{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"Ako nain\u0161talova\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) v CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Pred za\u010diatkom kurzu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">\u201eAdministr\u00e1tor Linuxu\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> pripravili sme preklad zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako nain\u0161talova\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) v CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE sa roz\u0161iruje ako \"Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment\" (vylep\u0161en\u00fd syst\u00e9m na detekciu naru\u0161enia) \u2014 je to jeden z najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov na monitorovanie zmien v opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Linuxe. AIDE sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ochranu pred \u0161kodliv\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom, v\u00edrusmi a na detekciu neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Na kontrolu integrity s\u00faborov a odha\u013eovanie naru\u0161en\u00ed AIDE vytv\u00e1ra datab\u00e1zu s inform\u00e1ciami o s\u00faboroch a porovn\u00e1va s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav syst\u00e9mu s touto datab\u00e1zou. AIDE pom\u00e1ha skr\u00e1ti\u0165 \u010das vy\u0161etrenia incidentov zameran\u00edm sa na s\u00fabory, ktor\u00e9 boli zmenen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti AIDE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Podpora r\u00f4znych atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov, vr\u00e1tane: typu s\u00faboru, inode, uid, gid, opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed, po\u010dtu odkazov, mtime, ctime a atime.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora kompresie Gzip, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL a atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora r\u00f4znych algoritmov, vr\u00e1tane md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32 a pod.<\/li>\n<li>Odosielanie upozornen\u00ed e-mailom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na to, ako nain\u0161talova\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 AIDE na detekciu naru\u0161en\u00ed v CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Predpoklady<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Server be\u017eiaci na CentOS 8, minim\u00e1lne s 2 GB RAM.<\/li>\n<li>root-pr\u00edstup<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Za\u010d\u00edname<\/h3>\n<p>\nNajsk\u00f4r sa odpor\u00fa\u010da aktualizova\u0165 syst\u00e9m. Na to vykonajte nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edkaz.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo aktualiz\u00e1cii re\u0161tartujte syst\u00e9m, aby sa zmeny prejavili.<\/p>\n<h3>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE je dostupn\u00fd v predvolenom repozit\u00e1ri CentOS 8. M\u00f4\u017eete ho \u013eahko nain\u0161talova\u0165 vykonan\u00edm nasleduj\u00faceho pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo dokon\u010den\u00ed in\u0161tal\u00e1cie si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 verziu AIDE pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMali by ste vidie\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nZostaven\u00e9 s nasleduj\u00facimi mo\u017enos\u0165ami:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti <code>aide<\/code> m\u00f4\u017eete si pozrie\u0165 nasleduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako nain\u0161talova\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) v CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Vytvorenie a inicializ\u00e1cia datab\u00e1zy<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrv\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa mus\u00edte urobi\u0165 po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii AIDE \u2014 je ju inicializova\u0165. Inicializ\u00e1cia spo\u010d\u00edva v vytvoren\u00ed datab\u00e1zy (snapshotu) v\u0161etk\u00fdch s\u00faborov a adres\u00e1rov servera.<\/p>\n<p>Na inicializ\u00e1ciu datab\u00e1zy vykonajte nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMali by ste vidie\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Za\u010diatok \u010dasovej pe\u010diatky: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE inicializoval datab\u00e1zu na \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nPo\u010det polo\u017eiek:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAtrib\u00faty (dekomprimovanej) datab\u00e1zy:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\nKoniec \u010dasovej pe\u010diatky: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (celkov\u00fd \u010das: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHorn\u00e1 uveden\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz vytvor\u00ed nov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> v adres\u00e1ri <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>. M\u00f4\u017eete ho vidie\u0165 pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV\u00fdsledok:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">celkom 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE nebude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tento nov\u00fd s\u00fabor datab\u00e1zy, k\u00fdm ho nepremenovate na <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. M\u00f4\u017eete to urobi\u0165 nasledovne:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOdpor\u00fa\u010da sa pravidelne aktualizova\u0165 t\u00fato datab\u00e1zu, aby ste zabezpe\u010dili potrebn\u00fd doh\u013ead nad zmenami. <\/p>\n<p>Zmeni\u0165 umiestnenie datab\u00e1zy m\u00f4\u017eete zmenou parametra <code>DBDIR<\/code> v s\u00fabore <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Spustenie kontroly<\/h3>\n<p>\nTeraz je AIDE pripraven\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie novej datab\u00e1zy. Spustite prv\u00fa kontrolu AIDE bez vykonania ak\u00fdchko\u013evek zmien:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVykonanie tohto pr\u00edkazu potrv\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdobie v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti v\u00e1\u0161ho s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a mno\u017estva pam\u00e4te RAM na va\u0161om serveri. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed kontroly by ste mali vidie\u0165 nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Za\u010diatok \u010dasovej pe\u010diatky: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE nena\u0161iel \u017eiadne rozdiely medzi datab\u00e1zou a s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. V\u0161etko je v poriadku!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nUveden\u00fd v\u00fdstup hovor\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161etky s\u00fabory a adres\u00e1re zodpovedaj\u00fa datab\u00e1ze AIDE.<\/p>\n<h3>Testujeme AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nPod\u013ea predvolen\u00e9ho nastavenia AIDE nesleduje predvolen\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd adres\u00e1r Apache <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> Nastavme AIDE na jeho sledovanie. K tomu mus\u00edme upravi\u0165 s\u00fabor <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPridajte nad riadok <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPotom vytvorte s\u00fabor <code>aide.txt<\/code> v adres\u00e1ri <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTeraz spustite kontrolu AIDE a uistite sa, \u017ee vytvoren\u00fd s\u00fabor bude zisten\u00fd.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMali by ste vidie\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Za\u010diatok \u010dasovej pe\u010diatky: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE na\u0161iel rozdiely medzi datab\u00e1zou a s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom!!\n\nZhrnutie:\n  Celkov\u00fd po\u010det polo\u017eiek:\t49475\n  Pridan\u00e9 polo\u017eky:\t\t1\n  Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 polo\u017eky:\t\t0\n  Zmenen\u00e9 polo\u017eky:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nPridan\u00e9 polo\u017eky:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVid\u00edme, \u017ee vytvoren\u00fd s\u00fabor bol zisten\u00fd <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nPo anal\u00fdze zisten\u00fdch zmien aktualizujte datab\u00e1zu AIDE.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPo aktualiz\u00e1cii uvid\u00edte nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casov\u00fd \u00fadaj za\u010diatku: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE na\u0161iel rozdiely medzi datab\u00e1zou a s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom!!\nNov\u00e1 AIDE datab\u00e1za bola zap\u00edsan\u00e1 do \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nZhrnutie:\n  Celkov\u00fd po\u010det z\u00e1znamov:\t49475\n  Pridan\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy:\t\t1\n  Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy:\t\t0\n  Zmenen\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nPridan\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHorn\u00e1 uveden\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz vytvor\u00ed nov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> v adres\u00e1ri <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nM\u00f4\u017eete si ju prezrie\u0165 za pomoci nasleduj\u00facej pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV\u00fdsledok:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTeraz premenova\u0165 nov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu e\u0161te raz, aby AIDE pou\u017e\u00edval nov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu na sledovanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch zmien. Premenova\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eete nasledovne:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSpustite kontrolu znova, aby ste sa uistili, \u017ee AIDE pou\u017e\u00edva nov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMali by ste vidie\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\u010casov\u00fd \u00fadaj za\u010diatku: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE nena\u0161iel \u017eiadne rozdiely medzi datab\u00e1zou a s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. Vyzer\u00e1 to v poriadku!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automatizujeme kontrolu.<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 kontrolu AIDE ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 a zasiela\u0165 spr\u00e1vu e-mailom. Tento proces je mo\u017en\u00e9 automatizova\u0165 pomocou cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPre spustenie kontroly AIDE ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 o 10:15 pridajte na koniec s\u00faboru riadok:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTeraz v\u00e1s AIDE upozorn\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom e-mailu. Skontrolova\u0165 e-mail m\u00f4\u017eete nasleduj\u00facim pr\u00edkazom:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nLog AIDE m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 pomocou nasleduj\u00facej pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1ver<\/h3>\n<p>\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku ste sa nau\u010dili, ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 AIDE na zistenie zmien s\u00faborov a odhalenie neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu na server. Pre \u010fal\u0161ie nastavenia m\u00f4\u017eete upravi\u0165 konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor \/etc\/aide.conf. Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov sa odpor\u00fa\u010da uchov\u00e1va\u0165 datab\u00e1zu a konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor na nosi\u010di dostupnom len na \u010d\u00edtanie. Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete v dokument\u00e1cii. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">AIDE Doc<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">Zisti\u0165 viac o kurze.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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