{"id":77515,"date":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core"},"modified":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","slug":"vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","title":{"rendered":"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/409b5d824729bda2e7749f71526235b1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZ d\u00f4vodu n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti Windows syst\u00e9mov dominuj\u00fa v prostred\u00ed VPS \u013eahk\u00e9 Linux distrib\u00facie: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian alebo Ubuntu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zbaven\u00e9 nepotrebn\u00e9ho, v r\u00e1mci na\u0161ich \u00faloh, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho prostredia pracovnej plochy. Ako sa hovor\u00ed, len konzola, len hardcore! A naozaj, to nie je prehnan\u00e9: ten ist\u00fd Debian sa rozbehne na 256 MB pam\u00e4te a jednom jadre s taktovan\u00edm 1 GHz, teda takmer na akomko\u013evek \"pa\u0159ezu\". Pre pohodln\u00fa pr\u00e1cu potrebujeme aspo\u0148 512 MB a tro\u0161ku v\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00ed procesor. Ale \u010do ak v\u00e1m povieme, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 nie\u010do je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykona\u0165 aj na VPS pod Windows? \u017de nie je potrebn\u00e9 in\u0161talova\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd Windows Server, ktor\u00fd potrebuje od troch do \u0161tyroch gigabajtov opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te a aspo\u0148 p\u00e1r jadier s taktovan\u00edm 1,4 GHz? Jednoducho vyu\u017eite Windows Server Core \u2014 zbavte sa GUI a niektor\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. O tom, ako to spravi\u0165, sa budeme bavi\u0165 v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kto je ten v\u00e1\u0161 Windows Server Core?<\/h2>\n<p>\nJasn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u010do je Windows (server) Core, ani na ofici\u00e1lnych str\u00e1nkach Microsoftu nie s\u00fa; presnej\u0161ie, je to tam tak zamotan\u00e9, \u017ee hne\u010f nepochop\u00edte, no prv\u00e9 zmienky siahaj\u00fa e\u0161te do \u00e9ry Windows Server 2008. V podstate, Windows Core je funk\u010dn\u00e9 jadro Windows Server (prekvapivo!), \"zhubnut\u00e9\" o ve\u013ekos\u0165 vlastn\u00e9ho GUI a asi polovicu ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eieb.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda Windows Core je nen\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 na hardv\u00e9r a \u00fapln\u00e9 riadenie cez PowerShell.<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa pozriete na web Microsoftu a skontrolujete technick\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky, pre spustenie Windows Server 2016\/2019 potrebujete aspo\u0148 2 GB opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te a minim\u00e1lne jedno jadro s taktovan\u00edm 1,4 GHz. Ale v\u0161etci ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee na takejto konfigur\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017eeme o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 len zapnutie syst\u00e9mu, ale ur\u010dite nie pohodln\u00fa pr\u00e1cu na\u0161ej OS. Pr\u00e1ve z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa na pr\u00e1cu Windows Server zvy\u010dajne vy\u010dle\u0148uje viac pam\u00e4te a minim\u00e1lne 2 jadr\u00e1\/4 vl\u00e1kna z procesora, ak jej teda v\u00f4bec neposkytuj\u00fa drah\u00fd fyzick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na niektorom Xeone, namiesto lacnej virtu\u00e1lnej ma\u0161iny.<\/p>\n<p>Pri tom samotn\u00e9 jadro serverov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vy\u017eaduje iba 512 MB pam\u00e4te, a prostriedky procesora, ktor\u00e9 zaberalo GUI len pre to, aby sa mohlo vykres\u013eova\u0165 na obrazovke a udr\u017eiava\u0165 spusten\u00e9 svoje po\u010detn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, m\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 na nie\u010do u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p>Tu je porovnanie podporovan\u00fdch slu\u017eieb Windows Core a plnohodnotn\u00e9ho Windows Servera z ofici\u00e1lnych str\u00e1nok Microsoftu:<\/p>\n<p><strong>application<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server core<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server s<\/strong><strong>desktop experience<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell\/ Microsoft .NET<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Perfmon.exe<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Windbg (GUI)<br \/>\npodporovan\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Resmon.exe<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Regedit<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Fsutil.exe<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Disksnapshot.exe<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Diskpart.exe<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Diskmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Devmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vca servera<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Mmc.exe<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Eventvwr<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Wevtutil (dotazy na udalosti)<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Slu\u017eby.msc<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Windows Update (GUI)<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Prieskumn\u00edk s\u00faborov<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Taskbar<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Ozn\u00e1menia na paneli \u00faloh<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Taskmgr<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Internet Explorer alebo Edge<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Vstavan\u00fd syst\u00e9m pomoci<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Shell Windows 10<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Windows Media Player<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell ISE<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell IME<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Mstsc.exe<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Slu\u017eby vzdialenej pracovnej plochy<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vca Hyper-V<br \/>\nnie je k dispoz\u00edcii<br \/>\ndostupn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>\nAko vidno, z Windows Core bolo vystrihnut\u00fdch ve\u013emi ve\u013ea. Pod no\u017eom skon\u010dili slu\u017eby a procesy s\u00favisiace s GUI syst\u00e9mu, ako aj v\u0161etok \"odpad\", ktor\u00fd nepochybne nebude potrebn\u00fd na na\u0161ej konzolovej virtu\u00e1lke, napr\u00edklad Windows Media Player.<\/p>\n<h2>Takmer ako Linux, ale nie je to on<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows Server Core by sa ve\u013emi r\u00e1d porovn\u00e1val s Linuxov\u00fdmi distrib\u00faciami, ale v skuto\u010dnosti to nie je celkom spr\u00e1vne. \u00c1no, tieto syst\u00e9my s\u00fa si podobn\u00e9 v zmysle zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho spotreby zdrojov v\u010faka absencii GUI a mnoh\u00fdch ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eieb, ale z poh\u013eadu prev\u00e1dzky a niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edstupov k zostaveniu, je to st\u00e1le Windows, a nie unixov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad \u2014 pomocou ru\u010dnej zostavy jadra Linux a n\u00e1slednej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie bal\u00edkov a slu\u017eieb, aj naj\u013eah\u0161ia Linuxov\u00e1 distrib\u00facia sa m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 na nie\u010do \u0165a\u017ekop\u00e1dne a podobn\u00e9 \u0161vaj\u010diarskemu no\u017eu (tu by sa ve\u013emi \u017eiadalo vtipkova\u0165 o Pythone a vlo\u017ei\u0165 obr\u00e1zok z s\u00e9rie \"Ak by programovacie jazyky boli zbra\u0148ami\", ale neurob\u00edme to). V Windows Core je tak\u00e1 sloboda ove\u013ea menej, ve\u010f sa, predsa len, zaober\u00e1me produktom Microsoft.<\/p>\n<p>Windows Server Core sa dod\u00e1va u\u017e ako pripraven\u00e1 zostava, predvolen\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu ktorej m\u00f4\u017eete oceni\u0165 pod\u013ea tabu\u013eky vy\u0161\u0161ie. Ak potrebujete nie\u010do zo z\u00e1sobn\u00edka nepodporovan\u00fdch, budete musie\u0165 online cez konzolu prid\u00e1va\u0165 ch\u00fdbaj\u00face prvky. Je pravda, \u017ee netreba zab\u00fada\u0165 na Feature on demand a mo\u017enos\u0165 stiahnu\u0165 komponenty ako CAB s\u00fabory, ktor\u00e9 potom m\u00f4\u017eete prida\u0165 do zostavy pred in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou. Ale tento scen\u00e1r nefunguje, ak ste u\u017e v priebehu pr\u00e1ce zistili, \u017ee v\u00e1m ch\u00fdba nejak\u00e1 z vystrihnut\u00fdch slu\u017eieb.<\/p>\n<p>Ale \u010do priaznivo odli\u0161uje Core verziu od plnej \u2014 je to mo\u017enos\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu a pridania slu\u017eieb bez zastavenia prev\u00e1dzky. Windows Core podporuje roz\u0165ahovanie bal\u00edkov \"na hor\u00faco\", bez re\u0161tartu. Ako v\u00fdsledok, zo praktick\u00fdch pozorovan\u00ed: stroj pod spr\u00e1vou Windows Core treba re\u0161tartova\u0165 pribli\u017ene 6-kr\u00e1t menej \u010dasto, ne\u017e pod spr\u00e1vou Windows Server, teda raz za pol roka, a nie raz za mesiac.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edjemn\u00fdm bonusom pre administr\u00e1torov bude, \u017ee ak sa syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edva tak, ako bol zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fd \u2014 cez konzolu, bez RDP \u2014 a nerob\u00ed sa z neho druh\u00fd Windows Server, st\u00e1va sa extr\u00e9mne zabezpe\u010den\u00fdm v porovnan\u00ed s plnou verziou. V\u0161etky v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny zranite\u013enost\u00ed Windows Server sa toti\u017e t\u00fdkaj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve RDP a akci\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd cez tento RDP rob\u00ed to, \u010do by nemal. Je to podobn\u00e9 ako v pr\u00edbehu o Henrym Fordovi a jeho n\u00e1zore na farbu automobilu: \"Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is <strong>\u010dierna<\/strong>'. Takto je to aj so syst\u00e9mom: pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee komunikova\u0165 so syst\u00e9mom ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom, d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby to robil cez <strong>konzolu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia a spr\u00e1va Windows Server 2019 Core<\/h2>\n<p>\nPredt\u00fdm sme spom\u00ednali, \u017ee Windows Core je v podstate Windows Server bez GUI. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 takmer ak\u00fako\u013evek verziu Windows Server ako core-verziu, teda vzda\u0165 sa GUI. Pre produkty rodiny Windows Server 2019 s\u00fa to 3 z 4 serverov\u00fdch buildov: core-m\u00f3d je dostupn\u00fd pre Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter a Hyper-V Server 2019, tak\u017ee z tohto zoznamu vypad\u00e1va len Windows Server 2019 Essentials. <\/p>\n<p>Pri tom nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne h\u013eada\u0165 in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fd bal\u00edk Windows Server Core. V \u0161tandardnom in\u0161tal\u00e1tore od Microsoftu je core-verzia pon\u00fakan\u00e1 prakticky ako predvolen\u00e1, zatia\u013e \u010do verzia s GUI sa mus\u00ed vybera\u0165 manu\u00e1lne:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8b2ca8401ef09ac026696a4007b615e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nMo\u017enost\u00ed spr\u00e1vy syst\u00e9mu je v skuto\u010dnosti viac ako len jeden spomenut\u00fd PowerShell, ktor\u00fd je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd v\u00fdrobcom. Spravova\u0165 virtu\u00e1lny stroj na Windows Server Core je mo\u017en\u00e9 minim\u00e1lne piatimi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Remote PowerShell;<\/li>\n<li>Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT);<\/li>\n<li>Windows Admin Center;<\/li>\n<li>Sconfig;<\/li>\n<li>Server Manager.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNajv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1ujem vzbudzuj\u00fa prv\u00e9 tri poz\u00edcie: \u0161tandardn\u00fd PowerShell, RSAT a Windows Admin Center. Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pochopi\u0165, \u017ee z\u00edskan\u00edm v\u00fdhod jedn\u00e9ho z n\u00e1strojov, dost\u00e1vame aj obmedzenia, ktor\u00e9 s n\u00edm prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti konzoly podrobne rozobera\u0165 nebudeme, PowerShell je PowerShell, so svojimi zjavn\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami. No s RSAT a WAC je to trochu zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>WAC poskytuje pr\u00edstup k tak\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prvkom spr\u00e1vy syst\u00e9mu, ako je \u00faprava registre a spr\u00e1va diskov a zariaden\u00ed. RSAT v prvom pr\u00edpade funguje iba v re\u017eime prezerania a nedovol\u00ed uskuto\u010dni\u0165 \u017eiadne zmeny, a na spr\u00e1vu diskov a fyzick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na spr\u00e1vu vzdialen\u00e9ho servera s GUI, \u010do na\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edpadom nie je. V podstate, RSAT nem\u00f4\u017ee pracova\u0165 s s\u00fabormi a, teda, s aktualiz\u00e1ciami, in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou\/odstra\u0148ovan\u00edm programov v \u00faprave registra.<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dSpr\u00e1va syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va komponentov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Editor registra<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nNie<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va siete<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Preh\u013ead udalost\u00ed<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Zdie\u013ean\u00e9 prie\u010dinky<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va diskov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nIba pre servery s GUI<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va zariaden\u00ed<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nIba pre servery s GUI<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va s\u00faborov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nNie<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va skup\u00edn<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va certifik\u00e1tov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Aktualiz\u00e1cie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nNie<\/p>\n<p>Odstr\u00e1nenie programov<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\nNie<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd monitor<br \/>\n\u00c1no<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>\nNa druhej strane, RSAT n\u00e1m poskytuje pln\u00fa kontrolu nad rolami na zariaden\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do Windows Admin Center nem\u00f4\u017ee v tomto smere doslova ni\u010d. Toto je porovnanie schopnost\u00ed RSAT a WAC v tomto aspekte, pre n\u00e1zornos\u0165:<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dSpr\u00e1va rol\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Advanced Thread Protection<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\nNie<\/p>\n<p>Windows Defender<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Kontajnery<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>AD Administrative Center<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>AD Domain and Trusts<br \/>\nNie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>AD sites and services<br \/>\nNie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>DHCP<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>DNS<br \/>\nN\u00c1H\u013dAD<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>DFS Manager<br \/>\nNie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>GPO Manager<br \/>\nNie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>IIS Manager<br \/>\nNie<br \/>\n\u00c1no<\/p>\n<p>Teda, u\u017e je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee pri zru\u0161en\u00ed GUI a PowerShell v prospech in\u00fdch prvkov kontroly, nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 obmedzi\u0165 sa na pou\u017eitie nejak\u00e9ho monon\u00e1stroja: na plnohodnotn\u00fa administr\u00e1ciu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach n\u00e1m bude potrebn\u00e1 aspo\u0148 kombin\u00e1cia RSAT a WAC. <\/p>\n<p>Treba tie\u017e pam\u00e4ta\u0165, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie WAC si vy\u017eaduje 150-180 megabajtov opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te. Windows Admin Center pri pripojen\u00ed vytvor\u00ed 3-4 rel\u00e1cie na strane servera, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa ukon\u010den\u00e9 ani pri odpojen\u00ed n\u00e1stroja od virtu\u00e1lneho stroja. E\u0161te WAC nefunguje so star\u0161\u00edmi verziami PowerShell, tak\u017ee budete potrebova\u0165 aspo\u0148 PowerShell 5.0. To v\u0161etko je v rozpore s na\u0161ou paradigmoj tvrdej \u00faspory zdrojov, no za komfort sa plat\u00ed. V na\u0161om pr\u00edpade \u2013 opera\u010dnou pam\u00e4\u0165ou. <\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou spr\u00e1vy Server Core je in\u0161tal\u00e1cia GUI prostredn\u00edctvom extern\u00fdch prostriedkov, aby sme nemuseli pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 tie tony odpadu, ktor\u00e9 prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v plnej verzii spolu s rozhran\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00e1me dve mo\u017enosti: nain\u0161talova\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fd Explorer alebo vyu\u017ei\u0165 Explorer++. Ako alternat\u00edva k posledn\u00e9mu posl\u00fa\u017ei ak\u00fdko\u013evek spr\u00e1vca s\u00faborov: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander a tak \u010falej. Posledn\u00fd je preferovate\u013en\u00fd, ak je pre v\u00e1s k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 \u00faspora opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te. Prida\u0165 Explorer++ alebo ak\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd spr\u00e1vca s\u00faborov m\u00f4\u017eete vytvoren\u00edm sie\u0165ovej zlo\u017eky a spusten\u00edm cez konzolu alebo pl\u00e1nova\u010d. <\/p>\n<p>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia plnohodnotn\u00e9ho Explorera n\u00e1m otvor\u00ed viac mo\u017enost\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci s programov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm vybaven\u00fdm UI. Na to sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/ru-ru\/windows-server\/get-started-19\/install-fod-19\">mus\u00edme obr\u00e1ti\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> na Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD), ktor\u00fd vr\u00e1ti do syst\u00e9mu MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe a dokonca Powershell ISE. Av\u0161ak za to budeme musie\u0165 zaplati\u0165, ako v pr\u00edpade WAC: bezn\u00e1dejne strat\u00edme pribli\u017ene 150-200 megabajtov opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00e9 bez milosti zhltne explorer.exe a in\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Aj ke\u010f na stroji nie je akt\u00edvny pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5b59284a6cd606b0878aea5068c45894.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/03a89f4d2c99ed9fcc588774b4618d1d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTakto vyzer\u00e1 spotreba pam\u00e4te syst\u00e9mom na strojoch s nat\u00edvnym bal\u00edkom Explorer a bez neho. <\/p>\n<p>Tu sa objavuje logick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: na \u010do v\u0161etky tieto krkolomn\u00e9 kroky s PowerShellom, FOD, spr\u00e1vcami s\u00faborov, ak\u00fdko\u013evek krok do\u013eava-doprava vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu spotreby opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te? Pre\u010do sa ob\u0165a\u017eova\u0165 s hromadou n\u00e1strojov a bl\u00fadi\u0165 sem a tam, aby ste si zabezpe\u010dili pohodln\u00fa pr\u00e1cu na Windows Server Core, ke\u010f m\u00f4\u017eete jednoducho na in\u0161talova\u0165 Windows Server 2016\/2019 a \u017ei\u0165 ako norm\u00e1lny \u010dlovek?<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f4vodov na pou\u017e\u00edvanie Server Core je nieko\u013eko. Prv\u00fd: spotreba pam\u00e4te je takmer dvojn\u00e1sobne men\u0161ia. Ak si to pam\u00e4t\u00e1te, toto krit\u00e9rium le\u017ealo na za\u010diatku na\u0161ej \u010dl\u00e1nku. Tu je pre porovnanie spotreba pam\u00e4te Windows Server 2019, porovnajte so screenshotmi o k\u00fasok vy\u0161\u0161ie:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4bda19f3561e1b7c1174aeb2f4689dc4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA tak, 1146 MB spotrebovanej pam\u00e4te namiesto 655 MB na Core.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ak predpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee WAC nebude potrebn\u00fd a vy budete pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Explorer++ namiesto p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho Explorera, tak <strong>st\u00e1le z\u00edskate takmer pol hekt\u00e1ra <\/strong>na ka\u017edej virtu\u00e1lnej ma\u0161ine pod spr\u00e1vou Windows Server. Ak je virtu\u00e1lka jedna, pr\u00edrastok je zanedbate\u013en\u00fd, ale ak ich je p\u00e4\u0165? Tu u\u017e m\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 GUI v\u00fdznam, najm\u00e4 ak ho nepotrebujete.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e9 \u2014 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek tance okolo Windows Server Core v\u00e1s nedoved\u00fa k boju s hlavnou probl\u00e9mom prev\u00e1dzky Windows Server \u2014 RDP a jeho bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou (presnej\u0161ie, jej \u00fapln\u00fdm nedostatkom). Windows Core aj s obmenou vo forme FOD, RSAT a WAC je st\u00e1le server bez RDP, teda nie je vystaven\u00fd 95% existuj\u00facim \u00fatokom.<\/p>\n<h2>V zostatku<\/h2>\n<p>\nCelkovo je Windows Core len o nie\u010do \"tu\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed\" ako ktor\u00fdko\u013evek \u0161tandardn\u00fd Linuxov\u00fd distribu\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ale ove\u013ea funk\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed. Ak potrebujete uvo\u013enenie zdrojov a ste pripraven\u00ed pracova\u0165 s pr\u00edkazov\u00fdm riadkom, WAC a RSAT, pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 s\u00faborov\u00e9 mana\u017e\u00e9ry namiesto plnohodnotn\u00e9ho GUI \u2014 potom by ste sa mali zamera\u0165 na Core. O to viac, \u017ee s \u0148ou nebudete musie\u0165 plati\u0165 za plnohodnotn\u00fd Windows, a u\u0161etren\u00e9 peniaze m\u00f4\u017eete investova\u0165 do roz\u0161\u00edrenia svojho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\">VPS<\/a><\/noindex>, napr\u00edklad pridan\u00edm RAM. Pre pohodlie sme pridali Windows Server Core do n\u00e1\u0161ho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">trhu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtesnenie Windows Server na slab\u00fa VPS pomocou Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/51bc5f4abc6841d658b5859e4ecedc92.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Windows-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 VPS \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian \u0438\u043b\u0438 Ubuntu, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0440! \u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 Debian \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 256 MB \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c 1 Ghz, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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