{"id":83016,"date":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket"},"modified":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","slug":"25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","title":{"rendered":"25 zranite\u013enost\u00ed v RTOS Zephyr, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno vyu\u017ei\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom ICMP paketu.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z firmy NCC Group publikovali<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdsledky auditu vo\u013en\u00e9ho projektu Zephyr<\/a><\/noindex>, rozv\u00edjaj\u00faceho<\/a><\/noindex> opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m re\u00e1lneho \u010dasu (RTOS), zameran\u00fd na vybavenie zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vyhovuj\u00fa konceptu \u201eInternet vec\u00ed\u201c (IoT, Internet of Things). Po\u010das auditu bolo zisten\u00e9 25 zranite\u013enost\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> v Zephyr a 1 zranite\u013enos\u0165 v MCUboot. V\u00fdvoj Zephyr prebieha za \u00fa\u010dasti spolo\u010dnost\u00ed Intel. <\/p>\n

Celkovo bolo zisten\u00fdch 6 zranite\u013enost\u00ed v sie\u0165ovom z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, 4 \u2014 v jadre, 2 \u2014 v pr\u00edkazovom riadku, 5 v spracovate\u013eoch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed, 5 v subsyst\u00e9me USB a 3 v mechanizme aktualiz\u00e1cie firmv\u00e9ru. Dve probl\u00e9my boli ozna\u010den\u00e9 ako kritick\u00e9, dve \u2014 ako vysok\u00e9, 9 ako stredn\u00e9, 9 \u2014 ako n\u00edzke a 4 na zv\u00e1\u017eenie. Kritick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa IPv4 z\u00e1sobn\u00edka a MQTT parsera, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u2014 ovl\u00e1da\u010de USB mass storage a USB DFU. V \u010dase spr\u00edstupnenia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed boli opravy pripraven\u00e9 len pre 15 najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch zranite\u013enost\u00ed, nevyrie\u0161en\u00e9 zatia\u013e zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa probl\u00e9my ved\u00face k odmietnutiu slu\u017eby alebo spojen\u00e9 s nedostatkami v mechanizmoch dodato\u010dnej ochrany jadra.<\/p>\n

V IPv4 stacku platformy bola objaven\u00e1 dia\u013ekovo zneu\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje po\u0161kodenie pam\u00e4te pri spracovan\u00ed \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00fdch ICMP paketov. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m bol n\u00e1jden\u00fd v parseri protokolu MQTT, ktor\u00fd je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd nedostato\u010dnou kontrolou d\u013a\u017eky pol\u00ed v hlavi\u010dke a m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k dia\u013ekov\u00e9mu vykon\u00e1vaniu k\u00f3du. Menej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00face DoS boli zisten\u00e9 v IPv6 stacku a implement\u00e1cii protokolu CoAP.<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zneu\u017eit\u00e9 lok\u00e1lne na vyvolanie odmietania slu\u017eby alebo na vykonanie k\u00f3du na \u00farovni jadra. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z t\u00fdchto zranite\u013enost\u00ed s\u00favis\u00ed s absenciou riadnych kontrol argumentov syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k zapisovaniu a \u010d\u00edtaniu \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4te jadra. Probl\u00e9my zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa aj priamo k\u00f3d spracovania syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed \u2014 pr\u00edstup k negat\u00edvnemu \u010d\u00edslu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania vedie k cel\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9mu prete\u010deniu. V jadre boli tie\u017e zisten\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v implement\u00e1cii ochrany ASLR (n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 umiestnenie priestoru adries) a mechanizmu nastavovania kan\u00e1rikov v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, ktor\u00e9 robia tieto mechanizmy neefekt\u00edvnymi. <\/p>\n

Mnoho probl\u00e9mov sa t\u00fdka USB stohu a jednotliv\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov. Napr\u00edklad probl\u00e9m v USB mass storage umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 prete\u010denie vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te a vykona\u0165 k\u00f3d na \u00farovni jadra pri pripojen\u00ed zariadenia k USB hostu pod kontrolou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Zranite\u013enos\u0165 v USB DFU, ovl\u00e1da\u010di na nahr\u00e1vanie novej firmv\u00e9ru cez USB, umo\u017e\u0148uje nahr\u00e1vanie modifikovan\u00e9ho obrazu firmv\u00e9ru do vn\u00fatornej Flash pam\u00e4te mikrokontrol\u00e9ra bez pou\u017eitia \u0161ifrovania a ob\u00edden\u00edm re\u017eimu zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania s kontrolou komponentov pomocou digit\u00e1lneho podpisu. Dodato\u010dne bol \u0161tudovan\u00fd k\u00f3d otvoren\u00e9ho bootloadera MCUboot<\/a><\/noindex>, v ktorom bola n\u00e1jden\u00e1 jedna nez\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165,
\nktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k prete\u010deniu vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed protokolu SMP (Simple Management Protocol) cez UART.<\/p>\n

Pripome\u0148me, \u017ee v Zephyre maj\u00fa v\u0161etky procesy k dispoz\u00edcii iba jeden glob\u00e1lny zdie\u013ean\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny adresn\u00fd priestor (SASOS, Single Address Space Operating System). \u0160pecifick\u00fd k\u00f3d aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed sa kombinuje s jadrom prisp\u00f4soben\u00fdm na konkr\u00e9tne pou\u017eitie a vytv\u00e1ra monolitick\u00fd spustite\u013en\u00fd s\u00fabor na na\u010d\u00edtanie a spustenie na konkr\u00e9tnom hardv\u00e9ri. V\u0161etky syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zdroje s\u00fa definovan\u00e9 v \u0161t\u00e1diu kompil\u00e1cie, \u010do zni\u017euje ve\u013ekos\u0165 k\u00f3du a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon. Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zahrnut\u00e9 iba tie funkcie jadra, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na vykonanie aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee medzi k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami Zephyru sa spom\u00edna<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdvoj so zrete\u013eom na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Tvrd\u00ed sa<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee v\u0161etky f\u00e1zy v\u00fdvoja prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa povinn\u00fdmi etapami potvrdenia bezpe\u010dnosti k\u00f3du: fuzzing-testovanie, statick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, testovanie na prienik, presk\u00famanie k\u00f3du, anal\u00fdza vkladania backdoorov a modelovanie hrozieb.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Zephyr, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 «\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439» (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 25 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 Zephyr \u0438 1 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 MCUboot. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 Zephyr \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd4725 zranite\u013enost\u00ed v RTOS Zephyr, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa vyu\u017ei\u0165 cez ICMP paket | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z firmy NCC Group zverejnili v\u00fdsledky 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