na pr\u00e1cu na virtualiza\u010dnom syst\u00e9me. Obraz si m\u00f4\u017eete stiahnu\u0165 pod v\u0161etky be\u017en\u00e9 platformy virtualiz\u00e1cie: VHDX obraz, VMDK obraz, VDI obraz, OVA \u0161abl\u00f3na, Raw diskov\u00fd obraz. Posledn\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny disk je mo\u017en\u00e9 nasadi\u0165 prakticky na ak\u00fako\u013evek platformu. <\/p>\n

Takisto sa zmenil syst\u00e9m licencovania:<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Obmedzenie sa t\u00fdka iba r\u00fdchlosti sie\u0165ov\u00fdch portov. V bezplatnej verzii je to 1 Mbit\/s, \u010do sta\u010d\u00ed na vytvorenie virtu\u00e1lnych st\u00e1nkov (napr\u00edklad na EVE-NG<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Platen\u00e1 verzia na ofici\u00e1lnych str\u00e1nkach je ve\u013emi drah\u00e1, ale u ofici\u00e1lnych predajcov sa d\u00e1 k\u00fapi\u0165 o nie\u010do lacnej\u0161ie:<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nA ak v\u00e1m vyhovuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 1 Gbit\/s na portoch, licencia P1 v\u00e1m bude sta\u010di\u0165:
\n\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nNa\u010do je potrebn\u00fd CHR? Moje pr\u00edklady.<\/b>\u010casto po\u010dujem ot\u00e1zku: na\u010do je tento virtu\u00e1lny router? Tu s\u00fa p\u00e1r pr\u00edkladov, na \u010do ho osobne pou\u017e\u00edvam. Pros\u00edm, neotv\u00e1rajte h\u00e1dky o t\u00fdchto rie\u0161eniach, preto\u017ee nie s\u00fa t\u00e9mou tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Je to len pr\u00edklad pou\u017eitia.<\/p>\n

Centr\u00e1lny router na spojenie kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\n\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nNiekedy je potrebn\u00e9 spoji\u0165 nieko\u013eko kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed do jednej siete. Kancel\u00e1ria s siln\u00fdm internetov\u00fdm kan\u00e1lom a verejnou IP adresou neexistuje. Mo\u017eno, v\u0161etci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa Yotu, alebo kan\u00e1l m\u00e1 5 Mbit\/s. A e\u0161te poskytovate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee filtrova\u0165 nejak\u00e9 protokoly. Napr\u00edklad som si v\u0161imol, \u017ee L2TP cez poskytovate\u013ea \"Komfortel\" v Petrohrade sa jednoducho nenadv\u00e4zuje\u2026 <\/p>\n

V takomto pr\u00edpade som spustil CHR v d\u00e1tovom centre, kde d\u00e1vaj\u00fa stabiln\u00fd kan\u00e1l na jednu VDS (samozrejme, testoval som z v\u0161etk\u00fdch kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed). Tam sie\u0165 zriedkavo \u00faplne vypadne, na rozdiel od \u201ekancel\u00e1rskych\u201c poskytovate\u013eov. <\/p>\n

V\u0161etky kancel\u00e1rie a pou\u017e\u00edvatelia sa prip\u00e1jaj\u00fa k CHR cez VPN protokol, ktor\u00fd je pre nich najoptim\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad, mobiln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia (Android, iOS) sa skvele c\u00edtia na IPSec Xauth.<\/p>\n

Pri tom, ak sa medzi kancel\u00e1riou 1 a kancel\u00e1riou 2 synchronizuje datab\u00e1za o nieko\u013ek\u00fdch desiatkach gigabajtov, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e, ktor\u00fd sleduje kamery na objekte, si toho nev\u0161imne, preto\u017ee r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sa dostane do \u0161\u00edrky kan\u00e1la na koncovom zariaden\u00ed, nie do kan\u00e1la CHR. <\/p>\n

Br\u00e1na pre hyperv\u00edzor<\/h4>\n

\n\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nPri pren\u00e1jme mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estva serverov v d\u00e1tovom centre pre nieko\u013eko \u00faloh pou\u017e\u00edvam virtualiz\u00e1ciu VMware ESXi (m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ak\u00e1ko\u013evek in\u00e1, princ\u00edp sa nemen\u00ed), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje flexibilne spravova\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 zdroje a distribuova\u0165 ich medzi slu\u017ebami spusten\u00fdmi v hos\u0165uj\u00facich syst\u00e9moch.<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vu siete a bezpe\u010dnosti d\u00f4verujem CHR ako plnohodnotn\u00e9mu routeru, na ktorom spravujem cel\u00fa sie\u0165ov\u00fa aktivitu ako kontajnerov, tak aj vonkaj\u0161ej siete. <\/p>\n

Mimochodom, po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii ESXi fyzick\u00fd server nem\u00e1 bielu IPv4. Maxim\u00e1lne, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165, je IPv6 adresa. V takej situ\u00e1cii je jednoducho nemo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 hyperv\u00edzor jednoduch\u00fdm skenerom a vyu\u017ei\u0165 \"nov\u00fa zranite\u013enos\u0165\".<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 \u0161anca pre star\u00fd PC<\/h4>\n

\nZd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee som to u\u017e hovoril :-). Bez toho, aby ste k\u00fapili drah\u00fd smerova\u010d, m\u00f4\u017eete na starom PC na\u010falej spusti\u0165 CHR.<\/p>\n

Plnohodnotn\u00fd CHR zadarmo<\/h2>\n

\nNaj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa stret\u00e1vam s t\u00fdm, \u017ee h\u013eadaj\u00fa bezplatn\u00fd CHR na nasadenie proxy na zahrani\u010dnom VDS hostingu. A neplati\u0165 10 000 rub\u013eov za licenciu zo svojej mzdy sa im nechce.
\nMenej \u010dasto sa vyskytuje: extr\u00e9mne lakom\u00e9 vedenie, n\u00fatiace adminov budova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru z h***a a pal\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Trial na 60 dn\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\nS pr\u00edchodom CHR sa trial pred\u013a\u017eil z 24 hod\u00edn na 60 dn\u00ed! Povinn\u00fdm predpokladom jeho poskytnutia je autoriz\u00e1cia in\u0161tal\u00e1cie rovnak\u00fdm prihlasovac\u00edm menom a heslom, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1te na mikrotik.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nZ\u00e1znam o tejto in\u0161tal\u00e1cii sa objav\u00ed vo va\u0161om \u00fa\u010dte na str\u00e1nke:
\n\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n<\/p>\n

A trial sa skon\u010d\u00ed? \u010co \u010falej???<\/h4>\n

A ni\u010d! <\/p>\n

Porty bud\u00fa fungova\u0165 plnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a v\u0161etky funkcie bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzke...<\/p>\n

Len prestane dost\u00e1va\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1cie firmv\u00e9ru, \u010do nie je pre mnoh\u00fdch kritick\u00e9. Ak sa venova\u0165 dostato\u010dnej pozornosti bezpe\u010dnosti pri nastaven\u00ed, tak ani za roky nebude potrebn\u00e9 na\u0148 vstupova\u0165. Na \u010do sa treba osobitne zamera\u0165, som p\u00edsal v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku habr.com\/ru\/post\/359038<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

A ak predsa je potrebn\u00e9 aktualizova\u0165 firmv\u00e9r po skon\u010den\u00ed trialu?<\/h4>\n

\nTrial resetujeme nasleduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom:<\/p>\n

1. Vytvor\u00edme z\u00e1lohu.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\n2. Stiahneme si ju na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n

3. \u00daplne znovu nain\u0161talujeme CHR na VDS.<\/p>\n

4. Autorizujeme sa <\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nT\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa v osobnej z\u00f3ne na str\u00e1nke Mikrotik objav\u00ed inform\u00e1cia o \u010fal\u0161ej in\u0161tal\u00e1cii CHR<\/p>\n

5. Obnov\u00edme z\u00e1lohu.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nNastavenia s\u00fa obnoven\u00e9 a znova 60 dn\u00ed v rezerve! <\/p>\n

Nie je potrebn\u00e9 prein\u0161talova\u0165<\/h4>\n

\nPredstavme si, \u017ee m\u00e1te sto predajn\u00ed, kde ako smerova\u010d sl\u00fa\u017ei star\u00fd PC s CHR. Sledujete CVE a sna\u017e\u00edte sa r\u00fdchlo reagova\u0165 na zisten\u00e9 zranite\u013enosti.
\nRaz za dva mesiace prein\u0161talova\u0165 CHR na v\u0161etk\u00fdch objektoch \u2014 hl\u00fapa strata zdrojov admina.<\/p>\n

Ale existuje sp\u00f4sob, pri ktorom je potrebn\u00e1 aspo\u0148 jedna zak\u00fapen\u00e1 licencia CHR P1. 2 000 rub\u013eov m\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1js\u0165 prakticky ak\u00e1ko\u013evek firma, a ak nie, tak by ste mali ujs\u0165 odtia\u013e ^_^.<\/p>\n

My\u0161lienkou je leg\u00e1lne pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 licenciu cez osobn\u00fd \u00fa\u010det na mikrotik.com z zariadenia na zariadenie!<\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nVyber\u00e1me \u201eSystem ID\u201c pre n\u00e1\u0161 router. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160etr\u00edme
\n
\nA klikneme na \u201eTransfer subscription\u201c.<\/p>\n

Licencia sa \u201epresunula\u201c na nov\u00e9 zariadenie a star\u00e9 zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 pri\u0161lo o licenciu, bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek reinstal\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch krokov dostalo nov\u00fd 60-d\u0148ov\u00fd trial!<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s jednou licenciou je mo\u017en\u00e9 spravova\u0165 obrovsk\u00fd park CHR!<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mikrotik tak oslabila licen\u010dn\u00fa politiku?<\/h2>\n

\nV\u010faka pr\u00edstupnosti CHR spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mikrotik vytvorila obrovsk\u00e9 komunity okolo svojich produktov. Arm\u00e1da odborn\u00edkov a nad\u0161encov testuje ich produkt, vytv\u00e1ra reporty o objaven\u00fdch chyb\u00e1ch, generuje datab\u00e1zu vedomost\u00ed o r\u00f4znych pr\u00edpadoch at\u010f., in\u00fdmi slovami, spr\u00e1va sa ako \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd opensource projekt.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa nenakupuje len chaotick\u00e1 z\u00e1soba vedomost\u00ed vo virtu\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed, ale pripravuj\u00fa sa odborn\u00edci s dostato\u010dn\u00fdmi sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami s konkr\u00e9tnym syst\u00e9mom a preto preferuj\u00fa zariadenia ur\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobcu. A mana\u017e\u00e9ri firiem maj\u00fa tendenciu po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 svojich odborn\u00edkov. <\/p>\n

\u010co sto<\/b>\u00e1va dostupn\u00e9 \u0161kolenie a organizovan\u00e9 konferencie MUM! V \u0161pecializovanej komunite na Telegrame @router_os<\/a><\/noindex> moment\u00e1lne je viac ako 3000 \u013eud\u00ed, kde odborn\u00edci diskutuj\u00fa o rie\u0161eniach r\u00f4znych \u00faloh. Ale to s\u00fa t\u00e9my jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov. <\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom spolo\u010dnosti Mikrotik generuje hlavn\u00fa ziskovos\u0165 predajom zariaden\u00ed, nie licenci\u00ed za 45 dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

Tu a teraz sledujeme r\u00fdchly rast IT giganta, ktor\u00fd sa objavil relat\u00edvne ned\u00e1vno \u2014 v roku 1997 v Loty\u0161sku.<\/p>\n

Nebudem prekvapen\u00fd, ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 D-Link ohl\u00e1si vydanie \u010fal\u0161ieho routera pod spr\u00e1vou RouterOS od Mikrotik. Tak\u00e9to situ\u00e1cie sa v hist\u00f3rii st\u00e1vali viackr\u00e1t. Spome\u0148te si aspo\u0148 na to, ke\u010f Apple opustila vlastn\u00e9 PowerPC v prospech procesorov Intel.<\/p>\n

D\u00fafam, \u017ee tento \u010dl\u00e1nok rozpt\u00fdlil \u010das\u0165 va\u0161ich pochybnost\u00ed o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed produktov od Mikrotik.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c-\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435 @router_os \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 Mikrotik, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f RouterOS, \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0443. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 Mikrotik, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c 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