{"id":84900,"date":"2020-06-11T13:43:28","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T11:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/prostoj-failover-dlya-vebsajta-monitoring-dinamicheskij-dns"},"modified":"2020-06-11T13:43:28","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T11:43:28","slug":"prostoj-failover-dlya-vebsajta-monitoring-dinamicheskij-dns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/prostoj-failover-dlya-vebsajta-monitoring-dinamicheskij-dns","title":{"rendered":"Jednoduch\u00fd failover pre webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku (monitoring + dynamick\u00fd DNS)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku chcem uk\u00e1za\u0165, ako jednoducho a zadarmo m\u00f4\u017eete vytvori\u0165 failover sch\u00e9mu pre webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku (alebo ak\u00fako\u013evek in\u00fa internetov\u00fa slu\u017ebu) na kombin\u00e1cii monitorovania <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/okerr.com\/\">okerr<\/a><\/noindex> a dynamickej DNS slu\u017eby. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade ak\u00fdchko\u013evek probl\u00e9mov so z\u00e1kladnou str\u00e1nkou (za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac od probl\u00e9mov s \u201ePHP Error\u201c na str\u00e1nke a kon\u010diac nedostatkom miesta alebo podozrivo mal\u00fdm po\u010dtom objedn\u00e1vok v pr\u00edpade internetov\u00e9ho obchodu) bud\u00fa nov\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci presmerovan\u00ed na druh\u00fd (tret\u00ed a tak \u010falej) funk\u010dn\u00fd server, alebo na str\u00e1nku \u201ePrep\u00e1\u010dte\u201c, kde im zdvorilo vysvetlia, \u017ee \u201eje probl\u00e9m, u\u017e o \u0148om vieme a opravujeme ho, \u010doskoro to bude opraven\u00e9\u201c (a vy v tomto pr\u00edpade naozaj budete vedie\u0165 a budete si to m\u00f4c\u0165 opravi\u0165).<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>\u017di\u0165 s failoverom alebo bez?<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u00fdm sa nestane nejak\u00fd probl\u00e9m, nie je v tom z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel. Ale ke\u010f sa to stane, bez failovera \u010dasto nast\u00e1va toto: sna\u017e\u00edte sa r\u00fdchlo zisti\u0165, kde je probl\u00e9m, a nedar\u00ed sa v\u00e1m (z\u00e1lohy sa nerozba\u013euj\u00fa, softv\u00e9r nejako nefunguje, ako by mal pod\u013ea dokument\u00e1cie at\u010f.), a \u010dasu niet, servery a weby s\u00fa mimo prev\u00e1dzku, klienti volaj\u00fa, v\u0161etci s\u00fa nerv\u00f3zni, sna\u017e\u00edte sa to akosi opravi\u0165 \u201ena r\u00fdchlo\u201c a nakoniec sa to akoby spust\u00ed s workaroundmi a funguje. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee si na to mus\u00edte n\u00e1js\u0165 \u010das a v\u0161etko prepracova\u0165 poriadne, ale niet ni\u010d trvalej\u0161ieho ako do\u010dasn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n<p>Teraz, ako to prebieha v peknej variante s failoverom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chyba sa stane<\/li>\n<li>Chyba sa automaticky zist\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Posiela sa ozn\u00e1menie<\/li>\n<li>Prebieha prepnutie na jeden z rezervn\u00fdch serverov<\/li>\n<li>Pokojne a bez paniky sa probl\u00e9m analyzuje, oprav\u00ed a server sa op\u00e4\u0165 uvedie do prev\u00e1dzky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV tejto sch\u00e9me sa samozrejme m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 aj svoje probl\u00e9my, ale predsa len, sch\u00e9ma je line\u00e1rna, ka\u017ed\u00fd krok je tu jednoduch\u00fd a hlavne \u2014 d\u00e1 sa to individualizova\u0165, tak\u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 poruchy tejto sch\u00e9my je ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161ia, a v\u0161etky \u00fakony m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 automatizovan\u00e9 a vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 r\u00fdchlo (na rozdiel od \u00falohy n\u00e1js\u0165 a opravi\u0165 nevysvetlite\u013en\u00fa epick\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165). Va\u0161e lietadlo prist\u00e1lo v \u010falekej krajine, zapnete telef\u00f3n a vid\u00edte v telegramoch ozn\u00e1menie, \u017ee server spadol, ale v\u0161etko je v poriadku, aktivoval sa z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd server, m\u00f4\u017eete pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo svojej ceste, nemus\u00edte ani letie\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165, ani opravova\u0165 cez SSH z najbli\u017e\u0161ej kaviarne s WiFi. Opravi\u0165 to m\u00f4\u017eete, ke\u010f to bude pohodlnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<h2>Bud\u00facnos\u0165 je u\u017e tu!<\/h2>\n<p>\nPredt\u00fdm bola hlavn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00e1 robila failover \u010dastokr\u00e1t neprijate\u013en\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm, suma n\u00e1kladov na\u0148. Bu\u010f bolo potrebn\u00e9 k\u00fapi\u0165 drah\u00e9 zariadenia (a prizva\u0165 e\u0161te drah\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00edkov). Alebo sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 o nie\u010do zlo\u017eit\u00e9 pod\u013ea n\u00e1vodov (ja som narazil aj na variant, kde sa dva servery sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa dodato\u010dne nulov\u00fdm modemov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom a posielaj\u00fa po \u0148om heartbeat, aby v spr\u00e1vnom momente z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd server zistil a prebral kontrolu). Dnes existuj\u00fa jednoduch\u0161ie a bezplatn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy. Ak m\u00e1te str\u00e1nky s ma\u010dkami \u2013 nem\u00e1te \u017eiadne ospravedlnenie, ak ste e\u0161te neimplementovali failover!<\/p>\n<p>A okrem toho, pre failover sch\u00e9mu je potrebn\u00fd e\u0161te server (alebo aj viac) a predt\u00fdm to predstavovalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, dnes si m\u00f4\u017eete za p\u00e1r centov zaobstara\u0165 VDS.<\/p>\n<h2>Najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161ia str\u00e1nka s ma\u010dkami<\/h2>\n<p>\nNa praktick\u00fa ilustr\u00e1ciu rie\u0161enia s okerr + dynamick\u00fdm dns sme spustili na\u0161u str\u00e1nku s ma\u010dkami <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cat.okerr.com\/\">cat.okerr.com<\/a><\/noindex>. Ma\u010dky nen\u00e1vid\u00edme, tak\u017ee ich tam takmer nebude. Existuj\u00fa celkovo tri str\u00e1nky, ka\u017ed\u00e1 vyzer\u00e1 pribli\u017ene rovnako (v\u0161etky na jednom \u0161abl\u00f3ne), ale s r\u00f4znymi ma\u010diatkami, aby sa dalo \u013eahko rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e technick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, aby sme videli, ako funguje failover. Str\u00e1nka sa aktualizuje sama raz za min\u00fatu, ale v\u017edy m\u00f4\u017eete klikn\u00fa\u0165 na obnovenie v prehliada\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>V technick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch je riadok \"status=OK\". Niekedy servery simuluj\u00fa probl\u00e9my a uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \"status=ERR\". Hlavn\u00fd server sa \u201eako keby vyp\u00ednal\u201c ka\u017ed\u00fdch 20 min\u00fat (0:20, 1:20, 2:20, \u2026). Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd (backup) server o 40 min\u00fat. Posledn\u00fd server (\"sorry\" server) funguje st\u00e1le. Ka\u017ed\u00fa cel\u00fa hodinu sa hlavn\u00fd a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd server \u201eobnovuj\u00fa\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jednoduch\u00fd failover pre webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku (monitoring + dynamick\u00fd DNS)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/5bc603b6379cc5a745a65d3316c4ad3b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAk otvor\u00edte str\u00e1nku a nech\u00e1te ju na karte \u2013 uvid\u00edte, \u017ee nikdy nepad\u00e1 (hoci ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd server ob\u010das simuluje probl\u00e9m), a v pr\u00edpade probl\u00e9mu so serverom, jednoducho \"be\u017e\u00ed\" medzi \u017eiv\u00fdmi servermi. Bude sa meni\u0165 obr\u00e1zok, meno a adresa servera a jeho \u00faloha. Niekedy m\u00f4\u017eete zachyti\u0165 okamih, ke\u010f status=ERR (probl\u00e9m u\u017e existuje, ale cel\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma failover e\u0161te nepracovala), ale u\u017e \u010fal\u0161ia aktualiz\u00e1cia v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017ee str\u00e1nku z funk\u010dn\u00e9ho servera. <\/p>\n<h2>Failover na okerr + dynamick\u00e9 DNS<\/h2>\n<p>\nPozrime sa, ako to funguje pod kapotou. \u00dalohou failoveru je, aby adresa cat.okerr.com v\u017edy ukazovala na IP adresu funk\u010dn\u00e9ho servera.<br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd z serverov, ktor\u00e9 dr\u017eia na\u0161u webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku v okerr, m\u00e1 indik\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fa min\u00fatu kontroluje jeho stav.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jednoduch\u00fd failover pre webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku (monitoring + dynamick\u00fd DNS)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cdb81e84a7f5dd8cb14ea6844517cd55.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa tomto obr\u00e1zku vid\u00edme, ako sa kontroluje str\u00e1nka cat.okerr.com zo servera alpha.okerr.com. Str\u00e1nka by mala obsahova\u0165 status=OK, a ako vid\u00edme hore, stav indik\u00e1tora je moment\u00e1lne OK. Ke\u010f server \u201ezlyh\u00e1\u201c, bude ERR. (Toto je len jeden pr\u00edklad indik\u00e1tora, okerr \u2014 to je monitoring, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme prida\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek typ indik\u00e1tora, napr\u00edklad kontrolova\u0165 vo\u013en\u00e9 miesto na disku, po\u010det nov\u00fdch objedn\u00e1vok v datab\u00e1ze a dokonca logick\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory, napr\u00edklad v noci bud\u00fa in\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 ch\u00fdb ako cez de\u0148).<\/p>\n<p>V nastaveniach projektu sme vytvorili failover sch\u00e9mu s t\u00fdmito indik\u00e1tormi:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jednoduch\u00fd failover pre webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku (monitoring + dynamick\u00fd DNS)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9670b496b8f01bdcce6e4b472b3ec37e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV sch\u00e9me s\u00fa tri indik\u00e1tory (tri servery), r\u00f4zne pod\u013ea prior\u00edt. Hlavn\u00fd server pre str\u00e1nku \u2014 charlie, ak nefunguje (nebude \u201estatus=OK\u201c alebo bude jednoducho nedostupn\u00fd), tak potom bravo a v poslednom pr\u00edpade \u2014 alpha. V pravej \u010dasti str\u00e1nky sa zobrazuje stav DNS z\u00e1znamu na r\u00f4znych serveroch.<\/p>\n<p>Pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed si v\u0161imli, \u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva n\u00e1zov cat.he.okerr.com: Pou\u017e\u00edvame sch\u00e9mu o nie\u010do zlo\u017eitej\u0161iu. Namiesto toho, aby sme jednoducho menili DNS z\u00e1znam cat.okerr.com, men\u00edme cat.he.okerr.com (na poskytovate\u013eovi Dynamic DNS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/he.net\/\">Hurricane Electric<\/a><\/noindex>), a cat.okerr.com \u2014 to je CNAME (alias), ktor\u00fd sa nemen\u00ed, v\u017edy odkazuje na cat.he.okerr.com. Hurricane sa n\u00e1m jednoducho p\u00e1\u010di viac ako dynamick\u00fd DNS, a m\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010de na spr\u00e1vu samostatn\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu (nie celej z\u00f3ny), to n\u00e1m pripad\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie. M\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e neuv\u00e1dza\u0165 v okerr hesl\u00e1 a k\u013e\u00fa\u010de na spr\u00e1vu celej dom\u00e9ny, ale iba pre subdom\u00e9nu alebo z\u00e1znam.<\/p>\n<h2>Od p\u00e1du k vzostupu<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo krokoch, ako funguje t\u00e1to sch\u00e9ma:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nastane (simuluje sa) probl\u00e9m na serveri<\/li>\n<li>Senzor okerr ka\u017ed\u00fa min\u00fatu kontroluje stav ka\u017ed\u00e9ho servera a informuje hlavn\u00fd server projektu v okerr<\/li>\n<li>Indik\u00e1tor pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho servera men\u00ed stav z OK na ERR<\/li>\n<li>Pri zmene stavu indik\u00e1tora sa prepo\u010d\u00edta failover, vypo\u010d\u00edta sa, ak\u00e1 adresa sa m\u00e1 nastavi\u0165 (ak je to potrebn\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad, ak je hlavn\u00fd server v prev\u00e1dzke a v tom \u010dase zlyh\u00e1 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd \u2014 nebud\u00fa \u017eiadne zmeny)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1to adresa sa oznamuje do slu\u017eby dynamic dns. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed tohto kroku vpravo uvid\u00edte stav \u201esynchronizovan\u00fd\u201c<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u013emi skoro (sekundy) sa z\u00e1znam dostane na DNS servery va\u0161ej dom\u00e9ny (u na\u0161ej webovej str\u00e1nky s\u00fa to ns1-ns5.he.net).<\/li>\n<li>Od tohto momentu niektor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia u\u017e bud\u00fa ma\u0165 pr\u00edstup k nov\u00e9mu \u017eiv\u00e9mu serveru. Av\u0161ak e\u0161te nie v\u0161etky DNS servery vo svete aktualizovali svoje z\u00e1znamy a niekde m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 st\u00e1le ulo\u017een\u00fd star\u00fd z\u00e1znam. M\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, ako sa \u00fadaje na verejn\u00fdch DNS serveroch \"sk\u00e1\u010du\", pri\u010dom ukazuj\u00fa to nov\u00e9, to star\u00e9 hodnotenie. Ak aktualizujete str\u00e1nku s nastaveniami failover, oker po\u017eaduje nov\u00e9 \u00fadaje z DNS serverov.<\/li>\n<li>Akon\u00e1hle sa \u00fadaje stabilizovali a star\u00fd cache z\u00e1znam vypr\u0161al - v\u0161etky 100% po\u017eiadaviek id\u00fa na nov\u00fd server.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nAby ste ur\u00fdchlili 7. etapu (\u010dasto najdlh\u0161iu), je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 TTL dynamick\u00e9ho DNS z\u00e1znamu \u010do najni\u017e\u0161ie. Zvy\u010dajne slu\u017eby umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa intervaly 90-120 sek\u00fand. To je rozumn\u00fd kompromis.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010eal\u0161ie<\/h2>\n<p>\nToto v\u0161etko je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 za ve\u010der (ak u\u017e m\u00e1te duplikovan\u00fd server). A okerr aj slu\u017eby dynamick\u00e9ho DNS s\u00fa bezplatn\u00e9. Aby ste z\u00edskali viac kontrol a krat\u0161\u00ed \u010das kontroly v okerr, mus\u00edte prejs\u0165 \u0161kolen\u00edm (z profilu). Po jeho absolvovan\u00ed sa \u00farove\u0148 okam\u017eite zv\u00fd\u0161i (20 indik\u00e1torov po hodine + 1 r\u00fdchly, 10-min\u00fatov\u00fd). A ak to bude m\u00e1lo - nap\u00ed\u0161te na support@okerr.com, pravdepodobne bude mo\u017en\u00e9 to zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 (doteraz v\u017edy bola mo\u017enos\u0165, nikdy neodmietali, naopak, sami navrhovali). Len prvotne nechcem s\u013eubova\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u0161etko, nie som si ist\u00fd, \u017ee bude dos\u0165 kapac\u00edt, aby som dodr\u017eal slovo. Ale zatia\u013e je m\u00e1lo pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, tak\u017ee s zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm limitov nie s\u00fa probl\u00e9my. <\/p>\n<p>\u010co m\u00f4\u017ee okerr vlastne - pozrite sa na str\u00e1nke <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/okerr.com\/presentation.html\">prezent\u00e1ciu<\/a><\/noindex>. V podstate ide o monitoring (zabbix z cloudu), a fileover je pr\u00edjemn\u00e1 doplnkov\u00e1 funkcia. Taktie\u017e zo str\u00e1nky m\u00f4\u017eete bez registr\u00e1cie prejs\u0165 do dema.<\/p>\n<p>Pri zmene stavu indik\u00e1tora sa odosiela ozn\u00e1menie na email alebo Telegram. (Tu sme sa pozreli, \u010do sa deje, a zistili sme, \u017ee sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee Telegram je najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00ed messenger. \u010eakujeme RKN za stresov\u00fd test!) Pri spr\u00e1vnom nastaven\u00ed okerr, ka\u017ed\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menie je bu\u010f sign\u00e1l \"zahodte v\u0161etko, treba opravi\u0165!\", alebo \"pri\u0161iel sign\u00e1l zavrie\u0165!\". Oby\u010dajn\u00e9 upozornenia od okerr by nemali by\u0165 (ak s\u00fa, je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 to inak). Napr\u00edklad, pre na\u0161u kitty str\u00e1nku je server alpha posledn\u00fd a nikdy nenasimuluje chybu. Ak spadne - mus\u00edme to vedie\u0165. Ostatn\u00e9 servery toti\u017e neust\u00e1le simuluj\u00fa chyby, preto, aby sme nedost\u00e1vali upozornenia nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t za hodinu, maj\u00fa tie indik\u00e1tory status \"tich\u00fd\". <\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1 zmysel tie\u017e vytvori\u0165 server pre ospravedlnenie (na akomko\u013evek najlacnej\u0161om hostingu), ktor\u00fd bude bu\u010f obsahova\u0165 va\u0161u str\u00e1nku ospravedlnenia (na pr\u00edpad, \u017ee sa zhavaruj\u00fa v\u0161etky hlavn\u00e9 a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 servery) alebo presmeruje na str\u00e1nku stavu na okerr (tu je napr\u00edklad na\u0161a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cp.okerr.com\/status\/okerr\/\">cp.okerr.com\/status\/okerr<\/a><\/noindex>) alebo statuspage.io.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/359372\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 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\u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u00abPHP Error\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":84901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c failover \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 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