{"id":79546,"date":"2020-04-28T07:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-04-28T05:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/moj-opyt-i-sovety-po-sdache-ekzamena-certified-kubernetes-application-developer-ckad"},"modified":"2020-04-28T07:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-04-28T05:42:04","slug":"moj-opyt-i-sovety-po-sdache-ekzamena-certified-kubernetes-application-developer-ckad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/moj-opyt-i-sovety-po-sdache-ekzamena-certified-kubernetes-application-developer-ckad","title":{"rendered":"Moje sk\u00fasenosti a rady na zlo\u017eenie sk\u00fa\u0161ky Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Moje sk\u00fasenosti a rady na zlo\u017eenie sk\u00fa\u0161ky Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/f13cb68bc221b3208ed0af093706df03.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>Ned\u00e1vno som \u00faspe\u0161ne zlo\u017eil sk\u00fa\u0161ku Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) a z\u00edskal certifik\u00e1t. Dnes by som chcel porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o samotnom procese certifik\u00e1cie a o tom, ako som sa na \u0148u pripravoval. Pre m\u0148a to bola zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165 absolvovania online sk\u00fa\u0161ky pod pozorn\u00fdm doh\u013eadom exam\u00e1tora. Nebude tu \u017eiadna cenn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia, \u010dl\u00e1nok m\u00e1 \u010disto narat\u00edvny charakter. Okrem toho som nemal ve\u013ek\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti s pr\u00e1cou s Kubernetes a nemal som ani spolo\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00edpravu s kolegami, u\u010dil som sa a tr\u00e9noval s\u00e1m vo vo\u013enom \u010dase od pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<p>Som relat\u00edvne nov\u00fd v oblasti webov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja, ale ihne\u010f som si uvedomil, \u017ee bez aspo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed Dockeru a K8s sa \u010falej nedostaneme. \u00da\u010das\u0165 na kurze a pr\u00edprava na tak\u00fdto typ sk\u00fa\u0161ky mi pri\u0161la ako dobr\u00fd vstup do sveta kontajnerov a ich orchestr\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Ak e\u0161te st\u00e1le uva\u017eujete, \u017ee Kubernetes je pr\u00edli\u0161 zlo\u017eit\u00fd a nie je pre v\u00e1s, pros\u00edm, pre\u010d\u00edtajte si \u010falej.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u010co to je?<\/h3>\n<p>\nExistuj\u00fa dva typy certifik\u00e1ci\u00ed Kubernetes od Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) \u2013 overuje schopnos\u0165 navrhova\u0165, vytv\u00e1ra\u0165, nastavova\u0165 a publikova\u0165 cloud native aplik\u00e1cie pre Kubernetes. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka trv\u00e1 2 hodiny, obsahuje 19 \u00faloh, a potrebn\u00fd po\u010det bodov na zlo\u017eenie je 66%. Vy\u017eaduje sa pomerne z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 znalosti hlavn\u00fdch primit\u00edv.<\/li>\n<li>Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) \u2013 overuje zru\u010dnosti, vedomosti a kompetencie na vykon\u00e1vanie povinnost\u00ed administr\u00e1torov Kubernetes. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka trv\u00e1 3 hodiny, obsahuje 24 \u00faloh, a potrebn\u00fd po\u010det bodov na zlo\u017eenie je 74%. Vy\u017eaduje sa hlb\u0161ie porozumenie budovaniu a nastavovaniu syst\u00e9mov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCertifika\u010dn\u00e9 programy CKAD a CKA boli vyvinut\u00e9 fondom Cloud Native Computing Foundation s cie\u013eom roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 ekosyst\u00e9m Kubernetes prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania a certifik\u00e1cie. Tento fond bol zalo\u017een\u00fd Google v spolupr\u00e1ci s Linux Foundation, ktor\u00e9mu bol Kubernetes p\u00f4vodne odovzdan\u00fd ako po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd technologick\u00fd pr\u00edspevok a ktor\u00fd podporuj\u00fa tak\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti ako Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, Cisco, Intel, Red Hat a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie (c) Wiki <\/p>\n<p><i>In\u00fdmi slovami, s\u00fa to sk\u00fa\u0161ky od \u201ehlavnej organiz\u00e1cie\u201c v oblasti Kubernetes. Samozrejme, existuj\u00fa aj certifik\u00e1cie od in\u00fdch firiem.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u010do?<\/h3>\n<p>\nToto je asi najkontroverznej\u0161\u00ed bod v celom tomto podniku. Nechcem vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 diskusie o potrebnosti certifik\u00e1tov, jednoducho chcem veri\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tak\u00e9ho druhu certifik\u00e1tu pozit\u00edvne ovplyvn\u00ed moju hodnotu na trhu pr\u00e1ce. V\u0161etko je subjekt\u00edvne \u2014 nikdy neviete, \u010do pr\u00e1ve posl\u00fa\u017ei ako zlomov\u00fd moment pri rozhodovan\u00ed prija\u0165 v\u00e1s do zamestnania.<\/p>\n<p><i>P. S.: Pr\u00e1cu neh\u013ead\u00e1m, moment\u00e1lne som spokojn\u00fd\u2026 sn\u00e1\u010f len s relok\u00e1ciou niekde do USA.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00edprava<\/h3>\n<p>\nV teste CKAD je 19 ot\u00e1zok, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea t\u00e9m nasledovne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>13% \u2013 Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 koncepty <\/li>\n<li>18% \u2013 Konfigur\u00e1cia<\/li>\n<li>10% \u2013 Viacn\u00e1dobov\u00e9 podklady<\/li>\n<li>18% \u2013 Pozorovate\u013enos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>20% \u2013 N\u00e1vrh podn\u00e1dob<\/li>\n<li>13% \u2013 Slu\u017eby a sie\u0165ovanie <\/li>\n<li>8% \u2013 Trval\u00e9 ukladanie d\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa platforme Udemy je skvel\u00fd kurz od jedn\u00e9ho Inda menom Mumshad Mannambeth (odkaz bude na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku). Skuto\u010dne ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00fd materi\u00e1l za mal\u00fd poplatok. Najlep\u0161ie je, \u017ee po\u010das kurzu s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia v testovacom prostred\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm si osvojujete zru\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce v konzole.<\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd kurz som absolvoval a v\u0161etky praktick\u00e9 \u00falohy som si pre\u0161iel (samozrejme, bez nahliadania do odpoved\u00ed to ne\u0161lo), a tesne pred sk\u00fa\u0161kou som si e\u0161te raz prebehol v\u0161etky predn\u00e1\u0161ky pri zv\u00fd\u0161enej r\u00fdchlosti a zopakoval som dva posledn\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 testy (mock exams). Trvalo mi to asi mesiac v pokojnom tempe. Tieto materi\u00e1ly mi \u00faplne sta\u010dili na to, aby som so sebavedom\u00edm zlo\u017eil sk\u00fa\u0161ku s v\u00fdsledkom 91%. V jednom \u00fakole som niekde chyboval (NodePort nefungoval) a nieko\u013eko min\u00fat mi ch\u00fdbalo, aby som dokon\u010dil \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u00faloha s pripojen\u00edm ConfigMap zo s\u00faboru, hoci som rie\u0161enie poznal.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako prebieha sk\u00fa\u0161ka<\/h3>\n<p>\nSk\u00fa\u0161ka prebieha v prehliada\u010di, s zapnutou webkamerou a zdie\u013eanou obrazovkou. Pravidl\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ky vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby sa v miestnosti nenach\u00e1dzali cudz\u00ed \u013eudia. Ja som robil sk\u00fa\u0161ku, ke\u010f u\u017e v krajine zaviedli re\u017eim sebaizol\u00e1cie, preto bolo pre m\u0148a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 tich\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek, aby do miestnosti nevst\u00fapila man\u017eelka alebo aby die\u0165a nezasvietilo. Vybral som si hlbok\u00fa noc, na\u0161\u0165astie v\u00fdber \u010dasu je dostupn\u00fd pod\u013ea chuti.<\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010diatku sk\u00fa\u0161a\u010d po\u017eaduje, aby ste uk\u00e1zali svoj Prim\u00e1rny ID, ktor\u00fd obsahuje foto a Meno a Priezvisko (v latin\u010dine) \u2014 u m\u0148a to bol zahrani\u010dn\u00fd pas, a oto\u010di\u0165 webkameru na pracovn\u00fd st\u00f4l a miestnos\u0165, aby sa ubezpe\u010dil v nepr\u00edtomnosti cudz\u00edch predmetov.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das sk\u00fa\u0161ky je povolen\u00e9 ma\u0165 otvoren\u00fa e\u0161te jednu kartu prehliada\u010da s jedn\u00fdm z zdrojov:<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/\">https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/<\/a><\/noindex>\u200b,<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/\">https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/<\/a><\/noindex>\u200b alebo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/\">https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/<\/a><\/noindex>\u200b. Ja som mal dokument\u00e1ciu, to sta\u010dilo.<\/p>\n<p>V hlavnom okne, okrem textu \u00faloh, termin\u00e1lu a chatu s examinatorom, je k dispoz\u00edcii aj okno pre pozn\u00e1mky, do ktor\u00e9ho si m\u00f4\u017eete kop\u00edrova\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 men\u00e1 alebo pr\u00edkazy \u2014 p\u00e1rkr\u00e1t sa to hodilo.<\/p>\n<h3>Rady<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Pou\u017eite aliasy, aby ste u\u0161etrili \u010das. Tu je to, \u010do som pou\u017e\u00edval:\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">export ns=default # premenn\u00e1 pre namespace\nalias ku='kubectl' # skrat\u00edme hlavn\u00fa pr\u00edkaz\nalias kun='ku -n=$ns' # kubectl + namespace\nalias kudr='kun --dry-run -o=yaml' # ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 flagy na generovanie yaml opisu pre objekt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Zapam\u00e4tajte si kombin\u00e1cie flagov pre pr\u00edkaz <b>run<\/b>, aby ste r\u00fdchlo generovali yaml pre r\u00f4zne objekty \u2014 pod\/deploy\/job\/cronjob (aj ke\u010f nie je nutn\u00e9 ich zapam\u00e4ta\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eete sa jednoducho pozrie\u0165 na pomoc s flagom <b>-h<\/b>):\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">kudr run pod1 --image=nginx --restart=Never &gt; pod1.yaml\nkudr run deploy1 --image=nginx &gt; deploy1.yaml\nkudr run job1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure &gt; job1.yaml\nkudr run cronjob1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure --schedule=\"*\/1 * * * *\" &gt; cronjob1.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017eite skr\u00e1ten\u00e9 men\u00e1 zdrojov:\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ku get ns # namiesto namespaces\nku get deploy # namiesto deployments\nku get pv # namiesto persistentvolumes\nku get pvc # namiesto persistentvolumeclaims\nku get svc # namiesto services\n# at\u010f., kompletn\u00fd zoznam si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 pomocou pr\u00edkazu: \nkubectl api-resources<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vne si rozde\u013ete \u010das na vykonanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00faloh, nezdr\u017eiavajte sa na nie\u010dom jednom, presko\u010dte ot\u00e1zky a pokra\u010dujte \u010falej. Na za\u010diatku som si myslel, \u017ee pln\u00edm \u00falohy ve\u013emi vysok\u00fdm tempom a \u00faspe\u0161ne skon\u010d\u00edm test sk\u00f4r, ale nakoniec som nestihol dokon\u010di\u0165 dve \u00falohy. V skuto\u010dnosti je \u010das na sk\u00fa\u0161ku ve\u013emi tesn\u00fd a v\u0161etky 2 hodiny prejd\u00fa v nap\u00e4t\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Nezabudnite prep\u00edna\u0165 kontext \u2014 na za\u010diatku ka\u017edej \u00falohy je dan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz na prep\u00ednanie, aby ste pracovali v spr\u00e1vnom klastri. <br \/>\nTaktie\u017e sledujte namespace. Na to som pou\u017eil e\u0161te jeden trik:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">alias kun='echo namespace=$ns &amp;&amp; ku -n=$ns' # pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed ka\u017edej pr\u00edkazu mi na prvej riadku vypisoval aktu\u00e1lny namespace<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nems\u013ete s platen\u00edm certifik\u00e1cie, po\u010dkajte na z\u013eavy. Autor kurzu \u010dasto posiela do e-mailu promok\u00f3dy so z\u013eavami 20-30%<\/li>\n<li>Nau\u010dte sa u\u017e kone\u010dne vim \ud83d\ude42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Odkazy:<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cncf.io\/certification\/ckad\/\">www.cncf.io\/certification\/ckad<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 samotn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka certifik\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/certified-kubernetes-application-developer\/\">www.udemy.com\/course\/certified-kubernetes-application-developer<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd kurz na pr\u00edpravu, v\u0161etko zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 a s ilustr\u00e1ciami<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lucassha\/CKAD-resources\">github.com\/lucassha\/CKAD-resources<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy a pozn\u00e1mky o sk\u00fa\u0161ke<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/425683\/\">habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/425683<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 pr\u00edbeh od kolegov z Habr o absolvovan\u00ed zlo\u017eitej\u0161ej sk\u00fa\u0161ky CKA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/499182\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0430\u043b \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":79547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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