{"id":81847,"date":"2020-05-17T01:42:34","date_gmt":"2020-05-16T23:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/http-po-udp-ispolzuem-s-polzoj-protokol-quic"},"modified":"2020-05-17T01:42:34","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T23:42:34","slug":"http-po-udp-ispolzuem-s-polzoj-protokol-quic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/http-po-udp-ispolzuem-s-polzoj-protokol-quic","title":{"rendered":"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c051364dba613156a5233551af373f8d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nQUIC (R\u00fdchle UDP Internetov\u00e9 Spojenia) je protokol nad UDP, ktor\u00fd podporuje v\u0161etky funkcie TCP, TLS a HTTP\/2 a rie\u0161i v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu ich probl\u00e9mov. \u010casto sa naz\u00fdva nov\u00fdm alebo 'experiment\u00e1lnym' protokolom, ale u\u017e d\u00e1vno prekonal f\u00e1zu experimentu: jeho v\u00fdvoj trv\u00e1 viac ako 7 rokov. Po\u010das tohto \u010dasu sa protokol nestal \u0161tandardom, ale predsa len z\u00edskal \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie. Napr\u00edklad QUIC pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na zr\u00fdchlenie dopravy a zn\u00ed\u017eenie latencie v mobiln\u00fdch sie\u0165ach giganti ako Google a Facebook, a IETF vyhl\u00e1sila jeho fork ako z\u00e1klad pre \u0161tandard HTTP\/3 (pri\u010dom HTTP\/2 vyu\u017e\u00edva <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/w3techs.com\/technologies\/details\/ce-http2\">iba 44,8%<\/a><\/noindex> webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Koncept<\/h2>\n<p>\nQUIC bol vyvinut\u00fd ako n\u00e1hrada zastaran\u00e9ho TCP, ktor\u00e9 bolo p\u00f4vodne navrhnut\u00e9 pre dr\u00f4tov\u00e9 siete s n\u00edzkym percentom str\u00e1t. TCP dod\u00e1va pakety v porad\u00ed, tak\u017ee pri strate jedn\u00e9ho paketu sa zastav\u00ed cel\u00e1 rada (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Head-of-line_blocking\">probl\u00e9m blokovania na hlave<\/a><\/noindex>), \u010do negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje kvalitu a stabilitu pripojenia. Aby sa predi\u0161lo masov\u00fdm strat\u00e1m, mobiln\u00e9 siete vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 buffre, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku vedie k redundantnosti a falo\u0161ne negat\u00edvnej reakcii protokolu (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bufferbloat\">bufferbloat<\/a><\/noindex>). Okrem toho TCP tr\u00e1vi ve\u013emi ve\u013ea \u010dasu nadviazan\u00edm spojenia: SYN\/ACK a TLS po\u017eiadavky id\u00fa oddelene, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje tri roundtripy namiesto jedn\u00e9ho, ako to rob\u00ed QUIC.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/02381a50e0f5bb12db0d2530f6a8454a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKe\u010f\u017ee QUIC kombinuje n\u00e1hradu TCP a implement\u00e1ciu TLS 1.3, v\u0161etky pripojenia s\u00fa v\u017edy \u0161ifrovan\u00e9, dek\u00f3dovanie tak\u00e9ho prenosu nie je jednoduch\u0161ie, ne\u017e keby prebiehal cez HTTPS. Okrem toho je QUIC implementovan\u00fd na aplika\u010dnej \u00farovni, preto\u017ee \u00fapln\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada TCP z\u00e1sobn\u00edka by trvala <i>ve\u010dnos\u0165<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek podpore multiplexovania v HTTP\/2 pretrv\u00e1va probl\u00e9m blokovania na hlave kv\u00f4li potrebe dod\u00e1va\u0165 pakety v porad\u00ed. QUIC je implementovan\u00fd nad UDP, tak\u017ee v podstate neexistuje blokovanie, a aby pakety nevznikali bezn\u00e1dejne, s\u00fa \u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 a m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 \u010dasti \u201esusedov\u201c, \u010d\u00edm zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa redundantnos\u0165. Okrem toho QUIC rozde\u013euje monolitick\u00fa radu na nieko\u013eko pr\u00fadov pre r\u00f4zne typy po\u017eiadaviek v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho pripojenia. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom, pri strate paketu m\u00f4\u017eu probl\u00e9my vznikn\u00fa\u0165 len v jednej rade (napr\u00edklad pri prenosu konkr\u00e9tneho s\u00faboru):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/d9b7638d1c135c64dc579cd6153230d7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Pou\u017eitie <\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u00f4vodne bol QUIC vyvinut\u00fd v r\u00e1mci Google a bol v mnohom prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd na intern\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie. V roku 2013 bol odovzdan\u00fd IETF na \u0161tandardiz\u00e1ciu (ktor\u00e1 trv\u00e1 dodnes) a teraz sa ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 na rozvoji protokolu navrhnut\u00edm toho, \u010do mu ch\u00fdba. Pracovn\u00e1 skupina IETF ka\u017edoro\u010dne organizuje stretnutia, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch sa schva\u013euje nov\u00fd \u0161tandard a diskutuj\u00fa sa inov\u00e1cie. T\u00e1to implement\u00e1cia QUIC sa pova\u017euje za hlavn\u00fa a pr\u00e1ve na jej z\u00e1klade sa certifikuje \u0161tandard HTTP\/3.<\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e sa o zahrnut\u00ed HTTP\/3 ako hlavn\u00e9ho protokolu nehovor\u00ed, preto\u017ee e\u0161te nie je dokon\u010den\u00fd a takmer nie je podporovan\u00fd:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/e61c7f2828f8b262ef513840e0072b68.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAle QUIC je mo\u017en\u00e9 implementova\u0165 ako prepravu medzi aplik\u00e1ciou a serverom, \u010do \u00faspe\u0161ne urobili v Uber:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3><i>Koment\u00e1r Uber o implement\u00e1cii QUIC<\/i><\/h3>\n<p>\nAby sme \u00faspe\u0161ne integrovali QUIC a zlep\u0161ili v\u00fdkon aplik\u00e1cie za podmienok zl\u00e9ho pripojenia, nahradili sme star\u00fd stack (HTTP\/2 nad TLS\/TCP) protokolom QUIC. Zapojili sme sie\u0165ov\u00fa kni\u017enicu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/connectivity\/cronet\">Cronet<\/a><\/noindex> z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chromium.org\/Home\">Chromium Projects<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje p\u00f4vodn\u00fa, Googlovsk\u00fa verziu protokolu \u2013 gQUIC. T\u00e1to implement\u00e1cia sa neust\u00e1le vylep\u0161uje, aby sledovala najnov\u0161iu \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu IETF.<\/p>\n<p>Najprv sme integrovali Cronet do na\u0161ich aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pre Android, aby sme pridali podporu pre QUIC. Integr\u00e1cia bola realizovan\u00e1 tak, aby sa minimalizovali n\u00e1klady na migr\u00e1ciu. Namiesto toho, aby sme \u00faplne nahradili star\u00fd sie\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval kni\u017enicu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/square.github.io\/okhttp\/\">OkHttp<\/a><\/noindex>, sme integrovali Cronet POD r\u00e1mcom OkHttp API. Takouto integr\u00e1ciou sme sa vyhli zmen\u00e1m v na\u0161ich sie\u0165ov\u00fdch volaniach (ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/square.github.io\/retrofit\/\">Retrofit<\/a><\/noindex>) na \u00farovni API.<\/p>\n<p>Podobne ako pri pr\u00edstupe k zariadeniam Android, sme implementovali Cronet do aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed Uber na iOS, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fac HTTP prev\u00e1dzku zo sie\u0165ov\u00fdch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/foundation\/nsurlsession\">API<\/a><\/noindex>, s pou\u017eit\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/foundation\/nsurlprotocol\">NSURLProtocol<\/a><\/noindex>. T\u00e1to abstrakcia, poskytnut\u00e1 iOS Foundation, spracov\u00e1va protokoly \u0161pecifick\u00e9 URL d\u00e1ta a zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme integrova\u0165 Cronet do na\u0161ich aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pre iOS bez podstatn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov na migr\u00e1ciu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><i>prebran\u00e9 z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/Voximplant\/blog\/463073\/\">tohto prekladu<\/a><\/noindex> \u010cl\u00e1nku Uber<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Na backendu zachyt\u00e1vali QUIC pripojenia cez Google Cloud lb, ktor\u00fd <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/gcp\/introducing-quic-support-https-load-balancing\">podporuje protokol<\/a><\/noindex> od polovice roku 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Nie je prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee Google Cloud skvele funguje s protokolom, ktor\u00fd vyvinul Google, ale ak\u00e9 s\u00fa alternat\u00edvy?<\/p>\n<h3>Nginx<\/h3>\n<p>\nNed\u00e1vno sa CloudFlare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/experiment-with-http-3-using-nginx-and-quiche\/\">pokusila skombinova\u0165<\/a><\/noindex> nginx (ktor\u00fd predvolene nepodporuje HTTP\/3) so svojim n\u00e1strojom Quiche. Implement\u00e1cia je dostupn\u00e1 vo forme jedn\u00e9ho .patch s\u00faboru, ku ktor\u00e9mu je prilo\u017een\u00fd tutori\u00e1l na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -O https:\/\/nginx.org\/download\/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz\ntar xvzf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz\ngit clone --recursive https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\ncd nginx-1.16.1\npatch -p01 &lt; ..\/quiche\/extras\/nginx\/nginx-1.16.patch<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTu je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 svoje moduly, ak je to potrebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">.\/configure                          \t\n   \t--prefix=$PWD                       \t\n   \t--with-http_ssl_module              \t\n   \t--with-http_v2_module               \t\n   \t--with-http_v3_module               \t\n   \t--with-openssl=..\/quiche\/deps\/boringssl \n   \t--with-quiche=..\/quiche\n make<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOsta\u00e1va u\u017e len povoli\u0165 podporu HTTP\/3.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">events {\n    worker_connections  1024;\n}\n\nhttp {\n    server {\n        # Aktivujte QUIC a HTTP\/3.\n        listen 443 quic reuseport;\n\n        # Aktivujte HTTP\/2 (volite\u013en\u00e9).\n        listen 443 ssl http2;\n\n        ssl_certificate      cert.crt;\n        ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;\n\n        # Povolen\u00e9 v\u0161etky verzie TLS (TLSv1.3 je povinn\u00fd pre QUIC).\n        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n\n        # Buffering po\u017eiadaviek nie je moment\u00e1lne podporovan\u00e9 pre HTTP\/3.\n        proxy_request_buffering off;\n\n        # Pridajte hlavi\u010dku Alt-Svc na vyjedn\u00e1vanie HTTP\/3.\n        add_header alt-svc 'h3-27=\"443\"; ma=86400';\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV be\u017en\u00fdch prehliada\u010doch sa zatia\u013e ned\u00e1 pripoji\u0165 cez HTTP\/3, ale m\u00f4\u017eete vzia\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/chrome\/canary\/\">Chrome Canary<\/a><\/noindex> a spusti\u0165 ho s flagom <code>--enable-quic<\/code>, obr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa na svoj server alebo napr\u00edklad na str\u00e1nku quic.rocks a skontrolova\u0165 typ pripojenia v Developer Tools:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ca3488c0cb3a9273ea9d0318b00d4f83.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNamiesto HTTP\/3 je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 <code>http2+quic\/99<\/code>, ale to je v podstate to ist\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>In\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>QUIC podporuje aj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.litespeedtech.com\/products\/litespeed-web-server\">LiteSpeed<\/a><\/noindex> (ktor\u00e9 sa s ve\u013ekou pompou prip\u00e1jali na Facebook cez HTTP\/3) a progres\u00edvny <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/caddyserver.com\/\">Caddy<\/a><\/noindex>. Apache zatia\u013e nevie, ale pr\u00e1ca pokra\u010duje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/apache\/trafficserver\/projects\/8\">naplno<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>21. janu\u00e1ra bol aktualizovan\u00fd <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/webrtc-quic\/\">n\u00e1kres \u0161tandardu pre WebRTC<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Len ned\u00e1vno Microsoft otvoril <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/msquic\">k\u00f3d svojej implement\u00e1cie msquic<\/a><\/noindex>, kde zatia\u013e nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 v\u0161etky funkcie zo \u0161tandardu IETF, ale to u\u017e je ve\u013ek\u00fd pokrok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/96846d94d1ec27fbb1e00fce0f2d618e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZ\u00e1ujem o QUIC je nestabiln\u00fd, ale rastie, pracuje sa na jeho \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cii. Nov\u00e9 implement\u00e1cie protokolu sa objavuj\u00fa takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac a s ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom si \u010doraz viac v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov uvedomuje, \u017ee bud\u00facnos\u0165 patr\u00ed QUIC. Dokonca sa uva\u017euje o zahrnut\u00ed protokolu do bud\u00facich verzi\u00ed TCP stacku, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sk\u00f4r \u010di nesk\u00f4r cel\u00fd internet prejde na stabilnej\u0161ie a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie pripojenia.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e teraz m\u00f4\u017eete nastavi\u0165 QUIC interakciu pre svoju infra\u0161trukt\u00faru alebo dokonca ju poskytn\u00fa\u0165 prehliada\u010dom \u2014 v\u0161etky pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa prida\u0165 podporu pre protokol a smutn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika z caniuse sa stane vesel\u0161ou.<\/p>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vdsina.ru\/eternal-server?partner=habr13\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HTTP cez UDP \u2014 efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvame protokol QUIC\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/88c6439f1325b696dc8868db29bab064.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vdsina\/blog\/501840\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 UDP, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 TCP, TLS \u0438 HTTP\/2 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 7 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":81848,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) \u2014.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/http-po-udp-ispolzuem-s-polzoj-protokol-quic\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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