{"id":75917,"date":"2020-03-29T13:42:35","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T11:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov"},"modified":"2020-03-29T13:42:35","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T11:42:35","slug":"rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre Aircrack-ng v Linuxe pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Ahojte v\u0161etci. V o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed spustenia kurzu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/2T7g\/\">\u201ePraktikum pre Kali Linux\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> sme pripravili pre v\u00e1s preklad zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre Aircrack-ng v Linuxe pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/f794182b2398b8742e8b706f279a857c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDne\u0161n\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka v\u00e1s obozn\u00e1mi so z\u00e1kladmi potrebn\u00fdmi na za\u010diatok pr\u00e1ce s bal\u00edkom <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>. Samozrejme, nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a pokry\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd scen\u00e1r. Preto bu\u010fte pripraven\u00ed na dom\u00e1cu pr\u00e1cu a vykon\u00e1vanie vlastn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. Na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">f\u00f3re<\/a><\/noindex> a v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=main\">s vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00facou a zrozumite\u013enou dokument\u00e1ciou (ako pr\u00edklad kvalitn\u00e9ho zhrnutia u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa uv\u00e1dza<\/a><\/noindex> existuje mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch tutori\u00e1lov a in\u00fdch u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee nepokr\u00fdva v\u0161etky kroky od za\u010diatku do konca, pr\u00edru\u010dka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=simple_wep_crack\">Simple WEP Crack<\/a><\/noindex> podrobnej\u0161ie vysvet\u013euje pr\u00e1cu s <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h3>Nastavenie zariadenia, in\u0161tal\u00e1cia Aircrack-ng<\/h3>\n<p>\n Prv\u00fdm krokom na zabezpe\u010denie spr\u00e1vnej \u010dinnosti <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> vo va\u0161om syst\u00e9me Linux je patchovanie a in\u0161tal\u00e1cia pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre va\u0161u sie\u0165ov\u00fa kartu. Mnoh\u00e9 karty pracuj\u00fa s viacer\u00fdmi ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi, niektor\u00e9 z nich poskytuj\u00fa potrebn\u00fa funkcionalitu na pou\u017eitie <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>, in\u00e9 nie. <\/p>\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 hovori\u0165 o tom, \u017ee potrebujete sie\u0165ov\u00fa kartu kompatibiln\u00fa s bal\u00edkom <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>. Teda hardv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd je plne kompatibiln\u00fd a m\u00f4\u017ee implementova\u0165 injekcie paketov. S kompatibilnou sie\u0165ovou kartou m\u00f4\u017eete prelomi\u0165 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fd pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod za menej ako hodinu.<\/p>\n<p>Aby ste ur\u010dili, do akej kateg\u00f3rie patr\u00ed va\u0161a karta, pre\u010d\u00edtajte si str\u00e1nku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatibility_drivers\">kompatibility hardv\u00e9ru<\/a><\/noindex>. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatible_cards\">Tutori\u00e1l: Je moja bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 karta kompatibiln\u00e1?<\/a><\/noindex>, ak neviete, ako pracova\u0165 s tabu\u013ekou. Napriek tomu v\u00e1m to nebr\u00e1ni pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed pr\u00edru\u010dky, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee nau\u010di\u0165 sa nie\u010do nov\u00e9 a overi\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 vlastnosti va\u0161ej karty.<\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010diatok mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, ak\u00fd \u010dipset sa pou\u017e\u00edva vo va\u0161ej sie\u0165ovej karte a ak\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d na\u0148 budete potrebova\u0165. Mus\u00edte to ur\u010di\u0165 pomocou inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho odseku. V sekcii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=install_drivers\">drivers<\/a><\/noindex> sa dozviete, ak\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de potrebujete.<\/p>\n<h3>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia aircrack-ng<\/h3>\n<p>\n Najnov\u0161iu verziu aircrack-ng m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=main\">stiahnut\u00edm z hlavnej str\u00e1nky<\/a><\/noindex>, alebo m\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 distrib\u00faciu na testovanie prenikania, ako je Kali Linux alebo Pentoo, kde je nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 najnov\u0161ia verzia <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Aby ste nain\u0161talovali aircrack-ng, obr\u00e1\u0165te sa na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=install_aircrack\">dokument\u00e1ciu na str\u00e1nke in\u0161tal\u00e1cie<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1klady IEEE 802.11<\/h3>\n<p>\n Dobre, teraz, ke\u010f je v\u0161etko pripraven\u00e9, je \u010das urobi\u0165 si prest\u00e1vku, ne\u017e za\u010dneme kona\u0165, a dozvedie\u0165 sa nie\u010do o tom, ako funguj\u00fa bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 siete. <\/p>\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 nasleduj\u00facu \u010das\u0165, aby ste mohli zisti\u0165, \u010do robi\u0165, ak nie\u010do nefunguje tak, ako sa o\u010dak\u00e1va. Pochopenie toho, ako to v\u0161etko funguje, v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1js\u0165 probl\u00e9m alebo aspo\u0148 spr\u00e1vne ho pop\u00edsa\u0165, aby v\u00e1m mohol niekto in\u00fd pom\u00f4c\u0165. Toto je tro\u0161ku zlo\u017eit\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 a mo\u017eno by ste ju chceli presko\u010di\u0165. Av\u0161ak, na hackovanie bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 znalosti, a preto hackovanie je tro\u0161ku viac ne\u017e len zada\u0165 jeden pr\u00edkaz a necha\u0165 aircrack, aby to v\u0161etko urobil za v\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako n\u00e1js\u0165 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fa sie\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>\n T\u00e1to \u010das\u0165 je kr\u00e1tkym \u00favodom do spravovan\u00fdch siet\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa s pr\u00edstupov\u00fdmi bodmi (Access Point, AP). Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod odosiela okolo 10 takzvan\u00fdch beacon r\u00e1mcov (beacon frame) za sekundu. Tieto pakety obsahuj\u00fa nasleduj\u00face inform\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1zov siete (ESSID);<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa \u0161ifrovanie (a ak\u00e9 \u0161ifrovanie sa pou\u017e\u00edva, ale majte na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee tieto inform\u00e1cie nemusia by\u0165 pravdiv\u00e9 len preto, \u017ee pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod ich oznamuje);<\/li>\n<li>Ak\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti prenosu \u00fadajov s\u00fa podporovan\u00e9 (v MBit);<\/li>\n<li>Na akom kan\u00e1li sa nach\u00e1dza sie\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tieto inform\u00e1cie sa zobrazuj\u00fa v n\u00e1stroji, ktor\u00fd sa prip\u00e1ja konkr\u00e9tne k tejto sieti. Zobrazuj\u00fa sa, ke\u010f povol\u00edte karte skenova\u0165 siete pomocou <code><code>iwlist &lt;<\/code>interface&gt; scan<\/code> a ke\u010f vykon\u00e1te <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fa MAC adresu (48 bitov, 6 p\u00e1rov hexadecim\u00e1lnych \u010d\u00edsiel). Vyzer\u00e1 to pribli\u017ene takto: 00:01:23:4A:BC:DE. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenie m\u00e1 tak\u00fa adresu a sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia navz\u00e1jom komunikuj\u00fa pomocou t\u00fdchto adries. Tak\u017ee je to nie\u010do ako jedine\u010dn\u00e9 meno. MAC adresy s\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a neexistuj\u00fa dve zariadenia s rovnak\u00fdmi MAC adresami.<\/p>\n<h3>Pripojenie na sie\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>\nExistuje nieko\u013eko mo\u017enost\u00ed pripojenia k bezdr\u00f4tovej sieti. V drvivej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov sa pou\u017e\u00edva Open System Authentication. (Volite\u013ene: ak chcete vedie\u0165 viac o autentifik\u00e1cii, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/documentation.netgear.com\/reference\/fra\/wireless\/WirelessNetworkingBasics-3-06.html\">pre\u010d\u00edtajte si toto<\/a><\/noindex>.)<\/p>\n<p>Open System Authentication:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Po\u017eaduje autentifik\u00e1ciu pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu;<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod odpoved\u00e1: OK, ste autentifikovan\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Po\u017eaduje asoci\u00e1ciu pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu;<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod odpoved\u00e1: OK, ste pripojen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Toto je najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edpad, no probl\u00e9my nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa, ke\u010f nem\u00e1te pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, preto\u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa WPA\/WPA2 a potrebujete autentifik\u00e1ciu APOL. Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod odmietne odpove\u010f na druhom kroku.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod m\u00e1 zoznam povolen\u00fdch klientov (MAC adries) a nedovol\u00ed pripoji\u0165 nikoho in\u00e9ho. Toto sa naz\u00fdva filtrovanie pod\u013ea MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod pou\u017e\u00edva Shared Key Authentication, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00edte poskytn\u00fa\u0165 spr\u00e1vny WEP k\u013e\u00fa\u010d, aby ste sa pripojili. (Pozri sekciu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=shared_key\">\u201eAko urobi\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu s pou\u017eit\u00edm zdie\u013ean\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da?\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> aby ste sa dozvedeli viac o tomto)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Jednoduch\u00e9 sniffing a hacking <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Objavovanie siet\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>\nPrv\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa mus\u00edte urobi\u0165 \u2013 n\u00e1js\u0165 potenci\u00e1lny cie\u013e. V bal\u00edku aircrack-ng je na to <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex>, ale m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 aj in\u00e9 programy, ako napr\u00edklad, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kismetwireless.net\/\">Kismet<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dnete h\u013eada\u0165 siete, mus\u00edte svoju sie\u0165ov\u00fa kartu prepn\u00fa\u0165 do takzvan\u00e9ho \u201emonitoring m\u00f3du\u201c. Monitoring m\u00f3d je \u0161peci\u00e1lny m\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 pakety. Tento m\u00f3d tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 injekcie. O injekci\u00e1ch budeme hovori\u0165 nabud\u00face.<\/p>\n<p>Aby ste prepli sie\u0165ov\u00fa kartu do m\u00f3du monitorovania, pou\u017eite <i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airmon-ng\">airmon-ng<\/a><\/noindex><\/i>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airmon-ng start wlan0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tak vytvor\u00edte \u010fal\u0161ie rozhranie a prid\u00e1te k nemu <i>\u201emon\u201c<\/i>. Tak\u017ee, <i>wlan0<\/i> bude <i>wlan0mon<\/i>. Aby ste skontrolovali, \u010di je sie\u0165ov\u00e1 karta naozaj v m\u00f3de monitorovania, vykonajte <code>iwconfig<\/code> a uistite sa o tom sami. <\/p>\n<p>Potom spustite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex> na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie siet\u00ed:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airodump-ng wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ak <i>airodump-ng<\/i> ak sa nebude m\u00f4c\u0165 pripoji\u0165 k WLAN zariadeniu, uvid\u00edte nie\u010do podobn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre Aircrack-ng v Linuxe pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c554cbdf6f062b0aa7029cc257ac350a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex> skakuje z kan\u00e1la na kan\u00e1l a ukazuje v\u0161etky pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, od ktor\u00fdch dost\u00e1va beacon. Kan\u00e1ly od 1 do 14 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pre \u0161tandardy 802.11 b a g (v USA je povolen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 iba od 1 do 11; v Eur\u00f3pe od 1 do 13 s niektor\u00fdmi v\u00fdnimkami; v Japonsku od 1 do 14). 802.11a funguje v p\u00e1sme 5 GHz a jeho dostupnos\u0165 sa l\u00ed\u0161i v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch viac ako v p\u00e1sme 2,4 GHz. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti zn\u00e1me kan\u00e1ly za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa od 36 (32 v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch) po 64 (68 v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch) a od 96 do 165. Na Wikip\u00e9dii n\u00e1jdete podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o dostupnosti kan\u00e1lov. V Linuxe o povolen\u00ed\/z\u00e1kaze prenosu na ur\u010dit\u00fdch kan\u00e1loch pre va\u0161u krajinu sa star\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wireless.wiki.kernel.org\/en\/developers\/Regulatory\/CRDA\">Central Regulatory Domain Agent<\/a><\/noindex>; mal by v\u0161ak by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne nakonfigurovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1lny kan\u00e1l je zobrazen\u00fd v \u013eavom hornom rohu.<br \/>\nPo chv\u00edli sa objavia pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body a (d\u00fafajme) niektor\u00ed s\u00favisiaci klienti.<br \/>\nHorn\u00fd blok zobrazuje objaven\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body:<\/p>\n<p>bssid<br \/>\nmac-adresa pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu<\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nkvalita sign\u00e1lu pri vybranom kan\u00e1li <\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nintenzita sign\u00e1lu. Niektor\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de ju neoznamuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>beacons<br \/>\npo\u010det prijat\u00fdch beaconov. Ak v\u00e1m ch\u00fdba ukazovate\u013e intenzity sign\u00e1lu, m\u00f4\u017eete ju zmera\u0165 v beaconoch: \u010d\u00edm viac beaconov, t\u00fdm lep\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>data<br \/>\npo\u010det prijat\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov<\/p>\n<p>ch<br \/>\nkan\u00e1l, na ktorom pracuje pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod<\/p>\n<p>mb<br \/>\nr\u00fdchlos\u0165 alebo re\u017eim pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu. 11 je \u010dist\u00fd 802.11b, 54 je \u010dist\u00fd 802.11g. hodnoty medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma s\u00fa zmes.<\/p>\n<p>enc<br \/>\n\u0161ifrovanie: opn: \u017eiadne \u0161ifrovanie, wep: wep \u0161ifrovanie, wpa: wpa alebo wpa2, wep?: wep alebo wpa (zatia\u013e nie je jasn\u00e9)<\/p>\n<p>essid<br \/>\nn\u00e1zov siete, niekedy skryt\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Doln\u00fd blok zobrazuje objaven\u00fdch klientov:<\/p>\n<p>bssid<br \/>\nmac-adresa, s ktorou sa klient asociuje na danom pr\u00edstupovom bode<\/p>\n<p>station<br \/>\nmac-adresa samotn\u00e9ho klienta<\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nintenzita sign\u00e1lu. Niektor\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de ju neoznamuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>packets<br \/>\npo\u010det prijat\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov<\/p>\n<p>probes<br \/>\nn\u00e1zvy siet\u00ed (essid), ktor\u00e9 tento klient u\u017e vysk\u00fa\u0161al<\/p>\n<p>Teraz mus\u00edte sledova\u0165 cie\u013eov\u00fa sie\u0165. K nej by mal by\u0165 pripojen\u00fd aspo\u0148 jeden klient, preto\u017ee hackovanie siet\u00ed bez klientov je zlo\u017eitej\u0161ia t\u00e9ma (pozrite sa na \u010das\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=how_to_crack_wep_with_no_clients\">Ako hackn\u00fa\u0165 WEP bez klientov<\/a><\/noindex>). Mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 WEP \u0161ifrovanie a ma\u0165 dobr\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Mo\u017eno budete musie\u0165 zmeni\u0165 polohu ant\u00e9ny na zlep\u0161enie pr\u00edjmu sign\u00e1lu. Niekedy aj nieko\u013eko centimetrov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rozhoduj\u00facich pre intenzitu sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>V uvedenom pr\u00edklade je sie\u0165 00:01:02:03:04:05. Bola to jedin\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 cie\u013eov\u00e1 sie\u0165, preto\u017ee iba k nej je pripojen\u00fd klient. A m\u00e1 dobr\u00fd sign\u00e1l, tak\u017ee je to vhodn\u00fd cie\u013e na prax.<\/p>\n<h3>Sn\u00edmanie Inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch Vektorov<\/h3>\n<p>\n V d\u00f4sledku prech\u00e1dzania medzi kan\u00e1lmi nebudete odchyt\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etky pakety zo cie\u013eovej siete. Preto chceme po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 iba na jednom kan\u00e1li a navy\u0161e zapisova\u0165 v\u0161etky \u00fadaje na disk, aby sme ich mohli nesk\u00f4r pou\u017ei\u0165 na hackovanie:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airodump-ng -c 11 --bssid 00:01:02:03:04:05 -w dump wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Pomocou parametra <code>-c<\/code> vyber\u00e1te kan\u00e1l, a parameter po <code>-w<\/code> je prefix sie\u0165ov\u00fdch dumpov zap\u00edsan\u00fdch na disk. Pr\u00edznak <code>\u2013bssid<\/code> spolu s MAC-adresou pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu obmedzuje prij\u00edmanie paketov na jeden pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod. Pr\u00edznak <code>\u2013bssid<\/code> je dostupn\u00fd iba v nov\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch <i>airodump-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Pred hackovan\u00edm WEP budete potrebova\u0165 medzi 40 000 a 85 000 r\u00f4znych inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov (Initialization Vector, IV). Ka\u017ed\u00fd paket \u00fadajov obsahuje inicializa\u010dn\u00fd vektor. Tieto sa m\u00f4\u017eu opakovane pou\u017ei\u0165, preto je po\u010det vektorov zvy\u010dajne o nie\u010do ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako po\u010det zachyten\u00fdch paketov. <br \/>\n Tak\u017ee budete musie\u0165 po\u010dka\u0165, k\u00fdm zachyt\u00edte od 40 tis\u00edc do 85 tis\u00edc paketov \u00fadajov (s IV). Ak nie je sie\u0165 zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00e1, potrv\u00e1 to ve\u013emi dlho. Tento proces m\u00f4\u017eete ur\u00fdchli\u0165 pomocou akt\u00edvneho \u00fatoku (alebo \u00fatoku opakovania). O t\u00fdchto t\u00e9mach budeme hovori\u0165 v nasleduj\u00facej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n<h3>Hackovanie<\/h3>\n<p>\n Ak u\u017e m\u00e1te dostatok zachyten\u00fdch inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov ulo\u017een\u00fdch v jednom alebo nieko\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00faboroch, m\u00f4\u017eete sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 hackn\u00fa\u0165 WEP k\u013e\u00fa\u010d:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aircrack-ng -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 dump-01.cap<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> MAC adresa po flagu <code>-b<\/code> \u2013 to je BSSID cie\u013ea, a <code>dump-01.cap<\/code> \u2013 to je s\u00fabor obsahuj\u00faci zachyten\u00e9 pakety. M\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 nieko\u013eko s\u00faborov, sta\u010d\u00ed prida\u0165 v\u0161etky n\u00e1zvy do pr\u00edkazu, alebo pou\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1stupn\u00fd znak, napr\u00edklad <code>dump*.cap<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o parametroch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aircrack-ng\">aircrack-ng<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u00fdstupe a pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aircrack-ng\">pr\u00edru\u010dky<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Po\u010det inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov potrebn\u00fdch na hackovanie k\u013e\u00fa\u010da nie je obmedzen\u00fd. D\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 vektory s\u00fa slab\u0161ie a str\u00e1caj\u00fa viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o k\u013e\u00fa\u010di ako in\u00e9. Tieto inicializa\u010dn\u00e9 vektory sa zvy\u010dajne mie\u0161aj\u00fa so silnej\u0161\u00edmi. Tak\u017ee, ak budete ma\u0165 \u0161\u0165astie, m\u00f4\u017eete hackn\u00fa\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010d s len 20 000 inicializa\u010dn\u00fdmi vektormi. Av\u0161ak \u010dasto to b\u00fdva nedostato\u010dn\u00e9, <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 dlh\u00fa dobu (t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 alebo viac v pr\u00edpade vysokej chybovosti), a potom v\u00e1m povie, \u017ee k\u013e\u00fa\u010d nemo\u017eno hackn\u00fa\u0165. \u010c\u00edm viac m\u00e1te inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k hackovaniu a zvy\u010dajne to trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko min\u00fat alebo dokonca sek\u00fand. Sk\u00fasenosti ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee na hackovanie sta\u010d\u00ed 40 000 \u2013 85 000 vektorov.<\/p>\n<p> Existuj\u00fa pokro\u010dilej\u0161ie pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne algoritmy na filtrovanie slab\u00fdch inicializa\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee nem\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 viac ako N vektorov z pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu, alebo potrebujete mili\u00f3ny vektorov (napr\u00edklad 5-7 mili\u00f3nov), aby ste hackli k\u013e\u00fa\u010d. M\u00f4\u017eete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">\u010d\u00edta\u0165 na f\u00f3re<\/a><\/noindex>, \u010do robi\u0165 v tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch.<\/p>\n<p>Akt\u00edvne \u00fatoky<br \/>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zariaden\u00ed nepodporuje injekcie, aspo\u0148 nie bez upraven\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov. Niektor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa iba ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fatoky. Obr\u00e1\u0165te sa na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatibility_drivers\">str\u00e1nku kompatibility<\/a><\/noindex> a pozrite sa do st\u013apca <i>aireplay<\/i>. Niekedy t\u00e1to tabu\u013eka neposkytuje aktu\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie, tak\u017ee ak uvid\u00edte slovo <i>\u201cNO\u201d<\/i> v protokole v\u00e1\u0161ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da, nez\u00fafajte, rad\u0161ej sa pozrite na domovsk\u00fa str\u00e1nku ovl\u00e1da\u010da, do zoznamu diskusi\u00ed o ovl\u00e1da\u010doch na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">na\u0161om f\u00f3re<\/a><\/noindex>. Ak sa v\u00e1m podarilo \u00faspe\u0161ne reprodukova\u0165 probl\u00e9m pomocou ovl\u00e1da\u010da, ktor\u00fd nebol uveden\u00fd v podporovan\u00fdch, nev\u00e1hajte navrhn\u00fa\u0165 zmeny na str\u00e1nke tabu\u013eky kompatibility a prida\u0165 odkaz na kr\u00e1tky sprievodca. (Na to potrebujete po\u017eiada\u0165 o \u00fa\u010det wiki na IRC.)<\/p>\n<p>Najprv sa mus\u00edte uisti\u0165, \u017ee injekcia paketov skuto\u010dne funguje s v\u00e1\u0161ou sie\u0165ovou kartou a ovl\u00e1da\u010dom. Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako to skontrolova\u0165, je vykona\u0165 testov\u00fa injek\u010dn\u00fa \u00fatok. Predt\u00fdm, ako pokra\u010dujete, uistite sa, \u017ee ste tento test absolvovali. Va\u0161a karta by mala by\u0165 schopn\u00e1 implementova\u0165 injekcie, aby ste mohli vykona\u0165 nasleduj\u00face kroky.<\/p>\n<p>Budete potrebova\u0165 BSSID (MAC-adresu pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu) a ESSID (n\u00e1zov siete) pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu, ktor\u00fd nevykon\u00e1va filtrovanie pod\u013ea MAC-adresov (napr. v\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00fd), a ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v dostupnej vzdialenosti.<\/p>\n<p>Sk\u00faste sa pripoji\u0165 k pr\u00edstupov\u00e9mu bodu pomocou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aireplay-ng\">aireplay-ng<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aireplay-ng --fakeauth 0 -e \"tvoje sie\u0165 ESSID\" -a 00:01:02:03:04:05 wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Hodnota po <code>-\u0430<\/code> bude BSSID v\u00e1\u0161ho pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu.<br \/>\n Injekcia fungovala, ak uvid\u00edte nie\u010do tak\u00e9to:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">12:14:06  Odosielanie autentifika\u010dnej po\u017eiadavky\n12:14:06  Autentifik\u00e1cia \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1\n12:14:06  Odosielanie po\u017eiadavky na asoci\u00e1ciu\n12:14:07  Asoci\u00e1cia \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 :-)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Ak nie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skontrolujte spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 ESSID a BSSID;<\/li>\n<li>Uistite sa, \u017ee na va\u0161om pr\u00edstupovom bode je vypnut\u00e9 filtrovanie pod\u013ea MAC-adresov;<\/li>\n<li>Sk\u00faste to na inom pr\u00edstupovom bode;<\/li>\n<li>Uistite sa, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 ovl\u00e1da\u010d je spr\u00e1vne nastaven\u00fd a podporovan\u00fd;<\/li>\n<li>Namiesto \u201e0\u201c sk\u00faste \u201e6000 -o 1 -q 10\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>ARP replay <\/h3>\n<p>\nTeraz, ke\u010f vieme, \u017ee injekcia paketov funguje, m\u00f4\u017eeme urobi\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do v\u00fdrazne ur\u00fdchli zachyt\u00e1vanie inicia\u010dn\u00fdch vektorov: \u00fatok injekci\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=arp-request_reinjection\">ARP-\u017eiadost\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka<\/h3>\n<p>\nAk hovor\u00edme jednoduch\u00fdm jazykom, ARP funguje tak, \u017ee posiela vysielac\u00ed dopyt na IP adresu, a zariadenie s touto IP adresou posiela sp\u00e4\u0165 odpove\u010f. Ke\u010f\u017ee WEP nechr\u00e1n\u00ed pred opakovan\u00edm, m\u00f4\u017eete zachyti\u0165 paket a posiela\u0165 ho znova a znova, pokia\u013e je platn\u00fd. Tak\u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed, ak zachyt\u00edte a znovu reprodukujete ARP dopyt zaslan\u00fd pr\u00edstupov\u00fdm bodom, aby ste vytvorili prev\u00e1dzku (a z\u00edskali inicializa\u010dn\u00e9 vektory).<\/p>\n<h3>Leno sp\u00f4sob<\/h3>\n<p>\nNajprv otvorte okno s <i>airodump-ng<\/i>, ktor\u00e9 snifferuje prev\u00e1dzku (pozri vy\u0161\u0161ie). <i>Aireplay-ng<\/i> a <i>airodump-ng<\/i> m\u00f4\u017eu fungova\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne. Po\u010dkajte na pr\u00edchod klienta do cie\u013eovej siete a za\u010dnite \u00fatok:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 -h 00:04:05:06:07:08 wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>-b<\/code> ozna\u010duje cie\u013eov\u00fd BSSID, <code>-h<\/code> na MAC adresu pripojen\u00e9ho klienta.<\/p>\n<p>D teraz mus\u00edte po\u010dka\u0165 na prijatie ARP paketu. Zvy\u010dajne mus\u00edte \u010daka\u0165 nieko\u013eko min\u00fat (alebo si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nok \u010falej). <br \/>\nAk m\u00e1te \u0161\u0165astie, uvid\u00edte nie\u010do podobn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Ulo\u017eenie ARP dopytov v replay_arp-0627-121526.cap\nMus\u00edte tie\u017e spusti\u0165 airodump, aby ste zachytili odpovede.\nPre\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 2493 pakety (dostal 1 ARP dopyt), odoslan\u00fdch 1305 paketov...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ak potrebujete zastavi\u0165 reprodukciu, nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u010daka\u0165 na pr\u00edchod \u010fal\u0161ieho ARP paketu, m\u00f4\u017eete jednoducho pou\u017ei\u0165 predt\u00fdm zachyten\u00e9 pakety pomocou parametra <code>-r<\/code> <code><code>&lt;<\/code>n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru&gt;<\/code>.<br \/>\nPri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed ARP injekci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 met\u00f3du PTW na rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie WEP k\u013e\u00fa\u010da. V\u00fdrazne skracuje po\u010det potrebn\u00fdch paketov, a t\u00fdm aj \u010das na rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie. Mus\u00edte zachyti\u0165 cel\u00fd paket pomocou <i>airodump-ng<\/i>, teda nepou\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 <code>\u201c--ivs\u201d<\/code> pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed pr\u00edkazu. Pre <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> pou\u017eite <code><code>\u201caircrack -z &lt;<\/code>n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru&gt;\u201d<\/code>. (PTW je predvolen\u00fd typ \u00fatoku)<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa po\u010det prij\u00edman\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch paketov <i>airodump-ng<\/i> prestane zvy\u0161ova\u0165, mo\u017eno budete musie\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 reprodukcie. Urobte to pomocou parametra <code>-x<\/code> <code><code>&lt;<\/code>paketov za sekundu&gt;.<\/code>Zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00ednam s 50 a zni\u017eujem, k\u00fdm pakety op\u00e4\u0165 neza\u010dn\u00fa plynule prij\u00edma\u0165. M\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1m tie\u017e pom\u00f4c\u0165 zmena polohy ant\u00e9ny. <\/p>\n<h3>Agres\u00edvny sp\u00f4sob<\/h3>\n<p>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov vyma\u017ee ARP cache pri odpojen\u00ed. Ak chcete posla\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed paket po op\u00e4tovnom pripojen\u00ed (alebo jednoducho pou\u017ei\u0165 DHCP), odosielaj\u00fa ARP dopyt. Ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed efekt m\u00f4\u017eete snifferova\u0165 ESSID a mo\u017eno aj keystream po\u010das op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho pripojenia. Je to v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, ak je ESSID va\u0161ej cie\u013eovej siete skryt\u00fd alebo pou\u017e\u00edva zdie\u013ean\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu.<br \/>\n Nech sa <i>airodump-ng<\/i> a <i>aireplay-ng<\/i> pracuj\u00fa. Otvorte \u010fal\u0161ie okno a spustite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=deauthentication\">\u00fatok deautentifik\u00e1cie<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p> Tu <code>-a<\/code> \u2013 ide o BSSID pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu, <code>-c<\/code> MAC adresa vybran\u00e9ho klienta.<br \/>\n Po\u010dkajte nieko\u013eko sek\u00fand a ARP replay za\u010dne fungova\u0165.<br \/>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina klientov sa pok\u00fa\u0161a automaticky obnovi\u0165 pripojenie. Av\u0161ak riziko, \u017ee niekto t\u00fato \u00fatok odhal\u00ed alebo aspo\u0148 si v\u0161imne, \u010do sa deje na WLAN, je vy\u0161\u0161ie ako pri in\u00fdch \u00fatokoch.<\/p>\n<p>Viac n\u00e1strojov a inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o nich n\u00e1jdete tu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=tutorial\">Zisti\u0165 viac o kurze<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/2T7g\/\">Zisti\u0165 viac o kurze<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/494356\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e Kali Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c aircrack-ng. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 Wiki \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" 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