{"id":76046,"date":"2020-03-30T19:42:02","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-6"},"modified":"2020-03-30T19:42:02","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:02","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-6","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie jadra Linux 5.6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/3\/29\/379\">predstavil<\/a><\/noindex> uvo\u013enenie jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.6<\/a><\/noindex>. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie zmeny patr\u00ed integr\u00e1cia VPN rozhrania WireGuard, podpora USB4, menov\u00e9 priestory pre \u010das, mo\u017enos\u0165 vytv\u00e1rania spracovate\u013eov pre\u0165a\u017eovania TCP pomocou BPF, po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora MultiPath TCP, odstr\u00e1nenie probl\u00e9mu roku 2038 z jadra, mechanizmus \u201ebootconfig\u201c, FS ZoneFS.<\/p>\n<p>Do novej verzie bolo zahrnut\u00fdch 13702 opr\u00e1v od 1810 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov,<br \/>\nve\u013ekos\u0165 patchu \u2014 40 MB (zmeny zasiahli 11577 s\u00faborov, pridalo sa 610012 riadkov k\u00f3du,<br \/>\nvykonan\u00fdch 294828 riadkov). Pribli\u017ene 45% v\u0161etk\u00fdch predlo\u017een\u00fdch v 5.6<br \/>\nzmien sa t\u00fdka ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zariaden\u00ed, pribli\u017ene 15% zmien m\u00e1<br \/>\nsa t\u00fdkalo aktualiz\u00e1cie k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 12%<br \/>\ns\u00favis\u00ed so sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom, 4% \u2014 s s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a 3% s intern\u00fdmi<br \/>\npod syst\u00e9mami jadra. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.6\">Hlavn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/811230\/\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51997\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> implement\u00e1cia VPN rozhrania  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.io\/\">WireGuard<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9 je postaven\u00e9 na modern\u00fdch met\u00f3dach \u0161ifrovania (ChaCha20, Poly1305, Curve25519, BLAKE2s), je jednoduch\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie, bez zlo\u017eitost\u00ed, dobre sa osved\u010dilo v mnoh\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch nasadeniach a poskytuje ve\u013emi vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon (3,9-kr\u00e1t prevy\u0161uje OpenVPN z h\u013eadiska priepustnosti). Vo WireGuard je pou\u017eit\u00e1 koncepcia smerovania na z\u00e1klade \u0161ifrovac\u00edch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov, ktor\u00e1 predpoklad\u00e1 priradenie k ka\u017ed\u00fd sie\u0165ov\u00e9mu rozhraniu s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da a jeho pou\u017eitie na viazanie verejn\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov. V\u00fdmena verejn\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov na nadviazanie spojenia prebieha na podobnom princ\u00edpe ako pri SSH. Potrebn\u00e9 pre pr\u00e1cu WireGuard kryptografick\u00e9 primit\u00edva <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0ed42a6f431e930b2e8fae21955406e09fe75d70\">boli<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=66d7fb94e4ffe5acc589e0b2b4710aecc1f07a28\">boli prenesen\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> z kni\u017enice  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49064\">Zinc<\/a><\/noindex> v r\u00e1mci \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho Crypto API a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ed20078b7e3331e82828be357147af6a3282e4ce\">samostatn\u00e9 metriky na hodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov testovania.<\/a><\/noindex> v r\u00e1mci jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52256\">5.5<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=bd2463ac7d7ec51d432f23bf0e893fb371a908cd\">Za\u010dala sa<\/a><\/noindex> integr\u00e1cia komponentov potrebn\u00fdch na podporu MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00edrenia protokolu TCP na organiz\u00e1ciu prev\u00e1dzky TCP spojenia s doru\u010dovan\u00edm paketov s\u00fa\u010dasne prostredn\u00edctvom viacer\u00fdch tr\u00e1s cez r\u00f4zne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhrania viazan\u00e9 na r\u00f4zne IP adresy. Pre sie\u0165ov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie sa podobn\u00e9 agregovan\u00e9 spojenie jav\u00ed ako be\u017en\u00e9 TCP spojenie, pri\u010dom cel\u00e1 logika delenia tokov je vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 silami MPTCP. Multipath TCP m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd ako na zv\u00fd\u0161enie priepustnosti, tak aj na zv\u00fd\u0161enie spo\u013eahlivosti. Napr\u00edklad, MPTCP m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd na organiz\u00e1ciu prenosu \u00fadajov na smartf\u00f3ne pomocou s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eitia liniek WiFi a 4G alebo na zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov pripojen\u00edm servera pomocou viacer\u00fdch lacn\u00fdch liniek namiesto jedn\u00e9ho drah\u00e9ho.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=dcc68b4d8084\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora discipl\u00edny spr\u00e1vy sie\u0165ov\u00fdch front sch_ets (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1.ieee802.org\/dcb\/802-1qaz\/\">Enhanced Transmission Selection<\/a><\/noindex>, IEEE 802.1Qaz), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje rozdelenie priepustnosti medzi r\u00f4zne triedy prev\u00e1dzky. Ak je za\u0165a\u017eenie ur\u010ditej triedy prev\u00e1dzky ni\u017e\u0161ie ako predp\u00edsan\u00e1 priepustnos\u0165, ETS umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u00fdm triedam prev\u00e1dzky vyu\u017ei\u0165 dostupn\u00fa (nevyu\u017eit\u00fa) priepustnos\u0165. Qdisc sch_ets sa nastavuje ako discipl\u00edna PRIO a pou\u017e\u00edva triedy prev\u00e1dzky na ur\u010denie pr\u00edsnych a zdie\u013ean\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed priepustnosti. ETS funguje ako kombin\u00e1cia discipl\u00edn <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/8\/tc-prio\">PRIO<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/tc-drr.8.html\">DRR<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 pri existencii pr\u00edsne obmedzen\u00fdch tried prev\u00e1dzky sa pou\u017e\u00edva PRIO, ale ak v rade prev\u00e1dzky nie je \u017eiaden, funguje ako DRR.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd typ BPF programov <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=27ae7997a661\">BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje realiz\u00e1ciu spracovate\u013eov funkci\u00ed jadra cez BPF. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 u\u017e dostupn\u00e1 na realiz\u00e1ciu algoritmov riadenia pre\u0165a\u017eenia TCP vo forme BPF programov. Ako pr\u00edklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=09903869f69f\">navrhnut\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> BPF program s implement\u00e1ciou algoritmu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8257\">DCTCP<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol prijat\u00fd do jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1b3b289fd8da\">zmeny<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd prev\u00e1dza n\u00e1stroje  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethtool\">ethtool<\/a><\/noindex> z ioctl() na pou\u017eitie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2b4a8990b7df\">interface netlink<\/a><\/noindex>. Nov\u00fd interface u\u013eah\u010duje prid\u00e1vanie roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed, zlep\u0161uje spracovanie ch\u00fdb, umo\u017e\u0148uje posiela\u0165 notifik\u00e1cie o zmen\u00e1ch stavu, u\u013eah\u010duje interakciu medzi jadrom a u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdm priestorom a zni\u017euje po\u010det synchronizovan\u00fdch pomenovan\u00fdch zoznamov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia algoritmu riadenia sie\u0165ov\u00fdch radov FQ-PIE (Flow Queue PIE), zameran\u00e9ho na zn\u00ed\u017eenie negat\u00edvneho vplyvu medi\u00e1lnej vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te paketov na okrajovom sie\u0165ovom zariaden\u00ed (bufferbloat). FQ-PIE preukazuje vysok\u00fa efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 pri pou\u017eit\u00ed v syst\u00e9moch s k\u00e1blov\u00fdmi modemmi.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Btrfs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52228\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> asynchr\u00f3nna implement\u00e1cia oper\u00e1cie DISCARD (ozna\u010denie uvo\u013enen\u00fdch blokov, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 fyzicky neuchov\u00e1va\u0165). P\u00f4vodne sa oper\u00e1cie DISCARD vykon\u00e1vali synchronne, \u010do mohlo vies\u0165 k poklesu v\u00fdkonu z d\u00f4vodu \u010dakania na dokon\u010denie pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm. Asynchr\u00f3nna implement\u00e1cia umo\u017e\u0148uje ne\u010daka\u0165 na dokon\u010denie DISCARD \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm a vykon\u00e1va\u0165 t\u00fato oper\u00e1ciu na pozad\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=91f1a9566f387137f2da1957792a8f9f07cd058f\">bola vykonan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> \u010distenie k\u00f3du, v ktorom sa pou\u017e\u00edvali star\u00e9 32-bitov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadl\u00e1 (typ time_t bol nahraden\u00fd time64_t), \u010do viedlo k probl\u00e9mu roku 2038. Boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 chyby a po\u0161kodenia pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00e9 sa objavovali na 32-bitov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch. K\u00f3d bol prepracovan\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdmi atrib\u00fatmi.\n<li class=\"l\"> do s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ext4 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e5da4c933c50d98d7990a7c1ca0bbf8946e80c4a\">boli pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> optimaliz\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonu s\u00favisiace s spracovan\u00edm z\u00e1mku inode pri oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu. V\u00fdkon prepisovania v re\u017eime priameho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu (Direct I\/O) bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd. Pre zjednodu\u0161enie diagnostiky probl\u00e9mov bolo zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vanie prv\u00fdch a posledn\u00fdch chybov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov v superbloku.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me F2FS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4c8ff7095bef\">bola implementovan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 ulo\u017eenia \u00fadajov v komprimovanej forme. Pre jednotliv\u00fd s\u00fabor alebo adres\u00e1r m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kompresia zapnut\u00e1 pr\u00edkazom \u201echattr +c file\u201c alebo \u201echattr +c dir; touch dir\/file\u201c. Pre kompresiu cel\u00e9ho oddielu sa v n\u00e1stroji mount m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 \u201e-o compress_extension=ext\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bola prijat\u00e1 s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52092\">ZoneFS<\/a><\/noindex>, u\u013eah\u010duj\u00faci n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fa pr\u00e1cu so z\u00f3novan\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi zariadeniami. Pod z\u00f3novan\u00fdmi zariadeniami sa rozumej\u00fa zariadenia na pevn\u00fdch diskoch alebo NVMe SSD, ktor\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fd priestor je rozdelen\u00fd na z\u00f3ny, ktor\u00e9 tvoria skupiny blokov alebo sektorov, do ktor\u00fdch je povolen\u00e9 iba sekven\u010dn\u00e9 prid\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov s aktualiz\u00e1ciou celej skupiny blokov. FS ZoneFS bola vyvinut\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Western Digital a prep\u00e1ja ka\u017ed\u00fa z\u00f3nu v \u00falo\u017eisku s oddelen\u00fdm s\u00faborom, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na uchov\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov v surovom re\u017eime bez manipul\u00e1cie na \u00farovni sektorov a blokov, t. j. umo\u017e\u0148uje aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 s\u00faborov\u00e9 API namiesto priameho oslovovania blokov\u00e9ho zariadenia pomocou ioctl.\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS je predvolen\u00e9 odpojen\u00e9 montovanie oddielov nad UDP. Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu NFS 4.2 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faca priame kop\u00edrovanie s\u00faborov medzi servermi. Pridan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania \u201esoftreval\u201c, ktor\u00e1 v pr\u00edpade zlyhania servera umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eitie cachovan\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t atrib\u00fatov. Napr\u00edklad, pri uveden\u00ed tejto mo\u017enosti po nedostupnosti servera zost\u00e1va mo\u017enos\u0165 pohybova\u0165 sa po cest\u00e1ch v NFS oddiele a pristupova\u0165 k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 zostali v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c8994374d90b5823b3b29a5e5d8648ac418b57b4\">Bola vykonan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> optimaliz\u00e1cia v\u00fdkonu mechanizmu fs-verity, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na kontrolu integrity a overenie pravosti jednotliv\u00fdch s\u00faborov. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u010faka pou\u017eitiu Merkleho hash-stromu. Optimalizovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY v podmienkach ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich \u00fadajov v cache (aplikovan\u00e9 predpokladan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie str\u00e1nok s \u00fadajmi).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Oznamuje sa zastaranos\u0165 mo\u017enosti vypn\u00fa\u0165 modul SELinux po\u010das chodu, a v bud\u00facnosti bude zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 vylo\u017ei\u0165 u\u017e aktivovan\u00fd SELinux. Na vypnutie SELinux bude potrebn\u00e9 zada\u0165 parameter \u201eselinux=0\u201c v pr\u00edkazovom riadku jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=769071ac9f20\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora priestorov n\u00e1zvov pre \u010das (time namespaces), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa viaza\u0165 na kontajner stav syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch hod\u00edn (CLOCK_REALTIME,<br \/>\nCLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_BOOTTIME), pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v kontajneri svoj \u010das a pri migr\u00e1cii kontajnera na in\u00fd hostite\u013e zabezpe\u010di\u0165 nemennos\u0165 hodn\u00f4t CLOCK_MONOTONIC a CLOCK_BOOTTIME (zoh\u013eadni\u0165 \u010das po nahrat\u00ed s oh\u013eadom alebo bez oh\u013eadu na pobyt v sp\u00e1nkovom re\u017eime).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd blokovan\u00fd pool \/dev\/random. Spr\u00e1vanie \/dev\/random sa pribl\u00ed\u017eilo k \/dev\/urandom pokia\u013e ide o prevenciu blokovania entropie po inicializ\u00e1cii poolu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do hlavn\u00e9ho jadra bol zahrnut\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje hos\u0165uj\u00facim syst\u00e9mom be\u017eiacim pod VirtualBoxom montova\u0165 adres\u00e1re exportovan\u00e9 hostite\u013esk\u00fdm prostred\u00edm (VirtualBox Shared Folder).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu BPF bol pridan\u00fd s\u00fabor patchov (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/808503\/\">BPF dispatcher<\/a><\/noindex>), v podmienkach aplik\u00e1cie mechanizmu Retpoline na ochranu proti \u00fatokom triedy Spectre V2, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efektivitu volania BPF programov pri nastan\u00ed udalost\u00ed s nimi spojen\u00fdch (napr\u00edklad umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u00fdchli\u0165 volanie XDP spracovate\u013eov pri prijat\u00ed sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho bal\u00edka).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d na podporu zabudovan\u00fdch prostred\u00ed TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) v APU AMD.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do BPF bola pridan\u00e1 podpora glob\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed. V\u00fdvoj sa realizuje v r\u00e1mci iniciat\u00edvy na pridanie podpory kni\u017en\u00edc funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 v programoch BPF. Nasleduj\u00facim krokom bude podpora dynamick\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia na\u010d\u00edta\u0165 glob\u00e1lne funkcie, vr\u00e1tane nahradenia existuj\u00facich glob\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed po\u010das ich pou\u017e\u00edvania. Do subsyst\u00e9mu BPF bola tie\u017e pridan\u00e1 podpora variantu oper\u00e1cie map (pou\u017e\u00edva sa na uchov\u00e1vanie trval\u00fdch \u00fadajov), ktor\u00fd podporuje vykon\u00e1vanie v d\u00e1vkovom re\u017eime.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0a1990a2d1f2\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> zariadenie \u201ecpu_cooling\u201c, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje chladenie prehriateho CPU prepnut\u00edm do stavu ne\u010dinnosti (idle) na kr\u00e1tke \u010dasov\u00e9 intervaly.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/796868\/\">openat2()<\/a><\/noindex>, pon\u00fakaj\u00faci s\u00fabor dodato\u010dn\u00fdch vlajok na obmedzenie povolenia s\u00faborovej cesty (zak\u00e1zanie prekr\u00fdvania bodov montovania, symbolick\u00fdch odkazov, magic-odkazov (\/proc\/PID\/fd), komponentov \u201e..\/\u201c).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare big.LITTLE, kombinuj\u00face na jednom \u010dipe v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 a menej v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 energeticky efekt\u00edvne jadr\u00e1 CPU, pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed \u00faloh re\u00e1lneho \u010dasu je zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 nastavenie parametra uclamp_min (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50201\">objaven\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> v jadre 5.3 mechanizmus odovzd\u00e1vania z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee). Uveden\u00fd parameter zaru\u010duje, \u017ee \u00faloha bude umiestnen\u00e1 pl\u00e1nova\u010dom na jadre CPU, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 dostato\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jadro je zbaven\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_2038_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">probl\u00e9mov roku 2038<\/a><\/noindex>. Nahraden\u00e9 posledn\u00e9 zost\u00e1vaj\u00face spracovatelia, v ktor\u00fdch pre \u010d\u00edta\u010d epoch\u00e1lneho \u010dasu bol pou\u017eit\u00fd 32-bitov\u00fd (signed int) typ time_t, ktor\u00fd s oh\u013eadom na spr\u00e1vu od roku 1970 by mal preteka\u0165 v roku 2038.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovala vylep\u0161ovanie rozhrania asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631#io_uring\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex>prv\u00fd dodatok  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/810414\/\">je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora nov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed: IORING_OP_FALLOCATE (rezerv\u00e1cia pr\u00e1zdnych oblast\u00ed), IORING_OP_OPENAT,<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_OPENAT2,<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_CLOSE (otvorenie a uzavretie s\u00faborov),<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_FILES_UPDATE (pridanie a odstr\u00e1nenie s\u00faborov zo zoznamu r\u00fdchleho pr\u00edstupu),<br \/>\n IORING_OP_STATX (\u017eiados\u0165 o inform\u00e1cie o s\u00fabore),<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_READ,<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_WRITE (zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 ekvivalenty IORING_OP_READV a IORING_OP_WRITEV),<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_FADVISE,<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_MADVISE (asynchr\u00f3nne varianty volan\u00ed posix_fadvise a madvise), IORING_OP_SEND,<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_RECV (odosielanie a prij\u00edmanie sie\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00fadajov),<br \/>\n    IORING_OP_EPOLL_CTL (vykon\u00e1vanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s deskriptorom s\u00faborov epoll).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/808997\/\">pidfd_getfd()<\/a><\/noindex>, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face procesu extrahova\u0165 z in\u00e9ho procesu s\u00faborov\u00fd deskriptor otvoren\u00e9ho s\u00faboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/7b9b816f4b9a\">Implementovan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> mechanizmus \u201ebootconfig\u201c, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje okrem mo\u017enost\u00ed pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku ur\u010dova\u0165 parametre prev\u00e1dzky jadra prostredn\u00edctvom s\u00faboru s nastaveniami. Na pridanie podobn\u00fdch s\u00faborov do obrazu initramfs je navrhnut\u00fd n\u00e1stroj bootconfig. Uveden\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 napr\u00edklad na nastavenie kprobes po\u010das spustenia.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0ddad21d3e99\">Prepracovan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> mechanizmus \u010dakania na z\u00e1pis a \u010d\u00edtanie \u00fadajov v anonymn\u00fdch kan\u00e1loch (pipe). Zmena umo\u017enila zr\u00fdchli\u0165 vykon\u00e1vanie \u00faloh, ako je paraleln\u00e9 zostavovanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch projektov. Pri tom m\u00f4\u017ee optimaliz\u00e1cia vies\u0165 k pretekaniu v GNU make kv\u00f4li chybe vo verzii 4.2.1, ktor\u00e1 bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 vo verzii 4.3.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do prctl() bol pridan\u00fd pr\u00edznak PR_SET_IO_FLUSHER, ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017ee aplikova\u0165 na ozna\u010denie procesov, ktor\u00e9 sa zaoberaj\u00fa oslobodzovan\u00edm pam\u00e4te, pre ktor\u00e9 by nemali by\u0165 uplatnen\u00e9 obmedzenia v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch nedostatku pam\u00e4te v syst\u00e9me.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na z\u00e1klade syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te ION pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v Androide bola implementovan\u00e1 pod-system <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/792733\/\">dma-buf heaps<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spravova\u0165 pride\u013eovanie DMA-bufferov na zdie\u013eanie oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4te ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi, aplik\u00e1ciami a r\u00f4znymi pod-syst\u00e9mami.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edrenia E0PD, ktor\u00e9 sa objavilo v ARMv8.5 a umo\u017e\u0148uje realiz\u00e1ciu ochrany pred \u00fatokmi spojen\u00fdmi so \u0161pekulat\u00edvnym vykon\u00e1van\u00edm in\u0161trukci\u00ed v CPU. Ochrana zalo\u017een\u00e1 na E0PD vedie k men\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1kladom ako ochrana KPTI (Izol\u00e1cia tabuliek str\u00e1n jadra).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare ARMv8.5 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora in\u0161trukcie RNG, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje pr\u00edstup k hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9mu gener\u00e1toru pseudo-n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. V jadre je in\u0161trukcia RNG vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na generovanie entropie pri inicializ\u00e1cii gener\u00e1tora pseudo-n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel poskytovan\u00e9ho jadrom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed MPX (Roz\u0161\u00edrenia ochrany pam\u00e4te), ktor\u00e9 boli pridan\u00e9 do jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41634\">3.19<\/a><\/noindex> a umo\u017e\u0148ovali organizova\u0165 kontrolu ukazovate\u013eov na dodr\u017eanie hran\u00edc pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Technol\u00f3gia sa nepresadila v kompil\u00e1toroch a bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 z GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru RISC-V bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora debuggovacieho n\u00e1stroja KASan (Kernel address sanitizer), ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje odha\u013eovanie ch\u00fdb pri pr\u00e1ci s pam\u00e4\u0165ou.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usb.org\/document-library\/usb4tm-specification\">USB 4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na protokole Thunderbolt 3 a poskytuje priepustnos\u0165 a\u017e 40 Gbit\/s, pri\u010dom si zachov\u00e1va sp\u00e4tn\u00fa kompatibilitu s USB 2.0 a USB 3.2. Rovnako ako <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thunderbolt\">Thunderbolt<\/a><\/noindex> , rozhranie USB 4.0 umo\u017e\u0148uje tunelovanie r\u00f4znych protokolov cez jeden k\u00e1bel s konektorom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USB_Type-C\">Type-C<\/a><\/noindex>, vr\u00e1tane PCIe, Display Port a USB 3.x, ako aj softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch realiz\u00e1ci\u00ed protokolov, napr\u00edklad na organizovanie sie\u0165ov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed medzi hostite\u013emi. Realiz\u00e1cia je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na u\u017e dostupnom ovl\u00e1da\u010di Thunderbolt v jadre Linux a prisp\u00f4sobuje ho na pr\u00e1cu s hostite\u013emi a zariadeniami kompatibiln\u00fdmi s USB4. Zmeny tie\u017e prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa podporu zariaden\u00ed Thunderbolt 3 do softv\u00e9rovej realiz\u00e1cie mana\u017e\u00e9ra pripojen\u00ed (Connection Manager), ktor\u00fd je zodpovedn\u00fd za vytv\u00e1ranie tunelov na pripojenie viacer\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed cez jeden konektor.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di amdgpu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9f68e3655aae6d49d6ba05dd263f99f33c2567af\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> je pridan\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora technol\u00f3gie ochrany proti kop\u00edrovaniu HDCP 2.x (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection). Pridan\u00e1 podpora ASIC \u010dipu AMD Pollock, zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na Raven 2. Implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 resetovania GPU pre rodiny Renoir a Navi.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM ovl\u00e1da\u010di pre grafick\u00e9 karty Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9f68e3655aae6d49d6ba05dd263f99f33c2567af\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> je podpora DSI VDSC pre \u010dipy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitekt\u00fare Ice Lake a Tiger Lake, realizovan\u00e9 LMEM mmap (lok\u00e1lna pam\u00e4\u0165 zariadenia), vylep\u0161en\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy VBT (Video BIOS Table), implementovan\u00e1 podpora HDCP 2.2 pre \u010dipy Coffee Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ca na unifik\u00e1cii k\u00f3du ovl\u00e1da\u010da amdkfd (pre diskr\u00e9tne GPU, ako s\u00fa Fiji, Tonga, Polaris) s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom amdgpu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prepracovan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d k10temp, v ktorom sa objavila podpora v\u00fdstupu parametrov nap\u00e4tia a pr\u00fadu pre CPU AMD Zen, ako aj roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie z teplotn\u00fdch senzorov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v CPU Zen a Zen 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9f68e3655aae6d49d6ba05dd263f99f33c2567af\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> je podpora re\u017eimu verifikovanej na\u010d\u00edtania firmv\u00e9ru pre GPU NVIDIA zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitekt\u00fare Turing (GeForce RTX 2000), \u010do umo\u017enilo zapn\u00fa\u0165 podporu 3D akceler\u00e1cie pre tieto karty (je potrebn\u00e9 nahra\u0165 ofici\u00e1lne firmv\u00e9ry s digit\u00e1lnym podpisom NVIDIA). Pridan\u00e1 podpora grafick\u00e9ho enginu TU10x. Rie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s HD Audio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora kompresie d\u00e1t pri prenose cez DisplayPort MST (Multi-Stream Transport).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/796850\/\">ath11k<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb pre bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch \u010dipov Qualcomm s podporou 802.11ax.<br \/>\nOvl\u00e1da\u010d je zalo\u017een\u00fd na stacku mac80211 a podporuje re\u017eimy pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu, pracovnej stanice a uzla Mesh siete.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Cez sysfs je spr\u00edstupnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup k \u010ditate\u013en\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m teplotn\u00fdch senzorov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na modern\u00fdch pevn\u00fd diskoch a SSD.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=80fe7430c708\">Zaveden\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zmeny v zvukovom syst\u00e9me ALSA, zameran\u00e9 na odstr\u00e1nenie k\u00f3du z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_2038_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">probl\u00e9mov roku 2038<\/a><\/noindex> (odchod od pou\u017e\u00edvania 32-bitov\u00e9ho typu time_t v rozhran\u00ed snd_pcm_mmap_status a snd_pcm_mmap_control). Pridan\u00e1 podpora nov\u00fdch zvukov\u00fdch kodekov<br \/>\n Qualcomm WCD9340\/WCD9341, Realtek RT700, RT711, RT715, RT1308, Ingenic JZ4770.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9f68e3655aae6d49d6ba05dd263f99f33c2567af\">Boli pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre LCD panely Logic PD 28, Jimax8729d MIPI-DSI, igenic JZ4770, Sony acx424AKP, Leadtek LTK500HD1829, Xinpeng XPP055C272, AUO B116XAK01, GiantPlus GPM940B0,<br \/>\n    BOE NV140FHM-N49,<br \/>\n    Satoz SAT050AT40H12R2,<br \/>\n    Sharp LS020B1DD01D.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1afa9c3b7c9bdcb562e2afe9f58cc99d0b071cdc\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora ARM platforiem a platforiem Gen1 Amazon Echo (OMAP3630) , Samsung Galaxy S III mini (GT-I8190), Allwinner Emlid Neutis, Libre Computer ALL-H3-IT, PineH64 Model B, Aibretech Amlogic GX PC,<br \/>\n Armada SolidRun Clearfog GTR, NXPGateworks GW59xx,<br \/>\nTolino Shine 3 eBook reader,<br \/>\n Embedded Artists COM (i.MX7ULP), SolidRun Clearfog CX\/ITX a HoneyComb (LX2160A), Google Coral Edge TPU (i.MX8MQ),<br \/>\n Rockchip Radxa Dalang Carrier, Radxa Rock Pi N10, VMARC RK3399Pro SOM<br \/>\nST Ericsson HREF520, Inforce 6640, SC7180 IDP, Atmel\/Microchip AM9X60 (ARM926 SoC, Kizboxmini), ST stm32mp15, AM3703\/AM3715\/DM3725, ST Ericsson ab8505, Unisoc SC9863A, Qualcomm SC7180. Pridan\u00e1 podpora PCIe ovl\u00e1da\u010da, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v Raspberry Pi 4.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00e1 Nad\u00e1cia slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">vytvorila<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvariantu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">\u00faplne vo\u013en\u00e9 jadro 5.6<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.6-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.6-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, zbaven\u00e9ho prvkov firmv\u00e9rov a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov obsahuj\u00facich nevlastn\u00e9 komponenty alebo \u010dasti k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je obmedzen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcom. V novej verzii je deaktivovan\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vanie blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch pre AMD TEE, ATH11K a Mediatek SCP. Aktualizovan\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010distenia blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch a subsyst\u00e9moch AMD PSP, amdgpu a nouveau.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52632\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.6. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f VPN-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 WireGuard, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 USB4, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 TCP \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 BPF, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 MultiPath TCP, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b 2038 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;bootconfig&#187;, \u0424\u0421 ZoneFS. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 13702 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 1810 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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