{"id":86472,"date":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy"},"modified":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","slug":"sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","title":{"rendered":"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/11ee21e8779fbedf460fcdc6e753a151.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa konci m\u00e1ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">sme<\/a><\/noindex> usporiadali online meetup na t\u00e9mu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uf4EgFmUY1Y\">\u201eModern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a kontajnery: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Hovorili sme o kontajneroch, Kubernetes a orchestri\u00e1cii vo v\u0161eobecnosti, o krit\u00e9ri\u00e1ch v\u00fdberu infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a mnohom \u010fal\u0161om. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci zdie\u013eali pr\u00edpady zo svojej praxe. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Evgenij Potapov, CEO \u201eITSumma\u201c<\/b>. Viac ako polovica jeho klientov u\u017e prech\u00e1dza alebo m\u00e1 v \u00famysle prejs\u0165 na Kubernetes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dmitrij Stoljarov, CTO \u201eFlant\u201c<\/b>. M\u00e1 viac ako 10-ro\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti s kontajnerov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami.<\/li>\n<li><b>Denis Remchukov (aka Eric Oldmann), COO argotech.io, ex-RAO EES<\/b>. S\u013e\u00fabil, \u017ee porozpr\u00e1va o pr\u00edpadoch v \u201ekrvavom\u201c podniku.<\/li>\n<li><b>Andrej Fedorovskij, CTO \u201eNews360.com\u201c<\/b>Po prevzat\u00ed spolo\u010dnosti in\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dom zodpoved\u00e1 za nieko\u013eko ML a AI projektov a za infra\u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ivan Kruglov, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017einier, ex\u2013Booking.com.<\/b>Ten ist\u00fd \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd vlastn\u00fdmi rukami dosiahol ve\u013ea s Kubernetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>T\u00e9my:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Postrehy \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov o kontajneroch a orchestri\u00e1cii (Docker, Kubernetes a podobne); \u010do vysk\u00fa\u0161ali v praxi alebo analyzovali.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edpad: V spolo\u010dnosti vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa pl\u00e1n rozvoja infra\u0161trukt\u00fary na roky. Ako sa rozhoduje, \u010di vybudova\u0165 (alebo prenies\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa) infra\u0161trukt\u00faru na kontajneroch a Kubernetes alebo nie? <\/li>\n<li>Probl\u00e9my vo svete cloud-native, \u010do ch\u00fdba, po\u010fme si predstavova\u0165, \u010do bude zajtra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa\u010dala sa zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 diskusia, n\u00e1zory \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov boli nato\u013eko r\u00f4zne a vyvolali to\u013eko koment\u00e1rov, \u017ee sa chceme o ne s vami podeli\u0165. Je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uf4EgFmUY1Y\">video na tri hodiny<\/a><\/noindex>, a ni\u017e\u0161ie \u2013 zhrnutie z diskusie. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Je Kubernetes u\u017e \u0161tandard alebo v\u00fdborn\u00fd marketing?<\/h2>\n<p>\n<i>\u201eK nemu (Kubernetes. \u2014 Red.) sme pri\u0161li vtedy, ke\u010f o \u0148om e\u0161te nikto nevedel. Pri\u0161li sme k nemu e\u0161te vtedy, ke\u010f ho nebolo. Chceli sme ho e\u0161te predt\u00fdm\u201c \u2014 <b>Dmitrij Stoljarov<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a814dda8f5e37560b6882535522498a6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto z Reddit.com<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pred 5-10 rokmi existovalo obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo n\u00e1strojov, a neexistoval \u017eiadny jednotn\u00fd \u0161tandard. Ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov sa objavil nov\u00fd produkt, alebo aj nieko\u013eko. Najprv Vagrant, potom Salt, Chef, Puppet,\u2026 \u201ea ty ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov prestavuje\u0161 svoju infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. M\u00e1\u0161 p\u00e4\u0165 adminov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa neust\u00e1le zamestnan\u00ed t\u00fdm, \u017ee prer\u00e1baj\u00fa konfigur\u00e1cie\u201c \u2014 spom\u00edna Andrej Fedorovskij. Domnieva sa, \u017ee Docker a Kubernetes \u201edali do \u00fazadia\u201c ostatn\u00fdch. <b>Docker sa stal \u0161tandardom posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov, Kubernetes \u2014 za posledn\u00e9 dva roky. A to je dobr\u00e9 pre priemysel.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij Stoljarov a jeho t\u00edm miluj\u00fa Kubernetes. Chceli ma\u0165 tak\u00fdto n\u00e1stroj sk\u00f4r, ako sa objavil, a pri\u0161li k nemu, ke\u010f o \u0148om e\u0161te nikto nevedel. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, z d\u00f4vodu pohodlia, neber\u00fa klienta, ak sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee neimplementuj\u00fa Kubernetes. Aj pod\u013ea Dmitrija m\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \"mno\u017estvo obrovsk\u00fdch success story pri premen\u00e1ch hrozn\u00e9ho legacy.\"<\/p>\n<p><b>Kubernetes nie je len orchestr\u00e1cia kontajnerov, je to syst\u00e9m na spr\u00e1vu konfigur\u00e1cie s vybudovan\u00fdm API, komponentom na sie\u0165ov\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, L3 vyrovn\u00e1van\u00edm z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee a Ingress kontrol\u00e9rmi, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje relat\u00edvne jednoduch\u00e9 spravovanie zdrojov, \u0161k\u00e1lovanie a abstrahovanie od spodn\u00fdch vrstiev infra\u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eia\u013e, v na\u0161ich \u017eivotoch za v\u0161etko treba plati\u0165. A t\u00e1to da\u0148 je ve\u013ek\u00e1, najm\u00e4 ak hovor\u00edme o prechode na Kubernetes pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s rozvinutou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou, ako si mysl\u00ed Ivan Kruglov. Mohol by bez probl\u00e9mov pracova\u0165 ako vo firme s tradi\u010dnou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou, tak aj s Kubernetes. Hlavn\u00e9 je ch\u00e1pa\u0165 vlastnosti spolo\u010dnosti a trhu. Ale napr\u00edklad pre Jevgenija Potapova, ktor\u00fd by zjednodu\u0161il Kubernetes na ak\u00fdko\u013evek n\u00e1stroj na orchestr\u00e1ciu kontajnerov, tak\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka nestoj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Jevgenij spravil anal\u00f3giu so situ\u00e1ciou v 90. rokoch, ke\u010f sa objavilo objektovo orientovan\u00e9 programovanie ako sp\u00f4sob programovania zlo\u017eit\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. V tom \u010dase sa debaty nezastavovali a objavovali sa nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 podporovali OOP. Potom sa objavili mikroslu\u017eby ako sp\u00f4sob, ako sa vzda\u0165 monolitnej koncepcie. To, na druhej strane, viedlo k objaveniu kontajnerov a n\u00e1strojov na ich spr\u00e1vu. \"Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee \u010doskoro pr\u00eddeme k \u010dasu, ke\u010f sa nebude kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zka, \u010di m\u00e1 zmysel p\u00edsa\u0165 mikroslu\u017ebovo mal\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, bud\u00fa sa p\u00edsa\u0165 predvolene ako mikroslu\u017eby,\" tvrd\u00ed on. Podobne, Docker a Kubernetes sa \u010dasom stan\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm bez potreby vo\u013eby.<\/p>\n<h2>Probl\u00e9m datab\u00e1z v stateless<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/5bd0a882ea3cebcafbb846570672be20.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@jankolar?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Twitter: @jankolario na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>V dne\u0161nej dobe je ve\u013ea receptov na spustenie datab\u00e1z v Kubernetes. Dokonca aj na oddelenie \u010dasti, ktor\u00e1 pracuje s diskov\u00fdm I\/O od, podmienene, aplika\u010dnej \u010dasti datab\u00e1zy. <b>Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee sa datab\u00e1zy v bud\u00facnosti zmenia tak, \u017ee bud\u00fa dod\u00e1van\u00e9 v boxe, kde jedna \u010das\u0165 bude orchestr\u00e1cia prostredn\u00edctvom Dockeru a Kubernetes, a v druhej \u010dasti infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, prostredn\u00edctvom samostatn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, bude poskytovan\u00e1 \u00falo\u017en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165?<\/b> Zmenia sa datab\u00e1zy ako produkt?<\/p>\n<p>Tento popis sa podob\u00e1 na mana\u017ement frontov, ale po\u017eiadavky na spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a synchroniz\u00e1ciu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch datab\u00e1zach s\u00fa pod\u013ea Andreja ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ie. Cache hit ratio v norm\u00e1lnych datab\u00e1zach je na \u00farovni 99 %. Ak worker zlyh\u00e1, spust\u00ed sa nov\u00fd a cache sa \"zahrieva\" od nuly. K\u00fdm cache nie je zahriaty, worker pracuje pomaly, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na neho nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kladen\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. K\u00fdm nie je pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, cache sa nezahrieva. To je uzavret\u00fd cyklus. <\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij s t\u00fdm z\u00e1sadne nes\u00fahlas\u00ed \u2014 kv\u00f3ra a shardovanie rie\u0161ia probl\u00e9m. Ale Andrej trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee rie\u0161enie nie je vhodn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. V niektor\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch je vhodn\u00e9 kv\u00f3rum, ale to za\u0165a\u017euje sie\u0165. NoSQL datab\u00e1zy nie s\u00fa vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch vhodn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci meetupu sa rozdelili na dva t\u00e1bory.<\/p>\n<p>Denis a Andrej tvrdia, \u017ee v\u0161etko, \u010do zapisuje na disk \u2014 datab\u00e1zy a in\u00e9 \u2014 nie je v s\u00fa\u010dasnej ekosyst\u00e9me Kubernetes mo\u017en\u00e9. <b>Nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 zachova\u0165 integritu a konzistenciu produkt\u00edvnych d\u00e1t v Kubernetes. To je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165.<\/b> Rie\u0161enie: hybridn\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara. <\/p>\n<p>Aj modern\u00e9 cloud nat\u00edvne datab\u00e1zy, ako MongoDB a Cassandra, alebo spr\u00e1vy frontov, ako Kafka alebo RabbitMQ, vy\u017eaduj\u00fa neust\u00e1le \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 d\u00e1t mimo Kubernetes. <\/p>\n<p>Evgenij namieta: \u201eDatab\u00e1zy v Kubernete s\u00fa trauma okolo rusk\u00e1, alebo okolo podnikov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 s\u00favis\u00ed s t\u00fdm, \u017ee v Rusku nie je prijatie cloudu\u201c. Mal\u00e9 alebo stredn\u00e9 firmy na Z\u00e1pade \u2014 to je Cloud. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie Amazon RDS je jednoduch\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa s Kubernetes zaobera\u0165 samostatne. V Rusku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa Kubernetes \u201eon-premise\u201c a pres\u00favaj\u00fa do neho datab\u00e1zy, ke\u010f sa sna\u017eia zbavi\u0165 sa zverine.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij tie\u017e nes\u00fahlasil s tvrden\u00edm, \u017ee \u017eiadne datab\u00e1zy nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dr\u017ean\u00e9 v Kubernetes: \u201eDatab\u00e1za je in\u00e1 jak in\u00e1. A ak zatla\u010d\u00ed\u0161 obrovsk\u00fa rela\u010dn\u00fa datab\u00e1zu \u2014 tak v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade. Ak zatla\u010d\u00ed\u0161 nie\u010do mal\u00e9 a cloud nat\u00edvne, \u010do je mor\u00e1lne pripraven\u00e9 na poluef\u00e9m\u00e9rny \u017eivot, v\u0161etko bude v poriadku.\u201c Dmitrij tie\u017e spomenul, \u017ee n\u00e1stroje na spr\u00e1vu datab\u00e1z nie s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 na Docker ani Kuber, kv\u00f4li \u010domu vznikaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan je, na svojej strane, presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa abstrahuje od pojmov stateful a stateless, ekosyst\u00e9m firemn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed v Kubernetes zatia\u013e nie je pripraven\u00fd. S Kuberom je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 splni\u0165 po\u017eiadavky legislat\u00edvnych a regula\u010dn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov. Napr\u00edklad je nemo\u017en\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 rie\u0161enie na poskytovanie identity, kde s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00edsne z\u00e1ruky identifik\u00e1cie servera, dokonca a\u017e po hardv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd je vlo\u017een\u00fd do serverov. T\u00e1to oblas\u0165 sa vyv\u00edja, ale zatia\u013e neexistuje rie\u0161enie.<br \/>\n\u00da \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom sa nepodarilo dohodn\u00fa\u0165, tak\u017ee v tejto \u010dasti z\u00e1verov nebude nasledova\u0165. Rad\u0161ej uvedieme p\u00e1r praktick\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov.<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00edpad 1. Kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u201emegaregul\u00e1tora\u201c s datab\u00e1zami mimo Kuber<\/h3>\n<p>\nV pr\u00edpade vyvinut\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti, vyu\u017e\u00edvanie kontajnerov a orchestr\u00e1cie umo\u017e\u0148uje br\u00e1ni\u0165 sa proti \u00fatokom a naru\u0161eniam. Napr\u00edklad v jednom megaregul\u00e1tore Denis a jeho t\u00edm implementovali spojenie orchestr\u00e1tora s vy\u0161kolenou SIEM slu\u017ebou, ktor\u00e1 analyzuje protokoly v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a ur\u010duje proces \u00fatoku, prieniku alebo poruchy. V pr\u00edpade \u00fatoku, pokusu nie\u010do umiestni\u0165 alebo pri prenikan\u00ed ransomv\u00e9rom, sa cez orchestr\u00e1tor r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa kontajnery s aplik\u00e1ciami, ne\u017e ich infikuje, alebo sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e ich napadne \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00edpad 2. \u010ciasto\u010dn\u00fd presun datab\u00e1z Booking.com do Kubernetes<\/h3>\n<p>\nV Booking.com je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 datab\u00e1za MySQL s asynchronnou replik\u00e1ciou \u2014 je tu master a cel\u00e1 hierarchia slave-ov. V \u010dase Odchodu Ivana z firmy bol spusten\u00fd projekt na presun slave-ov, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 \"odstr\u00e1ni\u0165\" s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledkami.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem hlavnej datab\u00e1zy existuje in\u0161tal\u00e1cia Cassandra s vlastnou orchestr\u00e1ciou, ktor\u00e1 bola vyvinut\u00e1 e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e sa Kuber stal hlavnym pr\u00fadom. Probl\u00e9my v tomto smere nie s\u00fa, ale m\u00e1 persistentn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko na lok\u00e1lnych SSD diskoch. Vzdialen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1, aj v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra, nie s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 kv\u00f4li probl\u00e9mu s vysokou latenciou.<\/p>\n<p>Tretia trieda datab\u00e1z je vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00ed servis Booking.com, kde ka\u017ed\u00e1 uzol slu\u017eby predstavuje datab\u00e1zu. Pokusy prenies\u0165 vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00ed servis do Kubera zlyhali, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd uzol m\u00e1 60\u201480 GB lok\u00e1lneho \u00falo\u017eiska, ktor\u00e9 je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u201espusti\u0165\u201c a \u201erozbehn\u00fa\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Nakoniec nepresunuli vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00ed engin do Kubernetes, a Ivan never\u00ed, \u017ee v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti bud\u00fa nov\u00e9 pokusy. MySQL datab\u00e1za bola presunut\u00e1 napoly: iba slave-ov, ktor\u00e9 nie je probl\u00e9m \"odstr\u00e1ni\u0165\". Cassandra \"sa usadila\" v\u00fdborne.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdber infra\u0161trukt\u00fary ako \u00faloha bez univerz\u00e1lneho rie\u0161enia<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/35cc454130402e47fcb9db3dbf159abb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@artunchained?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Manuel Geissinger z Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Predpokladajme, \u017ee m\u00e1me nov\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 alebo spolo\u010dnos\u0165, kde je \u010das\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00fary postaven\u00e1 pod\u013ea star\u0161\u00edch noriem. V tejto spolo\u010dnosti buduj\u00fa pl\u00e1n rozvoja infra\u0161trukt\u00fary na dlh\u00e9 roky. Ako sa rozhoduje, \u010di budova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru na kontajneroch a Kubernetes alebo nie? <\/p>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 sa pretekaj\u00fa o nanosekundy, s\u00fa vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 z diskusie. Zdrav\u00fd konzervativizmus sa oplat\u00ed z h\u013eadiska spo\u013eahlivosti, ale aj tak existuj\u00fa spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 by mali zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 nov\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan: \u201eUr\u010dite by som teraz zalo\u017eil spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v cloude, jednoducho preto, \u017ee je to r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie\u201c, hoci to nemus\u00ed by\u0165 lacnej\u0161ie. S rozvojom venture kapit\u00e1lu nemaj\u00fa startupy s peniazmi ve\u013ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a hlavnou \u00falohou je z\u00edska\u0165 trh. <\/p>\n<p>Ivan si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee <b>rozvinutos\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary je krit\u00e9riom vo\u013eby<\/b>. Ak bolo v minulosti investovan\u00fdch ve\u013ea pe\u0148az\u00ed a to funguje, nem\u00e1 zmysel to prer\u00e1ba\u0165. Ak je v\u0161ak infra\u0161trukt\u00fara nedostato\u010dne rozvinut\u00e1 a s\u00fa probl\u00e9my s n\u00e1strojmi, bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou a monitorovan\u00edm, m\u00e1 zmysel pozrie\u0165 sa na distribuovan\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. <\/p>\n<p>Da\u0148 sa bude musie\u0165 zaplati\u0165 v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade a Ivan by zaplatil t\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 mu v bud\u00facnosti umo\u017en\u00ed plati\u0165 menej. \u201e<b>Preto\u017ee len z toho d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee cestujem v vlaku, ktor\u00fd riadia in\u00ed, prejde ove\u013ea \u010falej, ako keby som nast\u00fapil do in\u00e9ho vlaku, do ktor\u00e9ho by som musel s\u00e1m prid\u00e1va\u0165 palivo.<\/b>\u201c \u2014 hovor\u00ed Ivan. Ke\u010f je spolo\u010dnos\u0165 nov\u00e1 a po\u017eiadavky na latenciu s\u00fa desiatky milisek\u00fand, Ivan by sa pozeral na \u201eoper\u00e1torov\u201c, do ktor\u00fdch sa dnes \u201epren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa\u201c klasick\u00e9 datab\u00e1zy. T\u00ed zdv\u00edhaj\u00fa replika\u010dn\u00fa \u0161n\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 sa automaticky prep\u00edna v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdpadku a podobne...<\/p>\n<p>Pre mal\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s p\u00e1r servermi v Kubernetes to ned\u00e1va zmysel, \u2014 tvrd\u00ed Andrej. Ale ak m\u00e1 v pl\u00e1ne r\u00e1s\u0165 na sto serverov a viac, potrebuje automatiz\u00e1ciu a syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy zdrojov. 90 % pr\u00edpadov ospravedl\u0148uje n\u00e1klady. A to bez oh\u013eadu na \u00farove\u0148 za\u0165a\u017eenia a zdrojov. V\u0161etk\u00fdm, od startupov po ve\u013ek\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti s mili\u00f3nmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, d\u00e1va zmysel postupne sa pozera\u0165 na produkty pre orchestr\u00e1cie kontajnerov. \u201e\u00c1no, to je naozaj bud\u00facnos\u0165,\u201c \u2014 je presved\u010den\u00fd Andrej.<\/p>\n<p>Denis ozna\u010dil dva hlavn\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 \u2014 <b>\u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 a odolnos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky.<\/b> Vyberie tie n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 najlep\u0161ie vyhovuj\u00fa tejto \u00falohe. \u201eM\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 no-name zostaven\u00fd na kolene, a na \u0148om Nutanix Community Edition. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 druh\u00e1 l\u00ednia vo forme aplik\u00e1cie na Kuber s datab\u00e1zou na backend, ktor\u00e1 sa replik\u00e1ciuje a m\u00e1 stanoven\u00e9 parametre RTO a RPO\u201c (recovery time\/point objectives \u2014 <i>pr\u00edklad<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p>Evgenij ozna\u010dil mo\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m s odborn\u00edkmi. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je na trhu ve\u013ea vysokokvalitn\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed sa rozumej\u00fa 'vn\u00fatornostiam'. Naozaj, ak je vybran\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia star\u00e1, \u0165a\u017eko n\u00e1js\u0165 niekoho in\u00e9ho ako star\u0161\u00edch unuden\u00fdch a unaven\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Aj ke\u010f ostatn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee to je ot\u00e1zka \u0161kolenia odborn\u00edkov. <br \/>\nAk postav\u00edme ot\u00e1zku vo\u013eby: spusti\u0165 mal\u00fa firmu v Public Cloud s datab\u00e1zami v Amazon RDS alebo \u201eon premise\u201c s datab\u00e1zami v Kubernetes, tak napriek niektor\u00fdm nedostatkom, v\u00fdberom \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov sa stal Amazon RDS. <\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina posluch\u00e1\u010dov meetupu nie je z 'krvav\u00e9ho' enterprisu, tak <b>distribuovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia s\u00fa to, k \u010domu sa treba sna\u017ei\u0165. Syst\u00e9my na ukladanie \u00fadajov by mali by\u0165 distribuovan\u00e9, spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 latenciu meran\u00fa v milisekund\u00e1ch, maxim\u00e1lne desiatkach<\/b>, \u2014 zhrnul Andrej.<\/p>\n<h2>Hodnotenie pou\u017eitia Kubernetes<\/h2>\n<p>\nPosluch\u00e1\u010d Anton Zhb\u00e1nkov polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku-pascu apol\u00f3gom Kubernetes: ako vyberali a uskuto\u010d\u0148ovali technicko-ekonomick\u00e9 ospravedlnenie? Pre\u010do Kubernetes, pre\u010do nie virtu\u00e1lne stroje, napr\u00edklad? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cd179deffb9bf66c3cb12d7ca9ef9244.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@artyana?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Tatyana Eremina na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Odpovedali mu Dmitrij a Ivan. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch met\u00f3dou pokus-omyl bola vytvoren\u00e1 sekvencia rozhodnut\u00ed, v d\u00f4sledku ktorej obaja \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pre\u0161li na Kubernetes. Teraz biznis za\u010d\u00edna s\u00e1m vyv\u00edja\u0165 softv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 zmysel presun\u00fa\u0165 do Kuber. Nejde o klasick\u00e9 extern\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, ako 1C. Kubernetes pom\u00e1ha, ke\u010f v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom treba r\u00fdchlo robi\u0165 releasy, pri neust\u00e1lom Continuous Improvement.<\/p>\n<p>Andrejov t\u00edm sa pok\u00fasil vytvori\u0165 \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00fd klaster na z\u00e1klade virtu\u00e1lnych strojov. Uzly padali ako domin\u00e1, \u010do niekedy viedlo k zlyhaniu klastru. \u201eTeoreticky je mo\u017en\u00e9 to dod\u011blat a podopiera\u0165 ru\u010dne, ale je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. A ak na trhu existuje rie\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pracova\u0165 z krabice, tak s rados\u0165ou sa k nemu obraciame. A v\u00fdsledkom bolo prech\u00e1dzanie k nemu,\u201c hovor\u00ed Andrej.<\/p>\n<p>Normy pre tak\u00fato anal\u00fdzu a v\u00fdpo\u010det existuj\u00fa, ale nikto nepovie, do akej miery s\u00fa pravdiv\u00e9 na re\u00e1lnom hardv\u00e9ri v prev\u00e1dzke. Pre v\u00fdpo\u010dty je taktie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozumie\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu n\u00e1stroju a ekosyst\u00e9mu, \u010do je v\u0161ak nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010co n\u00e1s \u010dak\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/d7843eb5da33c8aa5b444e86b43184d5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@drew_beamer?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Drew Beamer na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f technol\u00f3gie napreduj\u00fa, objavuje sa \u010doraz viac roztrhnut\u00fdch kusov a potom nast\u00e1va f\u00e1zov\u00fd prechod, prich\u00e1dza dod\u00e1vate\u013e, ktor\u00fd investoval dos\u0165 prostriedkov, aby v\u0161etko spojil do jedn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nemysl\u00edte, \u017ee pr\u00edde okamih, ke\u010f sa objav\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd sa stane ako Ubuntu pre svet Linuxu?<\/b> Mo\u017eno jednotn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pre kontajneriz\u00e1ciu a orchestrace zah\u0155\u0148a aj Kuber. S n\u00edm bude jednoduch\u0161ie budova\u0165 on-premise cloud. <\/p>\n<p>Odpove\u010f poskytol Ivan: \u201eGoogle teraz buduje Anthos \u2014 to je ich bal\u00edkov\u00e1 ponuka, ktor\u00e1 rozv\u00edja cloud a zah\u0155\u0148a Kuber, Service Mesh, monitorovanie \u2014 v\u0161etku infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 je potrebn\u00e1 pre mikroslu\u017eby v on-premise. Sme takmer v bud\u00facnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Denis tie\u017e spomenul Nutanix a VMWare s produktom vRealize Suite, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 podobn\u00fa \u00falohu bez kontajneriz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij vyjadril n\u00e1zor, \u017ee zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u201ebolesti\u201c a zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov s\u00fa dva smery, kde sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa zlep\u0161enia. <\/p>\n<p><b>Na z\u00e1ver diskusie vy \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c nasleduj\u00face probl\u00e9my modernej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hne\u010f traja \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pouk\u00e1zali na probl\u00e9m so stateful.<\/li>\n<li>R\u00f4zne probl\u00e9my s podporou bezpe\u010dnosti, vr\u00e1tane pravdepodobnosti, \u017ee sa v Dockeri objav\u00ed nieko\u013eko verzi\u00ed Pythonu, aplika\u010dn\u00fdch serverov a komponentov.<br \/>\nNadmern\u00e1 spotreba, na ktorej by bolo lep\u0161ie urobi\u0165 samostatn\u00fd meetup.<br \/>\nProbl\u00e9m u\u010denia, ke\u010f\u017ee orchestrace predstavuje zlo\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m.<br \/>\nCelkovo je probl\u00e9m odvetvia \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvanie n\u00e1strojov nie pod\u013ea ur\u010denia.<\/p>\n<p>Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1very nech\u00e1vam na v\u00e1s. Po\u010das zost\u00e1va pocit, \u017ee prepojenie Docker+Kubernetes nie je jednoduch\u00e9 sta\u0165 sa \u201ecentr\u00e1lnou\u201c s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou syst\u00e9mu. Napr\u00edklad opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my sa in\u0161taluj\u00fa na hardv\u00e9r ako prv\u00e9, \u010do sa ned\u00e1 poveda\u0165 o kontajneroch a orchestrace. Mo\u017eno sa v bud\u00facnosti prepoja opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a kontajnery s cloud management softv\u00e9rom.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara: probl\u00e9my a perspekt\u00edvy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4f90f876985af1b515a9d5a471ba3c74.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@gabrielsantosfotografia?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Gabriel Santos Fotografia z Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pri tejto pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 chcem pozdravi\u0165 mamu a pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e1me facebookov\u00fa skupinu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">\u201eRiadenie a v\u00fdvoj ve\u013ek\u00fdch IT projektov\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, kan\u00e1l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/feedmeto\">@feedmeto<\/a><\/noindex> s zauj\u00edmav\u00fdmi publik\u00e1ciami z r\u00f4znych technick\u00fdch blogov. A m\u00f4j kan\u00e1l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/rybakalexey\">@rybakalexey<\/a><\/noindex>, kde rozpr\u00e1vam o spr\u00e1ve v\u00fdvoja v produktov\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/508018\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, Kubernetes \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435, \u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432, CEO \u00abITSumma\u00bb. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Kubernetes. \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432, 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