{"id":72068,"date":"2020-03-01T14:51:16","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T11:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/lets-encrypt-vydal-milliard-sertifikatov"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:01","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:01","slug":"lets-encrypt-vydal-milliard-sertifikatov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/lets-encrypt-vydal-milliard-sertifikatov","title":{"rendered":"Let\u2019s Encrypt vydal miliardu certifik\u00e1tov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Let\u2019s27. febru\u00e1r 2020 bezplatn\u00e9 certifika\u010dn\u00e9 stredisko Let's Encrypt ktor\u00e1 vydala miliardov\u00fd certifik\u00e1t<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

V sl\u00e1vnostnej tla\u010dovej spr\u00e1ve predstavitelia projektu spom\u00ednaj\u00fa, \u017ee predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci m\u00ed\u013enik sa oslavoval pri 100 mili\u00f3noch vydan\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov v j\u00fani 2017<\/a><\/noindex>. Vtedy podiel HTTPS traffic na internete predstavoval 58 % (v USA \u2013 64 %). Za dva a pol roka sa \u010d\u00edsla v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ili: \u201eDnes 81 % na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch str\u00e1nok na celom svete pou\u017e\u00edva HTTPS, a v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch sme na \u00farovni 91%! \u2013 te\u0161ia sa chlapci z projektu. \u2013 Neuverite\u013en\u00fd \u00faspech. To je ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 s\u00fakromia a bezpe\u010dnosti pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch.\u201c <\/p>\n

Let's Encrypt zohral ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri tom, aby sa HTTPS certifik\u00e1ty stali be\u017en\u00fdm \u0161tandardom a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 \u0161ifrovanie prev\u00e1dzky sa stalo normou na internete.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nBeta testovanie inova\u010dn\u00e9ho certifika\u010dn\u00e9ho strediska Let's Encrypt sa za\u010dalo v decembri 2015. Jedine\u010dnou vlastnos\u0165ou nov\u00e9ho strediska bol fakt, \u017ee proces vyd\u00e1vania certifik\u00e1tov bol od za\u010diatku \u00faplne automatizovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Automatick\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia HTTPS na serveri prebieha v dvoch f\u00e1zach. V prvej f\u00e1ze agent informuje certifika\u010dn\u00fd \u00farad o pr\u00e1vach administr\u00e1tora servera na dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 meno. Napr\u00edklad, overenie m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 vytvorenie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho subdom\u00e9ny alebo nastavenie HTTP-resurcu s ur\u010dit\u00fdm URI v r\u00e1mci dom\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n

\"Let\u2019s
\n
\nLet\u2019s Encrypt identifikuje webov\u00fd server s be\u017eiacim agentom pomocou verejn\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da. Verejn\u00fd a s\u00fakromn\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d s\u00fa generovan\u00e9 agentom pred prv\u00fdm pripojen\u00edm k certifika\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00faradu. Po\u010das automatick\u00e9ho overovania agent vykon\u00e1va mno\u017estvo testov: napr\u00edklad, podpisuje verejn\u00fdm k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom z\u00edskan\u00e9 jednorazov\u00e9 heslo a predklad\u00e1 HTTP-resurc s ur\u010dit\u00fdm URI. Ak je digit\u00e1lny podpis spr\u00e1vny a v\u0161etky testy s\u00fa \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 - agentovi s\u00fa udelen\u00e9 pr\u00e1va na spr\u00e1vu certifik\u00e1tov pre dom\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n

\"Let\u2019s
\n
\nV druhej f\u00e1ze m\u00f4\u017ee agent po\u017eadova\u0165, aktualizova\u0165 a odvol\u00e1va\u0165 certifik\u00e1ty. Na automatick\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie certifik\u00e1tu sa pou\u017e\u00edva autentifika\u010dn\u00fd protokol triedy \u201echallenge-response\u201c (v\u00fdzva-odpove\u010f) pod n\u00e1zvom Automated Certificate Management Environment (ACME). V\u0161etky manipul\u00e1cie s certifik\u00e1tom sa realizuj\u00fa bez zastavenia webov\u00e9ho servera pomocou ACME klienta. Certbot<\/a><\/noindex>. Je jednoduch\u00fd na pou\u017eitie, funguje na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a je skvele zdokumentovan\u00fd. Existuje expertn\u00fd re\u017eim s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm s\u00faborom nastaven\u00ed. Okrem Certbotu existuje mno\u017estvo in\u00fdch ACME klientov<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 \u00faloha Let's Encrypt<\/h1>\n

\nLet's Encrypt zaznamenal skuto\u010dn\u00fa revol\u00faciu na trhu, kde predt\u00fdm dominovali komer\u010dn\u00e9 certifika\u010dn\u00e9 stredisk\u00e1. Teraz prakticky prestali poskytova\u0165 DV certifik\u00e1ty (certifik\u00e1ty s potvrden\u00edm dom\u00e9ny, Domain Validation), aj ke\u010f na\u010falej pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa certifik\u00e1ty s potvrden\u00edm organiz\u00e1cie (Organization Validation, OV) a certifik\u00e1ty s vysokou d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165ou (Extended Validation, EV), ktor\u00e9 Let's Encrypt nevyd\u00e1va, preto\u017ee ich nemo\u017eno automatizova\u0165. Napriek tomu ide o ni\u0161ov\u00fd tovar, zatia\u013e \u010do na masovom trhu neobmedzene dominuj\u00fa bezplatn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty Let's Encrypt.<\/p>\n

Let's Encrypt urobil automatizovan\u00e9 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie certifik\u00e1tov \u0161tandardom. Napriek kr\u00e1tkej \u017eivotnosti (90 dn\u00ed) automatizovan\u00fd proces odstra\u0148uje \"\u013eudsk\u00fd faktor\", ktor\u00fd tradi\u010dne predstavuje hlavn\u00fa zranite\u013enos\u0165 v oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti. Spr\u00e1vcovia dom\u00e9n \u010dasto jednoducho zab\u00fadaj\u00fa na predl\u017eovanie certifik\u00e1tov, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00fdpadky slu\u017eieb. Posledn\u00fd tak\u00fd incident sa stal s Microsoft Teams. 3. febru\u00e1ra 2020 tento servis pre spolupr\u00e1cu pre\u0161iel do offline re\u017eimu. kv\u00f4li expirovan\u00e9mu certifik\u00e1tu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Automatick\u00e1 v\u00fdmena certifik\u00e1tov prostredn\u00edctvom protokolu ACME vylu\u010duje mo\u017enos\u0165 podobn\u00fdch incidentov.<\/p>\n

Hoci projekt Let's Encrypt obsluhuje polovicu internetu, v re\u00e1lnom svete ide o mal\u00fa neziskov\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu: \"Za tieto dva a pol roka na\u0161a organiz\u00e1cia vyr\u00e1stla, ale len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo! \u2013 p\u00ed\u0161u oni. \u2013 V j\u00fani 2017 sme obsluhovali pribli\u017ene 46 mili\u00f3nov webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok s 11 st\u00e1lymi zamestnancami a ro\u010dn\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtom 2,61 mili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov. Dnes obsluhujeme takmer 192 mili\u00f3nov webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok so 13 st\u00e1lymi zamestnancami a ro\u010dn\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtom pribli\u017ene 3,35 mili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obsluhujeme viac ne\u017e \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t viac str\u00e1nok s dvoma dodato\u010dn\u00fdmi zamestnancami a 28-percentn\u00fdm n\u00e1rastom rozpo\u010dtu.\"<\/p>\n

Podpora projektu sa realizuje prostredn\u00edctvom darov<\/a><\/noindex> a sponzoringu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa HTTPS stal de facto \u0161tandardom na internete. Od minul\u00e9ho roka hlavn\u00e9 prehliada\u010de upozor\u0148uj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov na nebezpe\u010denstvo pripojenia k webov\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam, ktor\u00e9 ne\u0161ifruj\u00fa prenos cez HTTPS. Na tejto zmene bezpe\u010dnostnej krajiny m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd podiel Let\u2019s Encrypt.<\/p>\n

Navy\u0161e, Let\u2019s Encrypt doslova o\u017eivil infra\u0161trukt\u00faru verejn\u00fdch XMPP serverov<\/a><\/noindex>. Teraz Jabber funguje s d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdm \u0161ifrovan\u00edm ako na \u00farovni klient-server, tak aj server-server, pri\u010dom absol\u00fatna v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina certifik\u00e1tov bola vydan\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Let\u2019s Encrypt.<\/p>\n

\"Let\u2019s
\n
\n\u201eAko komunita sme dosiahli neuverite\u013en\u00e9 veci na ochranu \u013eud\u00ed na internete,\u201c uv\u00e1dza sa v tla\u010dovej spr\u00e1ve<\/a><\/noindex>. \u201eVydanie jedn\u00e9ho miliardy certifik\u00e1tov potvrdzuje v\u0161etok pokrok, ktor\u00fd sme ako komunita dosiahli.\u201c
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

27 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Let’s Encrypt \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441-\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 100\u00a0\u043c\u043b\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f HTTPS-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 58% (\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410\u00a0\u2014 64%). \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438: \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f 81% \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Let\u2019s Encrypt vydal jednu miliardu certifik\u00e1tov | ProHoster","description":"27. febru\u00e1ra 2020 bezplatn\u00e9ho certifika\u010dn\u00e9ho 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