{"id":83055,"date":"2020-05-28T01:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T23:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-linuxovskij-sort-sortiruet-stroki"},"modified":"2020-05-28T01:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T23:42:15","slug":"kak-linuxovskij-sort-sortiruet-stroki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-linuxovskij-sort-sortiruet-stroki","title":{"rendered":"Ako Linux’ov\u00fd sort triedi re\u0165azce","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u0161etko sa za\u010dalo s kr\u00e1tkym skriptom, ktor\u00fd mal spoji\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o adres\u00e1ch e-mail<\/em> zamestnancov, z\u00edskan\u00fdch zo zoznamu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov e-mailov\u00e9ho rozosielania, s poz\u00edciami zamestnancov, z\u00edskan\u00fdmi z datab\u00e1zy oddelenia \u013eudsk\u00fdch zdrojov. Oba zoznamy boli exportovan\u00e9 do textov\u00fdch s\u00faborov v k\u00f3dovan\u00ed Unicode UTF-8<\/em> a ulo\u017een\u00e9 s unixov\u00fdmi koncami riadkov.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Obsah mail.txt<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ivanov Andrej;ia@example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Obsah buhg.txt<\/em><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Ivanov\u00e1 Alla;mal\u00e1r\nJelkina Ella;\u017eeriavnik\nIvanov Andrej;spor\u00e1k\nAbakanov Michal;mal\u00e1r<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Pre zl\u00fa\u010denie boli s\u00fabory zoraden\u00e9 unixov\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom sort<\/em> a zadan\u00e9 do vstupu unixov\u00e9ho programu join<\/em>, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1hle skon\u010dil s chybou: <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> sort buhg.txt > buhg.srt\n$> sort mail.txt > mail.srt\n$> join buhg.srt mail.srt > result\njoin: buhg.srt:4: nie je zoraden\u00e9: Ivanov Andrej;spor\u00e1k<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
N\u00e1h\u013ead v\u00fdsledku triedenia uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 triedenie je spr\u00e1vne, ale v pr\u00edpade zhodn\u00fdch mu\u017esk\u00fdch a \u017eensk\u00fdch priezvisk, \u017eensk\u00e9 priezvisk\u00e1 s\u00fa pred mu\u017esk\u00fdmi:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> sort buhg.txt\nAbakanov Michal;mal\u00e1r\nJelkina Ella;\u017eeriavnik\nIvanov\u00e1 Alla;mal\u00e1r\nIvanov Andrej;spor\u00e1k<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Vyzer\u00e1 to ako chyba triedenia v Unicode alebo ako prejav feministick\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu v algoritme triedenia. Prv\u00e9, samozrejme, znie pravdepodobnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Zatia\u013e to nechajme tak join<\/em> a s\u00fastre\u010fme sa na sort<\/em>. Sk\u00fasime vyrie\u0161i\u0165 \u00falohu met\u00f3dou pokus-omyl. Na za\u010diatok zmen\u00edme lokalitu na en_US<\/em> na ru_RU<\/em>. Na triedenie by sta\u010dilo nastavi\u0165 premenn\u00fa prostredia LC_COLLATE<\/em>, ale nebudeme sa zaobera\u0165 mali\u010dkos\u0165ami:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8 sort buhg.txt\nAbakanov Michal;mal\u00e1r\nJelkina Ella;\u017eeriavnik\nIvanov\u00e1 Alla;mal\u00e1r\nIvanov Andrej;spor\u00e1k<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Ni\u010d sa nezmenilo.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sk\u00fasime prek\u00f3dova\u0165 s\u00fabory do jednoubytov\u00e9ho k\u00f3dovania: <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> iconv -f UTF-8 -t KOI8-R buhg.txt \n | LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R sort \n | iconv -f KOI8-R -t UTF8<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Op\u00e4\u0165 sa ni\u010d nezmenilo.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Ni\u010d sa ned\u00e1 robi\u0165, budeme musie\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 rie\u0161enie na internete. Priame inform\u00e1cie o rusk\u00fdch priezvisk\u00e1ch nie s\u00fa, ale existuj\u00fa ot\u00e1zky o in\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostiach triedenia. Napr\u00edklad tak\u00fdto probl\u00e9m: Unix sort pova\u017euje znaky ‘-‘ (poml\u010dka) za nevidite\u013en\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>. Ak to zhrnieme, re\u0165azce "a-b", "aa", "ac" s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 ako "aa", "a-b", "ac".<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Odpove\u010f je v\u0161ade \u0161tandardn\u00e1: pou\u017eite program\u00e1torsk\u00fa lokalitu "C"<\/em> a budete \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed. Sk\u00fa\u0161ame:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> LANG=C sort buhg.txt\nJelkina Ella;\u017eeriavnik\nAbakanov Michal;mal\u00e1r\nIvanov Andrej;spor\u00e1k\nIvanov\u00e1 Alla;advok\u00e1t<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Nie\u010do sa zmenilo. Ivanovci sa zoradili do spr\u00e1vneho poradia, pravda Jelkina niekam u\u0161la. Vraciame sa k p\u00f4vodnej \u00falohe:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> LANG=C sort buhg.txt > buhg.srt\n$> LANG=C sort mail.txt > mail.srt\n$> LANG=C join buhg.srt mail.srt > result<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Fungoval bez ch\u00fdb, ako s\u013e\u00fabil internet. A to aj napriek Jolkina v prvej rade.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9m sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 vyrie\u0161en\u00fd, ale pre ka\u017ed\u00fa n\u00e1hodu vysk\u00fa\u0161ame e\u0161te jedno rusk\u00e9 k\u00f3dovanie \u2014 windowsov\u00e9. CP1251<\/em>:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$> iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1251 buhg.txt \n | LANG=ru_RU.CP1251 sort \n | iconv -f CP1251 -t UTF8 <\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledok triedenia, ako je divn\u00e9, bude zhodn\u00fd s lokalitou. "C"<\/em>, a cel\u00fd pr\u00edklad preto prech\u00e1dza bez ch\u00fdb. Nejak\u00e1 mystika.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Nem\u00e1m r\u00e1d mystiku v programovan\u00ed, preto\u017ee obvykle zakr\u00fdva chyby. Budem musie\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene sa zaobera\u0165 ot\u00e1zkou, ako to funguje. sort<\/em> a na \u010do to vpl\u00fdva. LC_COLLATE<\/em> .<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Na konci sa pok\u00fasim odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n