{"id":72966,"date":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti"},"modified":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","slug":"chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Historicky s\u00fa pr\u00edkazov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje v syst\u00e9moch Unix lep\u0161ie vyvinut\u00e9 ako vo Windows, av\u0161ak s pr\u00edchodom nov\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia sa situ\u00e1cia zmenila.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom automatizova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu rutinn\u00fdch \u00faloh. Umo\u017e\u0148uje meni\u0165 nastavenia, zastavova\u0165 a sp\u00fa\u0161ta\u0165 slu\u017eby, ako aj spravova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pova\u017eova\u0165 modr\u00e9 okno za \u010fal\u0161\u00ed interpret pr\u00edkazov by bolo nespr\u00e1vne. Tento pr\u00edstup neodr\u00e1\u017ea podstatu inov\u00e1ci\u00ed pon\u00fakan\u00fdch spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Microsoft. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa mo\u017enosti Windows PowerShell ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161ie: v s\u00fabore \u010dl\u00e1nkov sa pok\u00fasime objasni\u0165, \u010d\u00edm sa rie\u0161enie Microsoftu l\u00ed\u0161i od n\u00e1m zn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/57911997d520dd5eeef9d87ddcecb125.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nSamozrejme, Windows PowerShell je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok so skriptovac\u00edm jazykom, ktor\u00fd bol p\u00f4vodne vytvoren\u00fd na z\u00e1klade platformy .NET Framework a nesk\u00f4r \u2013 na .NET Core. Na rozdiel od shellov, ktor\u00e9 prij\u00edmaj\u00fa a vracaj\u00fa textov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, Windows PowerShell pracuje s .NET triedami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vlastnosti a met\u00f3dy. PowerShell umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, ako aj poskytuje pr\u00edstup k objektom COM, WMI a ADSI. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa v r\u00f4znych \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1ch, ako je s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m alebo registry Windows, pri\u010dom pre pr\u00edstup k nim s\u00fa vytvoren\u00ed tzv. dod\u00e1vatelia. V\u0161imnite si mo\u017enos\u0165 integr\u00e1cie vykonate\u013en\u00fdch komponentov PowerShell do in\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na vykonanie r\u00f4znych oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane prostredn\u00edctvom grafick\u00e9ho rozhrania. Plat\u00ed aj naopak: mnoh\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie pre Windows poskytuj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k svojim riadiacim rozhraniam prostredn\u00edctvom PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell umo\u017e\u0148uje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Meni\u0165 nastavenia opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu;<\/li>\n<li>Spravova\u0165 slu\u017eby a procesy;<\/li>\n<li>Nastavova\u0165 \u00falohy a komponenty servera;<\/li>\n<li>In\u0161talova\u0165 softv\u00e9r;<\/li>\n<li>Spravova\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00fd softv\u00e9r prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161peci\u00e1lnych rozhran\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Integr\u00e1cia vykonate\u013en\u00fdch komponentov do in\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 skripty na automatiz\u00e1ciu administrat\u00edvnych \u00faloh;<\/li>\n<li>Pracova\u0165 so s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, registrami Windows, \u00falo\u017eiskom certifik\u00e1tov at\u010f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Riadok a v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prostredie<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows PowerShell existuje ve dvou form\u00e1ch: krom\u011b emul\u00e1toru konzole s p\u0159\u00edkazovou \u0159adou je zde integrovan\u00e9 skriptovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (Integrated Scripting Environment \u2014 ISE). Pro p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9mu rozhran\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed vybrat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed zkratku v nab\u00eddce Windows nebo spustit powershell.exe z nab\u00eddky \u201eSpustit\u201c. Na obrazovce se objev\u00ed modr\u00e9 okno, kter\u00e9 se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi od zastaral\u00e9ho cmd.exe. Nab\u00edz\u00ed automatick\u00e9 dokon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed funkce obvykl\u00e9 pro u\u017eivatele p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed Unixov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2b2d6fa0a82530ddedc7c106160a883e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pro pr\u00e1ci s prost\u0159ed\u00edm je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0160ipky nahoru a dol\u016f proch\u00e1zej\u00ed histori\u00ed pro opakov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve zadan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ipka vpravo na konci \u0159\u00e1dku p\u0159episuje p\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz po znac\u00edch;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+Home odstran\u00ed zadan\u00fd text od pozice kurzoru a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0159\u00e1dku;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+End odstran\u00ed text od kurzoru a\u017e do konce \u0159\u00e1dku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nF7 zobrazuje okno se zadan\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edkazy a umo\u017e\u0148uje vybrat jeden z nich. V konzoli rovn\u011b\u017e funguje v\u00fdb\u011br textu my\u0161\u00ed, kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlo\u017een\u00ed, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed kurzoru, maz\u00e1n\u00ed, backspace \u2013 v\u0161e tak, jak to m\u00e1me r\u00e1di.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/217b3584c4ffbbfaea8f4fcd97512505.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nWindows PowerShell ISE je plnohodnotn\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed s editorem k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd podporuje karty a zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed syntaxe, konstruov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, vestav\u011bn\u00fd debugger a dal\u0161\u00ed program\u00e1torsk\u00e9 radosti. Pokud v editoru v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nap\u00ed\u0161ete za n\u00e1zvem p\u0159\u00edkazu poml\u010dku, vyskakuj\u00edc\u00ed seznam zobraz\u00ed v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 parametry s uveden\u00edm typu. PowerShell ISE lze spustit bu\u010f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zkratky v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m menu, nebo pomoc\u00ed spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru powershell_ise.exe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/f80df64ede3d89759757c87709d62155.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Cmdlety\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nVo Windows PowerShell sa objavili tzv. cmdlety. Ide o \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 triedy .NET, do ktor\u00fdch je zabudovan\u00e1 r\u00f4znorod\u00e1 funk\u010dnos\u0165. Naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa sa pod\u013ea princ\u00edpu \"Akcia-Objekt\" (alebo \"Sloveso-Podstatn\u00e9 meno\", ak v\u00e1m to viac vyhovuje), a rozdelen\u00fd poml\u010dkou p\u00e1r pripom\u00edna pr\u00edsudok a podmet v prirodzen\u00fdch jazykoch. Napr\u00edklad Get-Help doslova znamen\u00e1 \"Z\u00edska\u0165-Pomoc\" alebo v kontexte PowerShell: \"Zobrazi\u0165-Pomoc\". V podstate to je anal\u00f3g pr\u00edkazu man v syst\u00e9moch Unix a manu\u00e1ly v PowerShell je treba \u017eiada\u0165 pr\u00e1ve takto, a nie vyvol\u00e1van\u00edm cmdletov s k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom &#8212;help alebo \\\/?. Nezab\u00fadajte ani na online dokument\u00e1ciu k PowerShell: na str\u00e1nkach Microsoftu je celkom podrobn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem pr\u00edkazu Get sa v cmdletoch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 (a nielen sloves\u00e1, pr\u00edsne vzat\u00e9). Ni\u017e\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzame nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov:<\/p>\n<p><code>Prida\u0165<\/code> \u2014 prida\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Vymaza\u0165<\/code> \u2014 vy\u010disti\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Povoli\u0165<\/code> \u2014 povoli\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Zak\u00e1za\u0165<\/code> \u2014 zak\u00e1za\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Nov\u00fd<\/code> \u2014 vytvori\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Odstr\u00e1ni\u0165<\/code> \u2014 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Nastavi\u0165<\/code> \u2014 nastavi\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Spusti\u0165<\/code> \u2014 spusti\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Zastavi\u0165<\/code> \u2014 zastavi\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Exportova\u0165<\/code> \u2014 exportova\u0165;<br \/>\n<code>Importova\u0165<\/code> \u2014 importova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa syst\u00e9mov\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 a volite\u013en\u00e9 cmdlety: v\u00fdsledkom vykonania sa v\u017edy vracia objekt alebo pole objektov. Na ve\u013ekos\u0165 p\u00edsmen nie s\u00fa citliv\u00e9, t.j. z poh\u013eadu interpreta pr\u00edkazov nie je medzi Get-Help a get-help \u017eiaden rozdiel. Na rozdelenie sa pou\u017e\u00edva symbol ';', ale ten je potrebn\u00e9 uvies\u0165 iba v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sa na jednom riadku vykon\u00e1va nieko\u013eko cmdletov.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Cmdlety Windows PowerShell s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 do modulov (NetTCPIP, Hyper-V a pod.), a na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie pod\u013ea objektu a akcie existuje cmdlet Get-Command. Pomoc k nemu m\u00f4\u017eete zobrazi\u0165 takto:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/394c5af2fa8183b22403848f07756118.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea predvolen\u00e9ho nastavenia pr\u00edkaz zobrazuje stru\u010dn\u00fa pomoc, ale do cmdletov sa v pr\u00edpade potreby pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa parametre (argumenty). S ich pomocou m\u00f4\u017eete napr\u00edklad z\u00edska\u0165 podrobn\u00e9 (parameter -Detailed) alebo \u00fapln\u00e9 (parameter -Full) inform\u00e1cie a taktie\u017e zobrazi\u0165 pr\u00edklady (parameter -Examples):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command -Examples<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPomoc v syst\u00e9me Windows PowerShell sa aktualizuje cmdletom Update-Help. Ak je pr\u00edkaz pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00fd, argumenty cmdletu m\u00f4\u017eete prenies\u0165 na nasleduj\u00faci riadok tak, \u017ee nap\u00ed\u0161ete znakom '`, a stla\u010d\u00edte Enter \u2014 jednoducho ukon\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edkaz na jednom riadku a pokra\u010dova\u0165 na druhom nebude fungova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzame nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch cmdletov:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code>Get-Process<\/code> \u2014 zobrazi\u0165 procesy be\u017eiace v syst\u00e9me;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Service<\/code> \u2014 zobrazi\u0165 slu\u017eby a ich stav;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Content<\/code> \u2014 zobrazi\u0165 obsah s\u00faboru.<\/p>\n<p>Pre \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 cmdlety a extern\u00e9 utilitky existuj\u00fa v syst\u00e9me Windows PowerShell kr\u00e1tke synonym\u00e1 \u2014 aliasy (z anglick\u00e9ho Alias). Napr\u00edklad, dir \u2014 alias Get-ChildItem. V zozname s\u00fa synonym\u00e1 aj ekvivalenty pr\u00edkazov z Unix syst\u00e9mov (ls, ps a pod.), a cmdlet Get-Help sa vol\u00e1 pr\u00edkazom help. \u00dapln\u00fd zoznam synonym m\u00f4\u017eete zobrazi\u0165 pomocou cmdletu Get-Alias:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/94f8cf9fd6c346e5b250d994ef1f7661.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Skripty, funkcie, moduly a jazyk PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nSkripty Windows PowerShell sa ukladaj\u00fa ako oby\u010dajn\u00e9 textov\u00e9 s\u00fabory s pr\u00edponou .ps1. Neda sa ich spusti\u0165 dvojit\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm: je potrebn\u00e9 prav\u00fdm tla\u010didlom my\u0161i vyvola\u0165 kontextov\u00e9 menu a zvoli\u0165 polo\u017eku \u201eSpusti\u0165 v PowerShell\u201c. Z konzoly je potrebn\u00e9 bu\u010f uvies\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa cestu k skriptu, alebo prejs\u0165 do pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ra a zada\u0165 n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru. Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie skriptov je tie\u017e obmedzen\u00e9 syst\u00e9movou politikou a na kontrolu aktu\u00e1lnych nastaven\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkaz Get-ExecutionPolicy, ktor\u00fd vr\u00e1ti jednu z nasleduj\u00facich hodn\u00f4t: <\/p>\n<p><code>Restricted<\/code> \u2014 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie skriptu je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 (predvolen\u00e9);<br \/>\n<code>AllSigned<\/code> \u2014 povolen\u00e9 je len sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie podp\u00edsan\u00fdch skriptov d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom;<br \/>\n<code>RemoteSigned<\/code> \u2014 povolen\u00e9 je sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie podp\u00edsan\u00fdch a vlastn\u00fdch skriptov;<br \/>\n<code>Unrestricted<\/code> \u2014 povolen\u00e9 je sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie ak\u00fdchko\u013evek skriptov.<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vca m\u00e1 dve mo\u017enosti. Najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia alternat\u00edva predpoklad\u00e1 podpisovanie skriptov, ale to je dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e1 \u00faloha \u2014 s t\u00fdm sa budeme zaobera\u0165 v nasleduj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch. Teraz p\u00f4jdeme cestou najmen\u0161ieho odporu a zmen\u00edme politiku:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/139949e0da3470b866d4b54f3e2a0498.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPowerShell na to bude potrebn\u00e9 spusti\u0165 s opr\u00e1vneniami spr\u00e1vcu, aj ke\u010f pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lneho parametra je mo\u017en\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 politiku aj pre aktu\u00e1lneho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p>Skripty s\u00fa nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v objektovo-orientovanom programovacom jazyku, pri\u010dom pr\u00edkazy sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa pod\u013ea toho ist\u00e9ho princ\u00edpu, ako vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy: \u201eAkcia-Objekt\u201c (\u201eSloveso-Podstatn\u00e9 meno\u201c). Jeho hlavn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delom je automatiz\u00e1cia administrat\u00edvnych \u00faloh, ale ide o plnohodnotn\u00fd interpretovan\u00fd jazyk, v ktorom s\u00fa v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie: podmienkov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, cykly, premenn\u00e9, polia, objekty, spracovanie ch\u00fdb a podobne. Na p\u00edsanie skriptov je vhodn\u00fd ak\u00fdko\u013evek textov\u00fd editor, ale najpohodlnej\u0161ie je spusti\u0165 Windows PowerShell ISE.<\/p>\n<p>Do skriptu m\u00f4\u017eete odovzd\u00e1va\u0165 parametre, robi\u0165 ich povinn\u00fdmi, a tie\u017e nastavova\u0165 predvolen\u00e9 hodnoty. Okrem toho Windows PowerShell umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 funkcie a vola\u0165 ich presne tak, ako pr\u00edkazy: na to sa pou\u017e\u00edva kon\u0161trukcia Function a zlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky. Skript s funkciami sa naz\u00fdva modul a m\u00e1 pr\u00edponu .psm1. Moduly by sa mali uklada\u0165 do adres\u00e1rov definovan\u00fdch v prostrediach PowerShell. Pozrie\u0165 si ich m\u00f4\u017eete pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-ChildItem Env:PSModulePath | Format-Table -AutoSize<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Konvek\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy<\/h2>\n<p>\nV poslednom pr\u00edklade sme pou\u017eili zn\u00e1mu \u0161trukt\u00faru pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov shellov Unixov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. V PowerShell Windowsu tie\u017e vertik\u00e1lna \u010diara umo\u017e\u0148uje prenies\u0165 v\u00fdstup jedn\u00e9ho pr\u00edkazu na vstup in\u00e9ho, ale v implement\u00e1cii konvejra existuj\u00fa aj podstatn\u00e9 rozdiely: ide tu o objekty alebo pole objektov, a tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu prij\u00edma\u0165 na vstupe. Tak ako v Bourne shelle a jeho mnoh\u00fdch n\u00e1stupcoch, aj v PowerShelle sa pomocou konvejra zjednodu\u0161uje vykon\u00e1vanie zlo\u017eit\u00fdch \u00faloh.<\/p>\n<p>Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad konvejra vyzer\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0bb6e0e00d97d23fa2384d40c7419d71.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNajprv sa vykon\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz Get-Service a potom sa v\u0161etky z\u00edskan\u00e9 slu\u017eby prenes\u00fa na triedenie pod\u013ea vlastnosti Status pr\u00edkazu Sort-Object. Do ktor\u00e9ho presne argumentu sa pred\u00e1va v\u00fdsledok predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho \u00faseku konvejra, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od jeho typu \u2014 zvy\u010dajne je to InputObject. Podrobnej\u0161ie sa t\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka bude prebera\u0165 v \u010dl\u00e1nku venovanom programovaciemu jazyku PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ak si to \u017eel\u00e1te, m\u00f4\u017eete re\u0165azec pokra\u010dova\u0165 a prenies\u0165 v\u00fdsledok pr\u00edkazu Sort-Object \u010fal\u0161iemu pr\u00edkazu (vykon\u00e1va\u0165 sa bud\u00fa z\u013eava doprava). Mimochodom, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom Windows je k dispoz\u00edcii aj zn\u00e1ma strat\u00e9gia pre po str\u00e1nkov\u00fd v\u00fdstup:\u00a0<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie \u00faloh na pozad\u00ed\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nCelkom \u010dasto potrebujete spusti\u0165 nejak\u00fd pr\u00edkaz na pozad\u00ed, aby ste ne\u010dakali na v\u00fdsledok jeho vykonania v rel\u00e1cii shellu. V PowerShell Windowsu existuje nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkazov pre tak\u00e9to pr\u00edpady:<\/p>\n<p><code>Start-Job<\/code> \u2014 spustenie \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed;<br \/>\n<code>Stop-Job<\/code> \u2014 zastavenie \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Job<\/code> \u2014 zobrazenie zoznamu \u00faloh na pozad\u00ed;<br \/>\n<code>Receive-Job<\/code> \u2014 zobrazenie v\u00fdsledku vykonania \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed;<br \/>\n<code>Remove-Job<\/code> \u2014 odstr\u00e1nenie \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed;<br \/>\n<code>Wait-Job<\/code> \u2014 prenesenie \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed sp\u00e4\u0165 do konzoly.<\/p>\n<p>Pre spustenie \u00falohy na pozad\u00ed pou\u017eijeme pr\u00edkaz Start-Job a v zlo\u017een\u00fdch z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch uvedieme pr\u00edkaz alebo mno\u017einu pr\u00edkazov:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Start-Job {Get-Service}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0a75c1f4af75e5aec66df909ca4adb70.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nS \u00falohami na pozad\u00ed v PowerShell Windowsu m\u00f4\u017eeme manipulova\u0165, ak pozn\u00e1me ich n\u00e1zvy. Najsk\u00f4r sa nau\u010dme ich zobrazi\u0165:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Job<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/664dba26ddcfb54bef79717c86f3c8ec.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTeraz uk\u00e1\u017eeme v\u00fdsledok vykonania \u00falohy Job1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Receive-Job Job1 | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/02d930327929af463cf506f9d90357e6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV\u0161etko je celkom jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Dia\u013ekov\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie pr\u00edkazov<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows PowerShell umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edkazy a skripty nielen na lok\u00e1lnom, ale aj na vzdialenom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a dokonca na celej skupine strojov. Na to existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mnoh\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy maj\u00fa parameter <code>-ComputerName<\/code>, ale t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom napr\u00edklad nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 potrubie;<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edkaz <code>Enter-PSSession<\/code> umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvori\u0165 interakt\u00edvnu rel\u00e1ciu na vzdialenom stroji;\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Pomocou pr\u00edkazu <code>Invoke-Command<\/code> je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edkazy alebo skripty na jednom alebo viacer\u00fdch vzdialen\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Verzie PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nOd svojho prv\u00e9ho vydania v roku 2006 sa PowerShell v\u00fdrazne zmenil. N\u00e1stroj je dostupn\u00fd pre mno\u017estvo syst\u00e9mov be\u017eiacich na r\u00f4znych hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch (x86, x86-64, Itanium, ARM): Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008\/2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows RT, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012\/2012 R2, Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, GNU\/Linux a OS X. Posledn\u00e9 vydanie 6.2 bolo spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 10. janu\u00e1ra 2018. Skripty nap\u00edsan\u00e9 pre star\u0161ie verzie s vysokou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bud\u00fa fungova\u0165 v nov\u0161\u00edch, av\u0161ak s retrokompatibilitou m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9my, preto\u017ee po\u010das rokov v\u00fdvoja v PowerShell pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov. Zistenie verzie pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho rozhrania nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 pomocou vlastnosti PSVersion zo vstavan\u00e9ho premennej $PSVersionTable:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">$PSVersionTable.PSVersion<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c2d422d1489f88ef8631ee82cc2f60c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nM\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e vyu\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Variable -Name PSVersionTable \u2013ValueOnly<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5cffcfe260243235e8f91a6c543191f7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTo ist\u00e9 sa rob\u00ed aj pomocou pr\u00edkazu Get-Host. V skuto\u010dnosti existuje mno\u017estvo mo\u017enost\u00ed, ale na ich pou\u017eitie je potrebn\u00e9 nau\u010di\u0165 sa jazyk PowerShell, \u010domu sa budeme venova\u0165 v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/490924\/\"><b>nasleduj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Zhrnutie\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nSpolo\u010dnosti Microsoft sa podarilo vytvori\u0165 naozaj mocn\u00fd pr\u00edkazov\u00fd shell s pohodln\u00fdm integrovan\u00fdm prostred\u00edm pre v\u00fdvoj skriptov. Na rozdiel od n\u00e1m zn\u00e1mych n\u00e1strojov zo sveta Unix sa vyzna\u010duje h\u013abkovou integr\u00e1ciou s opera\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami rodiny Windows, ako aj s softv\u00e9rom pre ne a platformou .NET Core. PowerShell m\u00f4\u017eeme nazva\u0165 objektovo orientovan\u00fdm shellom, preto\u017ee pr\u00edkazy a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 funkcie vracaj\u00fa objekty alebo polia objektov a m\u00f4\u017eu ich prij\u00edma\u0165 ako vstup. Mysl\u00edme si, \u017ee tento n\u00e1stroj by mali ovl\u00e1da\u0165 v\u0161etci spr\u00e1vcovia serverov na Windows: obdobie, ke\u010f mohli zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 bez pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku, je pre\u010d. Pokro\u010dil\u00fd pr\u00edkazov\u00fd shell je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 potrebn\u00fd na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">na\u0161ich lacn\u00fdch VPS, be\u017eiacich pod Windows Server Core<\/a><\/noindex>, ale to je u\u017e \u00faplne in\u00fd pr\u00edbeh.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u010co je Windows PowerShell a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei? \u010cas\u0165 1: z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0683e52726ae6d7def7206e5974a74b2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Len registrovan\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia sa m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 prieskumu. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prihl\u00e1ste sa<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Ak\u00e9 t\u00e9my by sme mali najprv rozobra\u0165 v nasleduj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch cyklu?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">53,2%<\/strong>Programovanie v PowerShell123<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">42,4%<\/strong>Funkcie a moduly PowerShell98<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">22,1%<\/strong>Ako podpisova\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 skripty?51<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">12,1%<\/strong>Pr\u00e1ca s \u00falo\u017eiskami prostredn\u00edctvom poskytovate\u013eov (providers)28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">57,6%<\/strong>Automatiz\u00e1cia administr\u00e1cie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov pomocou PowerShell133<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">30,7%<\/strong>Spr\u00e1va softv\u00e9ru a integr\u00e1cia spustite\u013en\u00fdch komponentov PowerShell do tret\u00edch produktov71<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Hlasovalo 231 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Zdr\u017ealo sa 37 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 Windows, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. Windows PowerShell \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447. \u0421 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. 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