{"id":81922,"date":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli"},"modified":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","slug":"kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","title":{"rendered":"Ako prenies\u0165 kontajner OpenVZ 6 na server KVM bez bolesti hlavy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto niekedy potreboval prenies\u0165 OpenVZ kontajner na server s plnohodnotnou virtualiz\u00e1ciou KVM, sa stretol s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je u\u017e d\u00e1vno zastaran\u00e1 a bola aktu\u00e1lna pre d\u00e1vno ukon\u010den\u00e9 EOL cykly OS.<\/li>\n<li>Pre r\u00f4zne OS je v\u017edy k dispoz\u00edcii r\u00f4zna inform\u00e1cia a nikdy nie s\u00fa zoh\u013eadnen\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 chyby pri migr\u00e1cii.<\/li>\n<li>Niekedy sa treba vysporiada\u0165 s konfigur\u00e1ciami, ktor\u00e9 sa po migr\u00e1cii neust\u00e1le nechc\u00fa spusti\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pri prenose jedn\u00e9ho servera sa v\u017edy d\u00e1 nie\u010do opravi\u0165 za pochodu, ale \u010do pri prenose cel\u00e9ho klastru? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pok\u00fasim vysvetli\u0165, ako spr\u00e1vne migrova\u0165 OpenVZ kontajner na KVM s minim\u00e1lnym downtime a r\u00fdchlym rie\u0161en\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nebolshoy-likbez-chto-takoe-openvz-i-chto-takoe-kvm\">Mal\u00fd preh\u013ead: \u010do je OpenVZ a \u010do je KVM?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nebudeme sa zaobera\u0165 terminol\u00f3giou, a tak si povieme vo v\u0161eobecnosti:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>OpenVZ<\/strong> \u2014 virtualiz\u00e1cia na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 sa d\u00e1 spusti\u0165 dokonca aj na mikrovlnke, preto\u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e9, aby procesor mal in\u0161trukcie a technol\u00f3gie virtualiz\u00e1cie na hostite\u013eskom stroji. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM <\/strong> \u2014 plnohodnotn\u00e1 virtualiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva cel\u00fa silu CPU a dok\u00e1\u017ee virtualizova\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek, ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom, podlomi\u0165 a prekri\u017eova\u0165. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Napriek v\u0161eobecne akceptovan\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee v prostred\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/\"   title=\"hostingov\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1210\">hostingov\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov<\/a> OpenVZ sa pre\u0165a\u017euje, zatia\u013e \u010do KVM nie \u2014 na\u0161\u0165astie pre posledn\u00fd spomenut\u00fd, KVM sa dnes pre\u0165a\u017euje rovnako ako jeho kolega.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-budem-perenosit\">\u010co budeme pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako pokusy na prenos sme museli pou\u017ei\u0165 cel\u00fd les opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 na OpenVZ: CentOS (verzia 6 a 7), Ubuntu (14, 16 a 18 LTS), Debian 7.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Predpokladalo sa, \u017ee na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine kontajnerov OpenVZ u\u017e be\u017e\u00ed nejak\u00fd LAMP, a niektor\u00e9 maj\u00fa dokonca ve\u013emi \u0161pecifick\u00fd softv\u00e9r. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie to boli konfigur\u00e1cie s ovl\u00e1dacou panelom ISPmanager, VestaCP (a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie, neaktualizovan\u00e9 cel\u00e9 roky). Je potrebn\u00e9 zoh\u013eadni\u0165 aj ich po\u017eiadavky na prenos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Migr\u00e1cia sa vykon\u00e1va so zachovan\u00edm <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adresy\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"668\">IP adresy<\/a> pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9ho kontajnera, predpokladajme, \u017ee IP, ktor\u00e1 bola u kontajnera, zost\u00e1va na VM a bude fungova\u0165 bez probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pred prenosom sa uist\u00edme, \u017ee m\u00e1me v\u0161etko pripraven\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Server OpenVZ, pln\u00fd root pr\u00edstup k hostite\u013esk\u00e9mu stroju, mo\u017enos\u0165 zastavova\u0165\/montova\u0165\/sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165\/odstra\u0148ova\u0165 kontajnery.<\/li>\n<li>Server KVM, pln\u00fd root pr\u00edstup k hostite\u013esk\u00e9mu stroju, so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami. Predpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u0161etko u\u017e je nastaven\u00e9 a pripraven\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pristupaem-k-perenosu\">Za\u010d\u00edname s migr\u00e1ciou<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dneme s migr\u00e1ciou, definujeme pojmy, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu nezm\u00fdli\u0165 sa:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 KVM hostite\u013esk\u00fd server<br \/>\n<strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ hostite\u013esk\u00fd server<br \/>\n<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ kontajner<br \/>\n<strong>VM<\/strong> \u2014 KVM virtu\u00e1lny server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"podgotovka-k-perenosu-i-sozdanie-virtualnyh-mashin\">Pr\u00edprava na migr\u00e1ciu a vytvorenie virtu\u00e1lnych strojov.<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee potrebujeme presun\u00fa\u0165 kontajner, vytvor\u00edme <strong>VM<\/strong> s podobnou konfigur\u00e1ciou na <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9!<\/strong> VM treba vytvori\u0165 na tej operacnej s\u00fastave, ktor\u00e1 aktu\u00e1lne be\u017e\u00ed na CTID. Napr\u00edklad, ak je na CTID nain\u0161talovan\u00fd Ubuntu 14, aj na VM mus\u00edme nain\u0161talova\u0165 Ubuntu 14. Men\u0161ie verzie nie s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a ich nezhody nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 kritick\u00e9, ale hlavn\u00e9 verzie musia by\u0165 rovnak\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po vytvoren\u00ed VM vykon\u00e1me aktualiz\u00e1ciu bal\u00edkov na CTID a na VM (nezamie\u0148ajte s aktualiz\u00e1ciou OS \u2014 t\u00fa neaktualizujeme, aktualizujeme len bal\u00edky a, ak sa objav\u00ed, verziu OS v r\u00e1mci hlavnej verzie).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pre CentOS tento proces vyzer\u00e1 zdanlivo bez probl\u00e9mov:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum clean all\n# yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A rovnako bez probl\u00e9mov pre Ubuntu, Debian:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get update\n# apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In\u0161talujeme na <strong>CTID<\/strong>, <strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> a <strong>VM<\/strong> n\u00e1stroj <strong>rsync<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ni\u010d in\u00e9 nein\u0161talujeme ani tu, ani tam.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vykon\u00e1vame zastavenie <strong>CTID <\/strong>na <strong>VZ_NODE <\/strong>pr\u00edkazom<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl stop CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pripoj\u00edme obraz <strong>CTID<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl mount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prejdeme do zlo\u017eky \/vz\/root\/<strong>CTID<\/strong> a vykon\u00e1me<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mount --bind \/dev dev &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/sys sys &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/proc proc &amp;&amp; chroot .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V prostred\u00ed chroot vytvor\u00edme s\u00fabor \/root\/exclude.txt \u2014 ten bude obsahova\u0165 zoznam v\u00fdnimiek, ktor\u00e9 sa nedostan\u00fa na nov\u00fd server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/boot\n\/proc\n\/sys\n\/tmp\n\/dev\n\/var\/lock\n\/etc\/fstab\n\/etc\/mtab\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/conf.d\/net\n\/etc\/network\/interfaces\n\/etc\/networks\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network*\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/hwconf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables-config\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/kernel\n\/etc\/hostname\n\/etc\/HOSTNAME\n\/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/modprobe*\n\/etc\/modules\n\/net\n\/lib\/modules\n\/etc\/rc.conf\n\/usr\/share\/nova-agent*\n\/usr\/sbin\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/init.d\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/ips\n\/etc\/ipaddrpool\n\/etc\/ips.dnsmaster\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pripoj\u00edme sa k <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> a spust\u00edme n\u00e1\u0161 <strong>VM<\/strong>, aby fungoval a bol pr\u00edstupn\u00fd cez sie\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Teraz je v\u0161etko pripraven\u00e9 na migr\u00e1ciu. Ideme na to!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E\u0161te v chroute vykon\u00e1vame<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">rsync --exclude-from=\"\/root\/exclude.txt\" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e \"ssh -T -o Compression=no -x\" \/ root@KVM_NODE:\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edkaz rsync vykon\u00e1 migr\u00e1ciu, d\u00fafame, \u017ee kl\u00e1vesy s\u00fa jasn\u00e9 \u2014 migr\u00e1cia sa vykon\u00e1va so zachovan\u00edm symbolick\u00fdch odkazov, opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed, vlastn\u00edkov a skup\u00edn a \u0161ifrovanie je vypnut\u00e9 pre vy\u0161\u0161iu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 (mohli by sme pou\u017ei\u0165 nejak\u00fd r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed cipher, ale to nie je tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci tejto \u00falohy), rovnako ako kompresia je vypnut\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed vykon\u00e1vania rsync vyjdeme z chroot (stla\u010den\u00edm ctrl+d) a vykon\u00e1me<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">umount dev &amp;&amp; umount proc &amp;&amp; umount sys &amp;&amp; cd .. &amp;&amp; vzctl umount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vykon\u00e1me nieko\u013eko krokov, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu v spusten\u00ed VM po migr\u00e1cii z OpenVZ.<br \/>\nNa serveroch s <strong>Systemd<\/strong> vykon\u00e1me pr\u00edkaz, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee sa prihl\u00e1si\u0165 do be\u017enej konzoly, povedzme, cez VNC na obrazovke servera<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mv \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty2.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na serveroch <strong>CentOS 6<\/strong> a <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> ur\u010dite nain\u0161talujeme \u010derstv\u00e9 jadro:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">yum install kernel-$(uname -r)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Server can be booted from it, but after migration it may stop working or be removed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>On the server <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> it is necessary to apply a small fix for PolkitD, otherwise, the server will fall into an endless boot:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">getent group polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd group already exists e[0m\" || { groupadd -r polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mAdded missing polkitd group e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mAdding polkitd group FAILED e[0m\"; }\n\ngetent passwd polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null \n&amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd user already exists e[0m\" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d \/ -s \/sbin\/nologin -c \"User for polkitd\" polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mAdded missing polkitd user e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mAdding polkitd user FAILED e[0m\"; }\n\nrpm -Va polkit* &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkit* rpm verification passed e[0m\" || { echo -e \"e[1;33mResetting polkit* rpm user\/group ownership &amp; perms e[0m\"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>On all servers, if mod_fcgid was installed for Apache, we will perform a small fix with permissions; otherwise, websites using mod_fcgid will crash with a 500 error:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">chmod +s `which suexec` &amp;&amp; apachectl restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>And lastly, this will be useful for Ubuntu and Debian distributions. This OS can fall into an endless boot with the error<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>looping too fast. throttling execution a little<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>unpleasant, but easily fixed, depending on the OS version.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na <strong>Debian 9<\/strong> the fix looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>execute<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">dbus-uuidgen<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>if we get an error<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\/usr\/local\/lib\/libdbus-1.so.3: version `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8\u2032 not found<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>check for the presence of LIBDBUS <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ls -la \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus\nlibdbus-1.so.3 -&gt; libdbus-1.so.3.14.15\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.15 &lt;-- this one is needed\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>if everything is fine, execute<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cd \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\nrm -rf libdbus-1.so.3\nln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 libdbus-1.so.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If that doesn't help \u2014 we try the second option.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The second option for solving the problem with <strong>throttling execution a little<\/strong> is suitable for almost all Ubuntu and Debian distributions.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Execute<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">bash -x \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/dbus.postinst configure<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A pre <strong>Ubuntu 14<\/strong>, <strong>Debian 7<\/strong> additionally execute:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">adduser --system --home \/nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus\n\nrm -rf \/etc\/init.d\/modules_dep.sh <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What did we do? We restored the missing messagebus needed for starting Debian\/Ubuntu and removed modules_dep, which came from OpenVZ and interfered with booting many kernel modules.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krok 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Reboot the VM, check in VNC how the boot is going and ideally \u2014 everything will boot up without issues. However, some specific problems may arise after migration \u2014 but they are beyond the scope of this article and are fixed as they occur.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I hope this information will be useful! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 OpenVZ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 KVM, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 EOL \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u041e\u0421 \u041f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041e\u0421 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0438 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