{"id":79785,"date":"2020-04-30T19:42:54","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T17:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/resheniya-hpe-dlya-organizaczii-udalennoj-raboty"},"modified":"2020-04-30T19:42:54","modified_gmt":"2020-04-30T17:42:54","slug":"resheniya-hpe-dlya-organizaczii-udalennoj-raboty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/resheniya-hpe-dlya-organizaczii-udalennoj-raboty","title":{"rendered":"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dnes v\u00e1m poviem pr\u00edbeh. Pr\u00edbeh evol\u00facie v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej techniky a vzniku vzdialen\u00fdch pracov\u00edsk od d\u00e1vnych \u010dias a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<h2>Rozvoj IT<\/h2>\n<p>\nHlavn\u00fd odkaz z hist\u00f3rie IT je...<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5fba7e67d6c5aaef03d265390dd65e72.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSamozrejme, \u017ee IT sa vyv\u00edja \u0161pir\u00e1lovito. Tieto ist\u00e9 rie\u0161enia a koncepty, ktor\u00e9 boli pred desiatkami rokov zamietnut\u00e9, z\u00edskavaj\u00fa nov\u00fd zmysel a \u00faspe\u0161ne funguj\u00fa za nov\u00fdch podmienok, pri nov\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch a na nov\u00fdch kapacit\u00e1ch. V tomto sa IT nijako nel\u00ed\u0161i od in\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u013eudskej znalosti a hist\u00f3rie Zeme ako celku.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/26d0be213b6e8d230db58de9b74e9f9d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Kedysi d\u00e1vno, ke\u010f boli po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ve\u013ek\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee na svete existuje trh pribli\u017ene pre p\u00e4\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u201c, povedal \u0161\u00e9f IBM Thomas Watson v roku 1943.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ran\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 technika bola obrovsk\u00e1. Nie, nespr\u00e1vne, ran\u00e1 technika bola obrovsk\u00e1, cyklopsk\u00e1. Cel\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd stroj zaber\u00e1 plochu porovnate\u013en\u00fa so \u0161portovou halou a st\u00e1l \u00faplne nerealistick\u00e9 peniaze. Ako pr\u00edklad s\u00fa\u010diastok m\u00f4\u017eeme uvies\u0165 modul opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te na feritov\u00fdch prstencoch (1964).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4e69572ec6e6e92477d426cc29e39d58.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTento modul m\u00e1 rozmer 11 cm * 11 cm a kapacitu 512 bajtov (4096 bitov). Skri\u0148a, \u00faplne zaplnen\u00e1 t\u00fdmito modulmi, sotva mala kapacitu dne\u0161nej u\u017e starod\u00e1vnej disketovej jednotky 3,5\u201d (1.44 MB = 2950 modulov), pri\u010dom spotrebovala v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo elektrickej energie a zahrievala sa ako parn\u00fd stroj.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve s obrovsk\u00fdmi rozmermi s\u00favis\u00ed aj anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zov ladeniu programov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du \u2014 \u201cdebugging\u201d. Jedna z prv\u00fdch program\u00e1toriek v hist\u00f3rii, Grace Hopper (\u00e1no, \u00e1no, \u017eena), d\u00f4stojn\u00ed\u010dka n\u00e1morn\u00fdch s\u00edl, urobila v roku 1945 z\u00e1pis do denn\u00edka svojich \u010dinnost\u00ed po vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed poruchy v programe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fd13f358f1404581556fd2efc653bb10.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKe\u010f\u017ee moth (moth) je v be\u017enom pr\u00edpade bug (chyba), v\u0161etky \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my a opatrenia na ich rie\u0161enie person\u00e1l hl\u00e1sil nadriaden\u00fdm ako \u201cdebugging\u201d (doslovne odstra\u0148ovanie ch\u00fdb), tak sa n\u00e1zov pre z\u00e1vady programov a chyby v k\u00f3de napevno usadil ako bug, a ladenie sa stalo debagovan\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>S rozvojom elektroniky a najm\u00e4 polovodi\u010dovej elektroniky sa fyzick\u00e9 rozmery strojov za\u010dali zmen\u0161ova\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd v\u00fdkon naopak r\u00e1stol. Ale aj v tomto pr\u00edpade nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 da\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu osobn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> \u201eNie je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do by niekto chcel ma\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d doma\u201c \u2014 Ken Olsen, zakladate\u013e DEC, 1977. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>V 70. rokoch sa objavuje term\u00edn mini-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si, \u017ee ke\u010f som prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pre\u010d\u00edtal tento term\u00edn pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi, predstavil som si nie\u010do ako netbook, takmer vreckov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Nemohol som by\u0165 \u010falej od pravdy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/168e3a3151480e620d88f991ea2ea546.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMini \u2014 je len v porovnan\u00ed s obrovsk\u00fdmi strojov\u00fdmi halami, ale st\u00e1le ide o nieko\u013eko skr\u00ed\u0148 so zariaden\u00edm v hodnote stoviek tis\u00edc a mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. Av\u0161ak v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 kapacita u\u017e vzr\u00e1stla nato\u013eko, \u017ee nebola v\u017edy vy\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 na 100 %, a pritom sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010de za\u010dali st\u00e1va\u0165 dostupn\u00fdmi \u0161tudentom a u\u010dite\u013eom univerz\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>A vtedy pri\u0161iel ON!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/168ca78fa65e47e0d8c4b1351fd14722.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMnoh\u00ed sa nezam\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa nad latinsk\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi v anglickom jazyku, ale pr\u00e1ve on n\u00e1m priniesol vzdialen\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ak\u00fd pozn\u00e1me dnes. Terminus (lat.) \u2014 koniec, hranica, cie\u013e. Cie\u013eom Termin\u00e1tora T800 bolo ukon\u010di\u0165 \u017eivot Johna Connora. Takisto vieme, \u017ee dopravn\u00e9 stanice, na ktor\u00fdch sa vykon\u00e1va nastupovanie a vystupovanie cestuj\u00facich alebo nakl\u00e1dka a vykl\u00e1dka tovaru, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa termin\u00e1ly \u2014 kone\u010dn\u00e9 ciele tr\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea toho sa objavila koncepcia termin\u00e1lov\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu a m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed termin\u00e1l na svete, ktor\u00fd \u017eije aj v na\u0161ich srdciach.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cfdceadbc5867d45cb81c58ef45c054d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDEC VT100 sa naz\u00fdva termin\u00e1l, preto\u017ee ukon\u010duje informa\u010dn\u00fa linku. M\u00e1 vlastne nulov\u00fa v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fa kapacitu a jeho jedinou \u00falohou je zobrazi\u0165 inform\u00e1cie prijat\u00e9 z ve\u013ek\u00e9ho stroja a pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 na stroj vstup z kl\u00e1vesnice. A hoci VT100 fyzicky d\u00e1vno zomreli, st\u00e1le ich plne vyu\u017e\u00edvame.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dbbb22655bc96d5499679f421ecb4579.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Na\u0161e dni<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u201eNa\u0161e dni\u201c by som za\u010dal od za\u010diatku 80. rokov, od momentu objavenia prv\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch \u0161irokej verejnosti procesorov so zna\u010dnou v\u00fdpo\u010dtovou kapacitou. Tradi\u010dne sa pova\u017euje, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdm procesorom tejto \u00e9ry sa stal Intel 8088 (rodina x86) ako zakladate\u013e v\u00ed\u0165aznej architekt\u00fary. Ak\u00fd je teda z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel s koncepciou 70. rokov?<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t sa objavuje tendencia presun\u00fa\u0165 spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z centra na perif\u00e9riu. R\u00f4zne \u00falohy nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161ialen\u00e9 (v porovnan\u00ed s slab\u00fdm x86) v\u00fdkony mainframe alebo aj mini po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Intel nezah\u00e1\u013ea, v 90. rokoch uv\u00e1dza rodinu Pentium, ktor\u00e1 sa st\u00e1va skuto\u010dne prv\u00fdm masov\u00fdm dom\u00e1cim po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom v Rusku. Tieto procesory s\u00fa u\u017e schopn\u00e9 ve\u013ea, nielen nap\u00edsa\u0165 list \u2014 ale aj multim\u00e9di\u00e1 a pracova\u0165 s mal\u00fdmi datab\u00e1zami. V skuto\u010dnosti pre mal\u00e9 podniky, kompletn\u00e1 potreba serverov prakticky odpad\u00e1 \u2014 v\u0161etko sa d\u00e1 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 na perif\u00e9rii, na klientsk\u00fdch strojoch. S ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom s\u00fa procesory mocnej\u0161ie a rozdiel medzi servermi a osobn\u00fdmi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi je \u010doraz men\u0161\u00ed z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej sily, \u010dasto zost\u00e1va len v rezervovan\u00ed nap\u00e1jania, podpore hor\u00facej v\u00fdmeny a \u0161peci\u00e1lnych sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ach na mont\u00e1\u017e do stojanov.<\/p>\n<p>Ak porovn\u00e1me s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 klientsk\u00e9 procesory s \"vtipn\u00fdmi\" \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi servermi z 90. rokov od spolo\u010dnosti Intel a superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi z minulosti, tak by sme sa c\u00edtili trochu nepohodlne.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na star\u00e9ho p\u00e1na, ktor\u00fd je takmer moj\u00edm rovesn\u00edkom. Cray X-MP\/24 z roku 1984.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8ce445de3fa48566c812dfa038506bb9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTento stroj sa nach\u00e1dzal v top superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010doch roku 1984, mal 2 procesory s 105 MHz s maxim\u00e1lnym v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom 400 MFlops (mili\u00f3nov oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s pl\u00e1vaj\u00facou desatinnou \u010diarkou). Konkr\u00e9tne ten stroj, ktor\u00fd je zobrazen\u00fd na fotografii, st\u00e1l v laborat\u00f3riu kryptografie NSA USA a zaoberal sa l\u00e1man\u00edm k\u00f3dov. Ak prevedieme 15 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov z roku 1984 na dol\u00e1re roku 2020, tak cena predstavuje 37,4 mili\u00f3na, alebo 93 500 dol\u00e1rov \/ MFlops.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3016145ce09612019aedc8043b8dbd62.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV stroji, na ktorom p\u00ed\u0161em tieto riadky, je procesor Core i5-7400 z roku 2017, ktor\u00fd nie je u\u017e nov\u00fd, a aj v roku svojho vydania bol najslab\u0161\u00edm 4-jadrov\u00fdm zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch desktopov\u00fdch procesorov strednej \u00farovne. 4 jadra s z\u00e1kladnou frekvenciou 3.0 GHz (3.5 s Turbo Boost) a zdvojenie vl\u00e1kien HyperThreading poskytuj\u00fa od 19 do 47 GFlops v\u00fdkonu pri r\u00f4znych testoch pri cene 16 tis\u00edc rub\u013eov za procesor. Ak by sme poskladali stroj \u00faplne, jeho cena by mohla by\u0165 prijat\u00e1 ako 750 dol\u00e1rov (pod\u013ea cien a kurzu k 1. marcu 2020). <\/p>\n<p>Nakoniec dosahujeme prevahu celkom priemern\u00e9ho desktopov\u00e9ho procesora dne\u0161ka o 50-120 kr\u00e1t nad superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010dom z top10 dosiahnute\u013enej minulosti, pri\u010dom pokles jednotkov\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov na MFlops sa st\u00e1va celkom ohromuj\u00facim 93500 \/ 25 = 3700 kr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Pre\u010do s\u00fa n\u00e1m e\u0161te st\u00e1le potrebn\u00e9 servery a centraliz\u00e1cia v\u00fdpo\u010dtov pri tak\u00fdchto v\u00fdkonoch na perif\u00e9rii \u2014 to je skuto\u010dne nejasn\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h2>Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd skok \u2014 \u0161pir\u00e1la urobila obrat<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Bezdiskov\u00e9 stanice<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrv\u00fdm sign\u00e1lom, \u017ee presun v\u00fdpo\u010dtov na perif\u00e9riu nebude kone\u010dn\u00fd, bolo zavedenie technol\u00f3gie bezdiskov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc. Pri ve\u013ekom rozlo\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc na \u00fazem\u00ed podniku, a najm\u00e4 v zne\u010disten\u00fdch miestnostiach, sa ve\u013emi ostro vyn\u00e1ra ot\u00e1zka spr\u00e1vy a podpory t\u00fdchto stan\u00edc. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8b97cb4627aa5f0f701c8bc13f62f667.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nObjavuje sa pojem \"korridorov\u00fd \u010das\" \u2014 ten percentu\u00e1lny \u010das, kedy je zamestnanec technickej podpory v chodbe, na ceste k zamestnancovi s probl\u00e9mom. Tento \u010das je platen\u00fd, ale \u00faplne neproduktivn\u00fd. Nie mal\u00fa \u00falohu, najm\u00e4 v zne\u010disten\u00fdch priestoroch, zohr\u00e1vali v\u00fdpadky pevn\u00fdch diskov. Po\u010fme z pracovnej stanice odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 disk, a v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 vybav\u00edme cez sie\u0165, vr\u00e1tane spustenia. Sie\u0165ov\u00fd adapt\u00e9r dost\u00e1va okrem adresy od DHCP servera aj dodato\u010dn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie \u2014 adresu TFTP servera (zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd servis) a n\u00e1zov sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acieho obrazu, ktor\u00fd na\u010d\u00edta do opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te a \u0161tartuje stroj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/79060981eb9de5b248c164aa950e6063.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOkrem men\u0161ieho po\u010dtu por\u00fach a zn\u00ed\u017eenia korridorov\u00e9ho \u010dasu, teraz nie je potrebn\u00e9 dola\u010fova\u0165 stroj na mieste, ale jednoducho prinies\u0165 nov\u00fd a vzia\u0165 star\u00fd na diagnostiku na vybaven\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesto. Ale to nie je v\u0161etko!<\/p>\n<p>Bezdiskov\u00e1 stanica sa st\u00e1va ove\u013ea bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ou \u2014 ak by n\u00e1hodou niekto vnikol do miestnosti a odniesol v\u0161etky po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, to s\u00fa len straty zariadenia. \u017diadne d\u00e1ta sa neuchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa na bezdiskov\u00fdch staniciach.<\/p>\n<p>Zapam\u00e4tajme si tento okamih, informa\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 hr\u00e1 \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u00falohu po \"bezstarostnom detstve\" informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. A v IT sa \u010doraz viac vmie\u0161avaj\u00fa desiv\u00e9 a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 3 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 \u2014 GRC (Governance, Risk, Compliance), alebo po slovensky \"Riadenos\u0165, Riziko, Zhoda\".<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/60bd5d1432b37f4a31bba4f93b6d74f5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Termin\u00e1lne servery<\/h3>\n<p>\nMas\u00edvne roz\u0161\u00edrenie \u010doraz v\u00fdkonej\u0161\u00edch osobn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov na perif\u00e9ri\u00e1ch predbehlo v\u00fdvoj verejn\u00fdch siet\u00ed. Klasick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie typu klient-server z 90. rokov a za\u010diatku 00. rokov nefungovali ve\u013emi dobre cez tenk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, ak v\u00fdmena \u00fadajov dosiahla ak\u00e9ko\u013evek v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 hodnoty. Toto bolo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 pre vzdialen\u00e9 kancel\u00e1rie, ktor\u00e9 sa prip\u00e1jali cez modem a telef\u00f3nnu linku, ktor\u00e1 navy\u0161e ob\u010das zam\u0155zala alebo sa preru\u0161ovala. A...<\/p>\n<p>\u0160pir\u00e1la sa oto\u010dila a op\u00e4\u0165 sme sa dostali do termin\u00e1lov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu s konceptom termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch serverov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/86f1d05276e20167b5bc0e8bc65f24a9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV skuto\u010dnosti sme sa vr\u00e1tili do 70. rokov s ich nulov\u00fdmi klientmi a centraliz\u00e1ciou v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej moci. Ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo sa stalo jasn\u00fdm, \u017ee okrem \u010disto ekonomickej str\u00e1nky s intervalmi termin\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup poskytuje obrovsk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti organiz\u00e1cie bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho vonkaj\u0161ieho pr\u00edstupu, vr\u00e1tane mo\u017enosti pr\u00e1ce z domu pre zamestnancov, alebo ve\u013emi obmedzen\u00e9ho a kontrolovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu kontraktorom z ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch siet\u00ed a ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch\/neovl\u00e1date\u013en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 servery, aj so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi svojimi v\u00fdhodami a progres\u00edvnos\u0165ou, mali aj mno\u017estvo nev\u00fdhod \u2014 n\u00edzka flexibilita, probl\u00e9m s hlu\u010dn\u00fdm susedom, striktn\u00e9 serverov\u00e9 Windows at\u010f.<\/p>\n<h3>Zrodenie pr Proto VDI<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e34f1ac6c7cafd5994d84494e3831cef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPravda je, \u017ee na za\u010diatku a v polovici 00. rokov u\u017e na sc\u00e9nu vstupoval priemyseln\u00fd virtualiza\u010dn\u00fd x86. A niekto jednoducho vyslovil my\u0161lienku, ktor\u00e1 visela vo vzduchu: \u010do keby sme namiesto centraliz\u00e1cie v\u0161etk\u00fdch klientov na serverov\u00fdch termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch farm\u00e1ch dali ka\u017ed\u00e9mu jeho osobn\u00fa virtu\u00e1lnu ma\u0161inu s klientsk\u00fdm Windows a dokonca administr\u00e1torsk\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom?<\/p>\n<h3>Zrieknutie sa \u201ehrub\u00fdch\u201c klientov<\/h3>\n<p>\nPopri virtualiz\u00e1cii rel\u00e1ci\u00ed a opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov sa vyv\u00edjal aj pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd sa zameriaval na zjednodu\u0161enie funkcie klienta na \u00farovni aplik\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n<p>Logika za t\u00fdm bola dos\u0165 jednoduch\u00e1, preto\u017ee osobn\u00e9 notebooky neboli e\u0161te u v\u0161etk\u00fdch, internet tie\u017e nebol dostupn\u00fd pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho a mnoh\u00ed sa mohli pripoji\u0165 len z internetov\u00fdch kaviarn\u00ed s ve\u013emi obmedzen\u00fdmi, jemne povedan\u00e9, pr\u00e1vami. V skuto\u010dnosti bolo v\u0161etko, \u010do sa dalo spusti\u0165 \u2014 prehliada\u010d. Prehliada\u010d sa stal neodmyslite\u013en\u00fdm atrib\u00fatom opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, internet pevne vstupoval do n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00fdmi slovami, paralelne prebiehal trend presunu logiky z klienta do centra vo forme webov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, na pr\u00edstup k ktor\u00fdm bol potrebn\u00fd iba ten najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed klient, internet a prehliada\u010d.<br \/>\nA my sme sa ocitli nie len tam, kde sme za\u010d\u00ednali \u2014 s nulov\u00fdmi klientmi a centr\u00e1lnymi servermi. Dostali sme sa tam nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi cestami.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/d0fb27a9b8a2de740e42d8a5be6f58d2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Virtual Desktop Infrastructure <\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Broker<\/h3>\n<p>\nV roku 2007, l\u00edder trhu priemyselnej virtualiz\u00e1cie, VMware, vydal svoju prv\u00fa verziu produktu VDM (Virtual Desktop Manager), ktor\u00fd sa stal de facto prv\u00fdm v pr\u00e1ve sa formuj\u00facom trhu virtu\u00e1lnych desktopov. Samozrejme, na odpove\u010f od l\u00eddra termin\u00e1lnych serverov Citrix sme nemuseli dlho \u010daka\u0165 a v roku 2008, s akviz\u00edciou XenSource, sa objavuje XenDesktop. Bezpochyby existovali aj in\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia so svojimi ponukami, ale nebudeme sa pr\u00edli\u0161 hlboko zaobera\u0165 hist\u00f3riou a odbo\u010dova\u0165 od konceptu.<\/p>\n<p>A st\u00e1le sa tento koncept zachov\u00e1va. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou VDI je broker pripojen\u00ed.<br \/>\nPresne to je srdce infra\u0161trukt\u00fary virtu\u00e1lnych desktopov. <\/p>\n<p>Broker zodpoved\u00e1 za najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie procesy fungovania VDI:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ur\u010duje dostupn\u00e9 zdroje pre pripojen\u00e9ho klienta (stroje\/sesie);<\/li>\n<li>Vyva\u017euje pod\u013ea potreby klientov v skupin\u00e1ch strojov\/ses\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Nastavuje klienta na vybran\u00fd zdroj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDnes m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 klientom (termin\u00e1lom) pre VDI prakticky \u010doko\u013evek, \u010do m\u00e1 obrazovku \u2014 notebook, smartf\u00f3n, tablet, kiosk, tenk\u00fd alebo nulov\u00fd klient. A odpovedaj\u00facou \u010das\u0165ou, tou, ktor\u00e1 vykon\u00e1va produkt\u00edvnu z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e \u2014 je rel\u00e1cia termin\u00e1lneho servera, fyzick\u00fd stroj, virtu\u00e1lny stroj. Modern\u00e9 zrel\u00e9 produkty VDI s\u00fa \u00fazko integrovan\u00e9 s virtu\u00e1lnou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou a samostatne ju spravuj\u00fa v automatickom re\u017eime, nasadzuj\u00face alebo naopak odstra\u0148uj\u00face u\u017e nepotrebn\u00e9 virtu\u00e1lne stroje. <\/p>\n<p>Trochu bokom, ale pre niektor\u00fdch klientov mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eitou technol\u00f3giou VDI, je podpora hardv\u00e9rovej akceler\u00e1cie 3D grafiky pre pr\u00e1cu projektantov alebo dizajn\u00e9rov.<\/p>\n<h3>Protokol<\/h3>\n<p>\nDruhou mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zrel\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia VDI je protokol pr\u00edstupu k virtu\u00e1lnym zdrojom. Ak ide o pr\u00e1cu v r\u00e1mci firemnej lok\u00e1lnej siete s vynikaj\u00facou spo\u013eahlivou sie\u0165ou 1 Gbps a oneskoren\u00edm 1 ms, m\u00f4\u017eete bra\u0165 prakticky ak\u00fdko\u013evek a v\u00f4bec nad t\u00fdm nerozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pri pripojen\u00ed na neregulovan\u00fa sie\u0165 je potrebn\u00e9 uva\u017eova\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee kvalita tejto siete m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u00faplne r\u00f4zna, od r\u00fdchlost\u00ed desiatok kilobitov a\u017e po nepravideln\u00e9 oneskorenia. Pre organizovanie skuto\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce na dia\u013eku, z v\u00edkendov\u00fdch domov, z domova, z let\u00edsk a re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed, s\u00fa preto k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9. <\/p>\n<h3>Term\u00ednov\u00e9 servery vs klientsk\u00e9 VM<\/h3>\n<p>\nKe\u010f sa objavilo VDI, zdalo sa, \u017ee s termin\u00e1lnymi servermi je koniec. Ak\u00fd je ich d\u00f4vod, ak m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd svoju osobn\u00fa VM?<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak z poh\u013eadu \u010distej ekonomiky sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pre typick\u00e9 masov\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesta, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa si navz\u00e1jom podobn\u00e9, zatia\u013e nie je ni\u010d efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie ako termin\u00e1lne servery z h\u013eadiska ceny \/ rel\u00e1cie. Napriek svojim v\u00fdhod\u00e1m pr\u00edstup \u201e1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e = 1 VM\u201c spotrebov\u00e1va podstatne viac zdrojov na virtu\u00e1lny hardv\u00e9r a plnohodnotn\u00fd OS, \u010do zhor\u0161uje ekonomiku na typick\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miestach.<\/p>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade pracovn\u00fdch miest top mana\u017e\u00e9rov, atypick\u00fdch a za\u0165a\u017een\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest, kde je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 vysok\u00e9 pr\u00e1va (a\u017e po administr\u00e1tora), m\u00e1 v\u00fdhodu vyhraden\u00e1 VM na pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. V r\u00e1mci tejto VM je mo\u017en\u00e9 individu\u00e1lne pride\u013eova\u0165 zdroje, poskytova\u0165 pr\u00e1va ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u00farovne a vyva\u017eova\u0165 VM medzi hostite\u013emi virtualiz\u00e1cie pri vysok\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eiach.<\/p>\n<h3>VDI a ekonomika<\/h3>\n<p>\nRoky po\u010d\u00favam t\u00fa ist\u00fa ot\u00e1zku - pre\u010do nie je VDI lacnej\u0161ie ako rozd\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm notebooky? A roky odpoved\u00e1m na t\u00fa ist\u00fa ot\u00e1zku: v pr\u00edpade be\u017en\u00fdch kancel\u00e1rskych zamestnancov nie je VDI lacnej\u0161ie, ak berieme do \u00favahy \u010disto n\u00e1klady na vybavenie. Notebooky, to sa ned\u00e1 ignorova\u0165, zlac\u0148uj\u00fa, ale servery, \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a syst\u00e9mov\u00fd softv\u00e9r stoja dos\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9 peniaze. Ak nastal \u010das na moderniz\u00e1ciu v\u00e1\u0161ho vybavenia a sna\u017e\u00edte sa u\u0161etri\u0165 cez VDI - nie, neu\u0161etr\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e som spom\u00ednal stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 tri p\u00edsmen\u00e1 GRC - VDI je o GRC. Ide o riadenie riz\u00edk, o bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a pohodlie kontrolovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k \u00fadajom. A to v\u0161etko zvy\u010dajne vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 invest\u00edcie na zavedenie do r\u00f4znorod\u00e9ho hardv\u00e9ru. S pomocou VDI sa kontrola zjednodu\u0161uje, bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 sa zvy\u0161uje a vlasy s\u00fa m\u00e4kk\u00e9 a hodv\u00e1bne.<\/p>\n<h2>Rie\u0161enia HPE pre pr\u00e1cu na dia\u013eku<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Dia\u013ekov\u00e9 a cloudov\u00e9 riadenie<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>iLO<\/h4>\n<p>\nSpolo\u010dnos\u0165 HPE nie je \u017eiadnym nov\u00e1\u010dikom v oblasti vzdialen\u00e9ho riadenia serverovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. V marci osl\u00e1vila legend\u00e1rna technol\u00f3gia iLO (Integrated Lights Out) u\u017e 18 rokov. Ke\u010f si spom\u00ednam na svoje administr\u00e1torsk\u00e9 \u010dasy v 00. rokoch, nemohol som sa ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 za in\u00fdm. Prim\u00e1rna mont\u00e1\u017e do rackov a pripojenie k\u00e1blov \u2014 to bolo v\u0161etko, \u010do bolo potrebn\u00e9 spravi\u0165 v hlu\u010dnom a chladnom d\u00e1tovom centre. V\u0161etok ostatn\u00fd \u010das konfigur\u00e1cia, vr\u00e1tane in\u0161tal\u00e1cie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, sa mohla robi\u0165 z pracovn\u00e9ho miesta so zameran\u00edm na dva monitory a \u0161\u00e1lku hor\u00facej k\u00e1vy. A to bolo pred 13 rokmi!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/0d85c3d8e2ac04999d28fe1b40afc6d3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDnes s\u00fa servery HPE opr\u00e1vnene nepopierate\u013en\u00fdm mnohoro\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161tandardom kvality \u2014 a nepochybne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa rolu v tom zohr\u00e1va zlat\u00fd \u0161tandard syst\u00e9mu vzdialen\u00e9ho riadenia \u2014 iLO.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/94be1fab8eff5b59967f3d0ff6816a4f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nChcem osobitne vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165 akcie HPE v zachovan\u00ed kontroly \u013eudstva nad koronav\u00edrusom. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hpe.com\/us\/en\/resources\/integrated-systems\/ilo-advanced-trial.html\">HPE ozn\u00e1mila<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee do konca roku 2020 (minim\u00e1lne) bude licencia iLO Advanced dostupn\u00e1 v\u0161etk\u00fdm zdarma.<\/p>\n<h4>Infosight<\/h4>\n<p>\nAk m\u00e1te viac ako 10 serverov v infra\u0161trukt\u00fare a administr\u00e1tor sa nenud\u00ed, ur\u010dite bude skvel\u00fdm doplnkom k \u0161tandardn\u00fdm monitorovac\u00edm n\u00e1strojom cloudov\u00fd syst\u00e9m HPE Infosight zalo\u017een\u00fd na umelej inteligencii. Syst\u00e9m nielen\u017ee monitoruje stav a vytv\u00e1ra grafy, ale aj samo\u010dinne odpor\u00fa\u010da \u010fal\u0161ie kroky na z\u00e1klade aktu\u00e1lnej situ\u00e1cie a trendov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/57fd7ba3bc7869e93f38994d0ba043ba.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/084c6c0395679e94a3003975bc8375f8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nBu\u010f inteligentn\u00fd, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.open.ru\/about\/press\/44761\">bu\u010f ako banka \u201eOtkrytie\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, vysk\u00fa\u0161aj Infosight!<\/p>\n<h4>OneView<\/h4>\n<p>\nNakoniec, ale nie menej d\u00f4le\u017eite, chcem vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165 HPE OneView \u2014 cel\u00fd produktov\u00fd portf\u00f3liou s obrovsk\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami monitorovania a riadenia celej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. A to v\u0161etko bez toho, aby ste sa museli zdvihn\u00fa\u0165 od pracovn\u00e9ho stola, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 aj na chate v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/a06963129ce403ae819038211be1a904.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u00dalo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my tie\u017e nie s\u00fa na zahodenie!<\/h3>\n<p>\nSamozrejme, v\u0161etky \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa vzdialene riaden\u00e9 a monitorovan\u00e9 \u2014 tak to bolo u\u017e pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi. Preto sa dnes chcem porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o nie\u010dom inom, konkr\u00e9tne o metro-klastroch.<\/p>\n<p>Metro-klastre nie s\u00fa \u00faplnou novinkou na trhu, ale pr\u00e1ve preto, \u017ee sa tak dlho nepopul\u00e1rne \u2014 prejavuje sa to inertnos\u0165ou myslenia a prvotn\u00fdmi dojmami. Samozrejme, pred 10 rokmi u\u017e existovali, ale st\u00e1li ako liatinov\u00fd most. Roky, ktor\u00e9 pre\u0161li od prv\u00fdch metro-klastrov, zmenili priemysel a dostupnos\u0165 technol\u00f3gie pre \u0161irok\u00fa verejnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si projekty, kde sme \u0161peci\u00e1lne rozdelili \u010dasti \u00falo\u017eiska \u2014 zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pre mimoriadne kritick\u00e9 slu\u017eby do metroklastrov, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 na synchronn\u00fa replik\u00e1ciu (ove\u013ea lacnej\u0161ie).<\/p>\n<p>Fakticky, v roku 2020 v\u00e1s metroklauster nestoj\u00ed ni\u010d, ak dok\u00e1\u017eete zorganizova\u0165 dve lokality a kan\u00e1ly. A kan\u00e1ly pre synchronn\u00fa replik\u00e1ciu s\u00fa presne tie ist\u00e9, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pre metroklastre. Licencovanie softv\u00e9ru u\u017e d\u00e1vno prebieha v bal\u00ed\u010dkoch \u2014 a synchronn\u00e1 replik\u00e1cia ide hne\u010f spolu s metroklaustrom, a jedin\u00e9, \u010do zatia\u013e zachov\u00e1va \u017eivot jednosmernej replik\u00e1cie \u2014 je potreba organizova\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa L2 sie\u0165. A to, L2 over L3 sa u\u017e rozmohlo po krajine.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e1086173f10437bb09426d8f2096c1a2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAk\u00fd je teda principi\u00e1lny rozdiel medzi synchronnou replik\u00e1ciou a metroklaustrom z poh\u013eadu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce?<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etko je ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e9. Metroklauster pracuje s\u00e1m, automaticky, neust\u00e1le, prakticky okam\u017eite. <\/p>\n<p>Ako vyzer\u00e1 proces prehazovania z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee na synchronnej replik\u00e1cii na infra\u0161trukt\u00fare aspo\u0148 so stovkami VM?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Prich\u00e1dza sign\u00e1l o hav\u00e1rii.<\/li>\n<li>Zmen\u0161uj\u00faca sa zmena analyzuje situ\u00e1ciu \u2014 m\u00f4\u017eeme smelo po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 od 10 do 30 min\u00fat len na prijatie sign\u00e1lu a prijatie rozhodnutia. <\/li>\n<li>V pr\u00edpade nedostatku opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed u pohotovostn\u00fdch in\u017einierov na samostatn\u00fd \u0161tart prehodenia \u2014 e\u0161te \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 30 min\u00fat na kontaktovanie osoby, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 opr\u00e1vnenia, a form\u00e1lne potvrdenie za\u010diatku prehodenia.<\/li>\n<li>Stla\u010denie Ve\u013ekej \u010cervenej Tla\u010didla.<\/li>\n<li>10-15 min\u00fat na \u010dasov\u00e9 oneskorenia a prep\u00e1janie objemov, registrovanie VM.<\/li>\n<li>30 min\u00fat na zmenu IP adresovania \u2014 optimistick\u00fd odhad.<\/li>\n<li>A nakoniec \u0161tart VM a spustenie produkt\u00edvnych slu\u017eieb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nCelkovo RTO (\u010das na obnovenie obchodn\u00fdch procesov) m\u00f4\u017eeme smelo odhadova\u0165 na 4 hodiny.<\/p>\n<p>Porovnajme to so situ\u00e1ciou na metroklaustere.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00dalo\u017eisko ch\u00e1pe, \u017ee spojenie s ramenom metroklaustra je stratene \u2014 15-30 sek\u00fand.<\/li>\n<li>Hosti virtualiz\u00e1cie ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee prv\u00e9 d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centrum je stratene \u2014 15-30 sek\u00fand (s\u00fa\u010dasne s p. 1).<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 re\u0161tartovanie od polovice do tretiny VM v druhom d\u00e1tovom centre \u2014 10-15 min\u00fat do na\u010d\u00edtania slu\u017eieb.<\/li>\n<li>Pribli\u017ene v tejto dobe pohotovostn\u00e1 zmena ch\u00e1pe, \u010do sa stalo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nCelkovo: RTO = 0 pre jednotliv\u00e9 slu\u017eby, 10-15 min\u00fat vo v\u0161eobecnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pre\u010do je re\u0161tart iba od polovice do tretiny VM? Pozrite sa, v \u010dom je probl\u00e9m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Rob\u00edte to inteligentne a zap\u00ednate automatick\u00e9 vyva\u017eovanie VM. V priemere sa v jednom z datacentier vykon\u00e1va iba polovica VM. Cel\u00fd zmysel metroklastera spo\u010d\u00edva v minimaliz\u00e1cii v\u00fdpadkov, a teda vo va\u0161om z\u00e1ujme je minimalizova\u0165 aj po\u010det VM vystaven\u00fdch riziku.<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 slu\u017eieb mo\u017eno klastrova\u0165 na \u00farovni aplik\u00e1cie, rozmiestni\u0165 ich na r\u00f4zne VM. Tieto p\u00e1rov\u00e9 VM s\u00fa teda zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 bu\u010f pribit\u00edm klincami, alebo popr\u00edpade pripojen\u00edm \u0161n\u00farkou k r\u00f4znym datacentrom, aby slu\u017eba nemusela \u010daka\u0165 na re\u0161tart VM v pr\u00edpade poruchy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nPri dobre postavenej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare s rozlo\u017een\u00fdmi metroklastrami pracuj\u00fa obchodn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia s minim\u00e1lnymi oneskoreniami z ktor\u00e9hoko\u013evek miesta, aj v pr\u00edpade poruchy na \u00farovni datacentra. V najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade oneskorenie dosiahne \u010das na jednu \u0161\u00e1lku k\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>A samozrejme, metroklastre funguj\u00fa skvele ako s odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim HPE 3Par, tak aj s nov\u00fdmi Primera!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7614f7e5fdbeb10d5a975bea7efbcc3e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Infrastrukt\u00fara vzdialen\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Termin\u00e1lne servery<\/h4>\n<p>\nPre termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 servery netreba vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 ni\u010d nov\u00e9, u\u017e mnoho rokov HPE dod\u00e1va jedny z najlep\u0161\u00edch serverov na svete pre ne. Nad\u010dasov\u00e1 klasika \u2014 DL360 (1U) alebo DL380 (2U) alebo pre fan\u00fa\u0161ikov AMD \u2014 DL385. Samozrejme, s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii aj blade servery, ako klasick\u00e9 C7000, tak aj nov\u00e1 flexibiln\u00e1 platforma Synergy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/773ee86b2c5c69bc85582d0b7807c913.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPre ka\u017ed\u00fd vkus, pre ka\u017ed\u00fa farbu, maximum rel\u00e1ci\u00ed na server!<\/p>\n<h4>\u201eKlasick\u00fd\u201c VDI + HPE Simplivity<\/h4>\n<p>\nV tomto pr\u00edpade pod pojmom \u201eklasick\u00fd VDI\u201c mysl\u00edm koncept 1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e = 1 VM s klientsk\u00fdm Windows. A samozrejme, niet bli\u017e\u0161ieho a pr\u00edbuznej\u0161ieho VDI za\u0165a\u017eenia pre hyperkonvergovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 s deduplik\u00e1ciou a kompresiou.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ae7ab2c1e04be32d7c9b87e29b55ae71.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTu m\u00f4\u017ee HPE pon\u00faknu\u0165 bu\u010f svoju vlastn\u00fa hyperkonvergovan\u00fa platformu Simplivity, alebo servery \/ certifikovan\u00e9 uzly pod rie\u0161enia partnerov, ako napr\u00edklad VSAN Ready Nodes pre vytvorenie VDI na infra\u0161trukt\u00fare VMware VSAN.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 bli\u017e\u0161ie na vlastn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie Simplivity. Na prv\u00e9 miesto, ako n\u00e1m jemne nazna\u010duje n\u00e1zov, je postaven\u00e1 jednoduchos\u0165 (angl. simple \u2014 jednoduch\u00fd). Jednoduchos\u0165 nasadenia, jednoduchos\u0165 spr\u00e1vy, jednoduchos\u0165 \u0161k\u00e1lovania.<\/p>\n<p>Hyperkonvergentn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa dnes jednou z najhor\u00facej\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9m v IT, pri\u010dom po\u010det dod\u00e1vate\u013eov r\u00f4znej \u00farovne je pribli\u017ene 40. Pod\u013ea magick\u00e9ho \u0161tvorca Gartner sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 HPE nach\u00e1dza v prvej p\u00e4\u0165ke glob\u00e1lne a patr\u00ed do \u0161tvorca l\u00eddrov \u2013 t\u00ed ch\u00e1pu, kam sa priemysel vyv\u00edja, a dok\u00e1\u017eu toto porozumenie prenies\u0165 do hardv\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n<p>Architekt\u00fara Simplivity je klasick\u00fd hyperkonvergentn\u00fd syst\u00e9m s kontroln\u00fdmi virtu\u00e1lnymi strojmi, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee podporova\u0165 r\u00f4zne hyperv\u00edzory, na rozdiel od integrovan\u00fdch v hyperv\u00edzore syst\u00e9mov. A naozaj, ku apr\u00edlu 2020 s\u00fa podporovan\u00e9 VMware vSphere a Microsoft Hyper-V, a ohl\u00e1sen\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na podporu KVM. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm rysom Simplivity od jej uvedenia na trh bolo hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 ur\u00fdchlenie kompresie a deduplik\u00e1cie pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnej akcelera\u010dnej karty. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/47423e2aa6ba73b69b0d50054109aab0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee kompresia s deduplik\u00e1ciou s\u00fa glob\u00e1lne a neust\u00e1le zapnut\u00e9, tak\u017ee to nie je volite\u013en\u00e1 funkcia, ale architekt\u00fara rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2720bf510b3849961b371354394af58d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nHPE samozrejme trochu preh\u00e1\u0148a, ke\u010f tvrd\u00ed efektivitu 100:1, po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fac to zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym sp\u00f4sobom, ale efektivita vyu\u017eitia priestoru je naozaj ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1. \u010c\u00edslo 100:1 je v\u0161ak pr\u00edli\u0161 pekn\u00e9. Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na to, ako je Simplivity technicky realizovan\u00e1, aby uk\u00e1zala tak\u00e9to \u010d\u00edsla. <\/p>\n<p><b>Snapshot<\/b>. Sn\u00edmky (snapshoty) s\u00fa 100 % spr\u00e1vne implementovan\u00e9 ako RoW (Redirect-on-Write), tak\u017ee sa dej\u00fa okam\u017eite a nezni\u017euj\u00fa v\u00fdkon. Na rozdiel od niektor\u00fdch in\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Pre\u010do potrebujeme lok\u00e1lne snapshoty bez trestov? Ve\u013emi jednoducho, na zn\u00ed\u017eenie RPO zo 24 hod\u00edn (priemern\u00e9 RPO pre z\u00e1lohovanie) na desiatky alebo dokonca jednotky min\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p><b>Backup<\/b>. Snapshot od z\u00e1lohy sa l\u00ed\u0161i iba t\u00fdm, ako ho vn\u00edma syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy virtu\u00e1lnych strojov. Ak sa pri odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed stroja odstr\u00e1ni aj v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 \u2013 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee to bol snapshot. Ak zostalo \u2013 znamen\u00e1 to z\u00e1loha. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek snapshot pova\u017eovan\u00fd za \u00fapln\u00fa z\u00e1lohu, ak je ozna\u010den\u00fd v syst\u00e9me a nie je odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd. <\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, mnoh\u00ed namietn\u00fa \u2013 ak\u00e1to je to z\u00e1loha, ke\u010f sa uchov\u00e1va na tej istej syst\u00e9me? A tu je ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e1 odpove\u010f vo forme protik ot\u00e1zky: povedzte, m\u00e1me form\u00e1lny model hrozieb, ktor\u00fd stanovuje pravidl\u00e1 uchov\u00e1vania z\u00e1lohy? Toto je absol\u00fatna \u010destn\u00e1 z\u00e1loha proti odstr\u00e1neniu s\u00faboru vo VM, je to z\u00e1loha proti odstr\u00e1neniu samotnej VM. V pr\u00edpade potreby uchov\u00e1vania z\u00e1lohy v\u00fdhradne na samostatnom syst\u00e9me m\u00e1te na v\u00fdber: replik\u00e1ciu tohto snapshotu na druh\u00fd klaster Simplivity alebo na HPE StoreOnce.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/f56eba95fcdfa1fad9f16f802b3c673e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA presne tu sa ukazuje, \u017ee tak\u00e1to architekt\u00fara je jednoducho ide\u00e1lna pre ak\u00fdko\u013evek typ VDI. Ve\u010f VDI s\u00fa stovky alebo dokonca tis\u00edce ve\u013emi podobn\u00fdch strojov s rovnak\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, s t\u00fdmito ist\u00fdmi aplik\u00e1ciami. Glob\u00e1lna deduplifik\u00e1cia to v\u0161etko spracuje a skomprimuje ani nie 100:1, ale niekde lep\u0161ie. Rozvin\u00fa\u0165 1000 VM z jedn\u00e9ho \u0161abl\u00f3ny? V\u00f4bec nie je probl\u00e9m, tieto stroje sa bud\u00fa dlh\u0161ie registrova\u0165 vo vCenter, ne\u017e sa klonova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160peci\u00e1lne pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov s osobitn\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na v\u00fdkon a pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa 3D akceler\u00e1tory, bola vytvoren\u00e1 s\u00e9ria Simplivity G.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b488968152724a125db44fbeeb00c5bf.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV tejto s\u00e9rii sa nepou\u017e\u00edva hardv\u00e9rov\u00fd akceler\u00e1tor deduplifik\u00e1cie, a preto je zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd po\u010det diskov na uzol, aby sa kontrol\u00e9r mohol spracova\u0165 programovo. V\u010faka tomu sa uvo\u013enia sloty PCIe pre ak\u00e9ko\u013evek in\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory. Rovnako bol zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00fd objem dostupnej pam\u00e4te na uzol na 3 TB pre najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/c292a63dd6ab6ab18ae1902f05d7dc03.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSimplivity je ide\u00e1lna pre organiz\u00e1ciu geograficky rozdelen\u00fdch VDI infra\u0161trukt\u00far s replik\u00e1ciou d\u00e1t do centr\u00e1lneho DC.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/33e3bc0e3f90a799963b78444080b9f7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTak\u00e1to architekt\u00fara VDI (a vlastne nielen VDI) je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 v podmienkach rusk\u00fdch re\u00e1li\u00ed \u2014 obrovsk\u00e9 vzdialenosti (a teda latencie) a \u010faleko nie ide\u00e1lne kan\u00e1ly. Vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa region\u00e1lne centr\u00e1 (a to aj len 1-2 uzly Simplivity vo ve\u013emi vzdialen\u00fdch kancel\u00e1ri\u00e1ch), kde sa prip\u00e1jaj\u00fa miestni pou\u017e\u00edvatelia cez r\u00fdchle kan\u00e1ly, zachov\u00e1va sa pln\u00e1 kontrola a spr\u00e1va zo stredu, a do centra sa replikuje len nepatrn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo u\u017e skuto\u010dn\u00fdch, cenn\u00fdch, nie odpadov\u00fdch d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, Simplivity sa plne integruje s OneView a InfoSight.<\/p>\n<h3>Tenk\u00e9 a nulov\u00e9 klienty<\/h3>\n<p>\nTenk\u00e9 klienty s\u00fa \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia navrhnut\u00e9 v\u00fdhradne na pou\u017eitie ako termin\u00e1ly. Ke\u010f\u017ee na klienta prakticky nie je \u017eiadna z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e okrem udr\u017eovania kan\u00e1la a dek\u00f3dovania videa, takmer v\u017edy obsahuje procesor s pas\u00edvnym chladen\u00edm, mal\u00fd sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ac\u00ed disk len na na\u0161tartovanie \u0161peci\u00e1lneho zabudovan\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, a v podstate je to v\u0161etko. Je takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby sa pokazil, a kradn\u00fa\u0165 z neho je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9. Cena je n\u00edzka a \u017eiadne \u00fadaje sa v \u0148om neukladaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje osobitn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria tenk\u00fdch klientov, takzvan\u00e9 nulov\u00e9 klienty. Ich hlavn\u00fdm rozdielom od tenk\u00fdch klientov je absencia aj zabudovan\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu, a pr\u00e1ca v\u00fdlu\u010dne s mikr\u010dipom s firmware-om. \u010casto obsahuj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory na dek\u00f3dovanie videostreamu v termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch protokoloch, ako PCoIP alebo HDX.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek rozdeleniu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho \u201eHewlett-Packard\u201c na jednotliv\u00e9 HPE a HP, nemo\u017eno nespomen\u00fa\u0165 tenk\u00e9 klienty vyroben\u00e9 HP. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdber je \u0161irok\u00fd, pod\u013ea vkusu a potrieb \u2014 a\u017e po viacer\u00e9 monitory na pracovn\u00fdch miestach s hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdm zr\u00fdchlen\u00edm videostreamu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rie\u0161enia HPE pre organiz\u00e1ciu vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5dd59cf645892e48ac7009a40893d80a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Slu\u017eba HPE pre va\u0161u vzdialen\u00fa pr\u00e1cu<\/h3>\n<p>\nA na poslednom mieste, ale nie menej d\u00f4le\u017eitom, chcem spomen\u00fa\u0165 slu\u017ebu HPE. Bolo by pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00e9 vymenov\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etky \u00farovne slu\u017eby HPE a jej mo\u017enosti, ale minim\u00e1lne je tu jedno ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pon\u00faknutie v kontexte vzdialenej pr\u00e1ce. A to konkr\u00e9tne \u2014 servisn\u00fd in\u017einier od HPE\/autorizovan\u00e9ho servisn\u00e9ho strediska. Pokra\u010dujete v pr\u00e1ci na dia\u013eku z v\u00e1\u0161ho ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9ho vidieka, po\u010d\u00favaj\u00fac bzukot v\u010diel, zatia\u013e \u010do do va\u0161ich serverov prich\u00e1dza technik od HPE a men\u00ed disky alebo nefunk\u010dn\u00fd nap\u00e1jac\u00ed blok.<\/p>\n<h4>HPE CallHome<\/h4>\n<p>\nV s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch podmienkach, za obmedzenia pohybu, sa funkcia Call Home st\u00e1va aktu\u00e1lnej\u0161ou ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Ak\u00fdko\u013evek syst\u00e9m HPE s touto funkciou m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00e1m ozn\u00e1mi\u0165 technick\u00fa alebo softv\u00e9rov\u00fa poruchu do podporn\u00e9ho centra HPE. A je ve\u013emi pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1hradn\u00fd diel a\/alebo servisn\u00fd in\u017einier pr\u00eddu k v\u00e1m e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ako si v\u0161imnete poruchy a probl\u00e9my s produkt\u00edvnymi slu\u017ebami.<\/p>\n<p>Osobne t\u00fato funkciu d\u00f4razne odpor\u00fa\u010dam zapn\u00fa\u0165.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cti\/blog\/499704\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0418\u0422 \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0422 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u2026 \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0422 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":79786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c 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