{"id":81072,"date":"2020-05-10T19:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T17:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-steka-shriftov-linux-otkazalis-ot-podderzhki-myagkogo-sglazhivaniya"},"modified":"2020-05-10T19:42:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T17:42:00","slug":"razrabotchiki-steka-shriftov-linux-otkazalis-ot-podderzhki-myagkogo-sglazhivaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-steka-shriftov-linux-otkazalis-ot-podderzhki-myagkogo-sglazhivaniya","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri fontov\u00e9ho stacku Linux sa vzdali podpory jemn\u00e9ho vyhladzovania","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Niektor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa met\u00f3du hintingu \u201ehintfull\u201c, si mohli v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee pri prechode z verzie Pango 1.43 na 1.44 kerning<\/a><\/noindex> niektor\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch p\u00edsiem sa zhor\u0161il<\/a><\/noindex> alebo \u00faplne<\/a><\/noindex> nefunguje<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd t\u00fdm, \u017ee kni\u017enica Pango<\/a><\/noindex> pre\u0161la od pou\u017eitia FreeType<\/a><\/noindex> na z\u00edskanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o kerningu (vzdialenosti medzi glifmi) p\u00edsiem k HarfBuzz<\/a><\/noindex>, pri\u010dom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri posledn\u00e9ho sa rozhodli nepodporova\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> vyhladzovanie p\u00edsma met\u00f3dou \u201ehintfull\u201c. Zaznamen\u00e1va sa, \u017ee na obrazovk\u00e1ch s vysokou hustotou pixelov (Hi-DPI) sa probl\u00e9my s vykreslen\u00edm p\u00edsma pri pou\u017eit\u00ed met\u00f3d hintingu okrem \u201ehintfull\u201c nevyskytuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Odpove\u010f<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r HarfBuzz (Behdad Esfahbod) z pr\u00edslu\u0161nej diskusie k probl\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n

\n

Sna\u017eil som sa pou\u017ei\u0165 \u0161t\u00fdly hintingu odli\u0161n\u00e9 od hintfull, ale iba ten poskytuje zobrazenie p\u00edsiem bl\u00edzke ClearType v2 vo Windows 7, ktor\u00e9, pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru, m\u00e1 najlep\u0161iu kresbu zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch existuj\u00facich rie\u0161en\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vne. Preto sme sa rozhodli ho \u010falej nepodporova\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eete sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 zvykn\u00fa\u0165 si na \u201erozmazan\u00e9\u201c vykreslenie alebo sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 nie\u010do in\u00e9. Predsa len pou\u017e\u00edvate open source, rozumiete?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Doplnok k \u010fal\u0161ej diskusii: <\/p>\n

V nasleduj\u00facich koment\u00e1roch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r vysvetlil<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee OSS poskytuje mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdberu a t\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm nevyhovuje aktu\u00e1lny stav, m\u00f4\u017eu vytvori\u0165 fork Pango. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri HarfBuzz nem\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 jeho \u00fadr\u017ebu a rozhodovanie v \u0148om. Behdad Esfahbod, s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd spr\u00e1vca HarfBuzz, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 najviac commitov v oboch<\/a><\/noindex>
\nprojektoch<\/a><\/noindex>, spomenul, \u017ee u\u017e viac ako 10 rokov nie je spojen\u00fd s Red Hat a nie je spr\u00e1vcom Pango. Od roku 2010 pre\u0161iel do Google a teraz sa tam venuje iba HarfBuzz, ktor\u00fd bol predt\u00fdm jeho osobn\u00fdm projektom. HarfBuzz neovl\u00e1da<\/a><\/noindex> proces vykres\u013eovania a Pango m\u00f4\u017ee na svojej strane prepisova\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 re\u017eimy hintingu. <\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r HarfBuzz zd\u00f4raznil<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee probl\u00e9m je na strane Pango, preto\u017ee HarfBuzz nie je syst\u00e9mom vykres\u013eovania p\u00edsiem a ne\u0161pecifikuje hinting pod\u013ea svojej architekt\u00fary. Ak Pango potrebuje zachova\u0165 hinting, prechod na HarfBuzz nie je t\u00e1 vo\u013eba, ktor\u00e1 by zaru\u010dila jeho podporu. V rol\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> D\u00f4vodom na zru\u0161enie hintingu v HarfBuzz je, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 re\u017eimy hintingu ved\u00fa k zmene p\u00f4vodnej \u0161\u00edrky glyfu a t\u00e1to zmena z\u00e1vis\u00ed od ve\u013ekosti pixelov. Predt\u00fdm Pango vykon\u00e1valo tak\u00e9to oper\u00e1cie cez FreeType, ktor\u00fd podporoval hinting, ale potom pre\u0161lo na HarfBuzz, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje spracovanie glyfov bez oh\u013eadu na ich ve\u013ekos\u0165. Preto rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov vznikaj\u00facich pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed Pango le\u017e\u00ed v oblasti zodpovednosti Pango, a nie HarfBuzz.<\/p>\n

Nakoniec Behdad Esfahbod publikoval<\/a><\/noindex> ve\u013ek\u00fa retrospekt\u00edvu v\u00fdvoja fontov\u00e9ho stacku Linuxu. Po jeho odchode do Googlu sa kni\u017enice Pango a Cairo prakticky zastavili a upadli do stagn\u00e1cie. V HarfBuzz sa pr\u00e1ca zamerala na podporu adapt\u00edvnych variabiln\u00fdch fontov, zatia\u013e \u010do Red Hat s\u00fastredil svoju pozornos\u0165 na GTK a Glib. V priebehu \u010dasu boli poznatky v oblasti variabiln\u00fdch fontov prenesen\u00e9 do FreeType, fontconfig a Cairo, ale zostali nedokon\u010den\u00e9 v Pango kv\u00f4li nedostatku v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov. Pr\u00edstup k nov\u00fdm API v Pango bol poskytnut\u00fd cez abstrakciu FontMap a bol podporovan\u00fd iba pre backendy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na FreeType. Backend pre Windows a macOS u\u017e viac ako 10 rokov nie je udr\u017eiavan\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Po expanzii mobiln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a prehliada\u010dov Microsoft v syst\u00e9me Windows 8 ukon\u010dil podporu subpixelov\u00e9ho vykres\u013eovania p\u00edsma a vykres\u013eovania v \u0161t\u00fdle GDI. macOS v\u0161ak v\u017edy podporoval vykres\u013eovanie, ktor\u00e9 sa v tejto diskusii naz\u00fdva \u201erozmazan\u00e9\u201c. Od roku 2018 sa nieko\u013ek\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov HarfBuzz pok\u00fasilo previes\u0165 pridan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti HarfBuzz v Pango, ktor\u00e9 sa vyvinuli v posledn\u00fdch rokoch. Paralelne s v\u00fdvojom GTK4 do\u0161lo k prechodu na vykres\u013eovanie na b\u00e1ze OpenGL, ktor\u00e9 predpoklad\u00e1 line\u00e1rne \u0161k\u00e1lovanie textu, \u010do vyostruje konflikt medzi pixelov\u00fdm vykres\u013eovan\u00edm a \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

LibreOffice, Chrome a Firefox pre\u0161li na pou\u017e\u00edvanie HarfBuzz ako unifikovan\u00e9ho shaping-engine, \u010do viedlo k ukon\u010deniu podpory rastrov\u00fdch fontov a form\u00e1tu Type1. Pre rastrov\u00e9 fonty, pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ich potrebuj\u00fa, bolo navrhnut\u00e9 ich previes\u0165 do kontajnera OpenType. V Adobe bola zaslan\u00e1 \u017eiados\u0165 o implement\u00e1ciu Type1 pre HarfBuzz, ale odpovedali, \u017ee to nem\u00e1 zmysel, preto\u017ee aj oni ukon\u010duj\u00fa podporu Type1 tento rok. <\/p>\n

Aby sa technol\u00f3gie posunuli dopredu, podobn\u00e9 rozhodnutie o prechode na HarfBuzz bolo prijat\u00e9 aj pre kni\u017enicu Pango. Cena za to bolo zastavenie podpory niektor\u00fdch star\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed star\u00fdch 20 rokov. Je uveden\u00e9, \u017ee s oh\u013eadom na obmedzen\u00e9 zdroje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov nemaj\u00fa na v\u0161etko ruky, a t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem o zachovanie star\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eu h\u013eada\u0165 niekoho, kto by bol ochotn\u00fd zaobera\u0165 sa \u00fadr\u017ebou ch\u00fdbaj\u00facej funkcionality. Na porovnanie sa uv\u00e1dza GNOME3, po jeho vzniku nespokojn\u00ed dok\u00e1zali pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo v\u00fdvoji zastaran\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed GNOME2 v r\u00e1mci projektov Mate a Cinnamon. To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre Pango, ale zatia\u013e sa nenapadli \u017eiadni z\u00e1ujemcovia.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 «hintfull», \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 Pango 1.43 \u043d\u0430 1.44 \u043a\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 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