{"id":87418,"date":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih"},"modified":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","slug":"gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00edru\u010dka DevOps pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ak\u00e1 je d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 DevOps, \u010do znamen\u00e1 pre IT odborn\u00edkov, popis met\u00f3d, r\u00e1mcov a n\u00e1strojov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka DevOps pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/519136aa266da5031b3def0cbd67d582.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOd chv\u00edle, ke\u010f sa pojem DevOps usadil v svete IT, pre\u0161lo mno\u017estvo zmien. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ekosyst\u00e9mu je open-source, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 presk\u00fama\u0165, pre\u010do to za\u010dalo a \u010do to znamen\u00e1 pre kari\u00e9ry v IT.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co je DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nHoci neexistuje jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 defin\u00edcia, pova\u017eujem DevOps za technologick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje interakciu medzi t\u00edmami v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdmi t\u00edmami, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie nasadenie k\u00f3du do v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch prostred\u00ed s mo\u017enos\u0165ou opakovania \u010dinnost\u00ed a automatiz\u00e1cie. Zvy\u0161ok \u010dl\u00e1nku sa s\u00fastred\u00ed na rozbalenie tohto tvrdenia.<\/p>\n<p>Slovo \u201eDevOps\u201c je kombin\u00e1ciou slov \u201ev\u00fdvoj\u201c (development) a \u201eoper\u00e1cie\u201c (operations). DevOps pom\u00e1ha zvy\u0161ova\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 dod\u00e1vania aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a slu\u017eieb. Umo\u017e\u0148uje organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m efekt\u00edvne obsluhova\u0165 svojich z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov a sta\u0165 sa konkurencieschopnej\u0161\u00edmi na trhu. Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, DevOps je o s\u00falade medzi v\u00fdvojom a IT oper\u00e1ciami s efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ou interakciou a spolupr\u00e1cou.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDevOps predpoklad\u00e1 tak\u00fa kult\u00faru, v ktorej je spolupr\u00e1ca medzi t\u00edmami v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, oper\u00e1tormi a obchodn\u00fdmi t\u00edmami pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za kriticky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd aspekt. Nejde len o n\u00e1stroje, preto\u017ee DevOps neust\u00e1le prin\u00e1\u0161a v\u00fdhody aj z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom. N\u00e1stroje s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z jeho pilierov, rovnako ako \u013eudia a procesy. DevOps zvy\u0161uje mo\u017enosti organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed poskytova\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia v \u010do najkrat\u0161om \u010dase. Taktie\u017e automatizuje v\u0161etky procesy, od zostavenia po nasadenie aplik\u00e1cie alebo produktu.<\/p>\n<p>Diskusia o DevOps sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na vz\u0165ahy medzi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi, t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161u softv\u00e9r pre \u017eivobytie, a oper\u00e1tormi, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za jeho podporu.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdzvy pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rske t\u00edmy<\/h3>\n<p>\nV\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri zvy\u010dajne s nad\u0161en\u00edm a chu\u0165ou zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy a technol\u00f3gie na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Av\u0161ak tie\u017e \u010del\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konkurentn\u00fd trh vytv\u00e1ra ve\u013ek\u00fd tlak na v\u010dasn\u00e9 dodanie produktu.<\/li>\n<li>Mali by sa postara\u0165 o spr\u00e1vu k\u00f3du pripraven\u00e9ho na produkciu a implement\u00e1ciu nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Cyklus vydania m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dlh\u00fd, preto je potrebn\u00e9, aby t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov urobil nieko\u013eko predpokladov pred nasaden\u00edm aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. V takomto scen\u00e1ri je potrebn\u00fd v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd rezerv na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sa objavuj\u00fa po\u010das nasadenia v produk\u010dnom alebo testovacom prostred\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Probl\u00e9my, s ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1va prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 skupina<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 skupiny s\u00fa historicky zameran\u00e9 na stabilitu a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 IT slu\u017eieb. Preto sa prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 t\u00edmy sna\u017eia o stabilitu prostredn\u00edctvom zmien v zdrojoch, technol\u00f3giach alebo pr\u00edstupoch. Ich \u00falohy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va rozdelenia zdrojov, ke\u010f rastie dopyt. <\/li>\n<li>Spracov\u00e1vanie zmien v dizajne alebo nastaveniach potrebn\u00fdch na pou\u017eitie v produk\u010dnom prostred\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Diagnostika a rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa v\u00fdroby, po samostatnom nasaden\u00ed aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Ako DevOps rie\u0161i probl\u00e9my v\u00fdvoja a oper\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nNamiesto toho, aby sa naraz uvo\u013e\u0148ovalo ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo funkci\u00ed aplik\u00e1cie, sa spolo\u010dnosti sna\u017eia zisti\u0165, \u010di m\u00f4\u017eu nasadi\u0165 mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo funkci\u00ed pre svojich klientov v s\u00e9rii iter\u00e1ci\u00ed vydania. Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko v\u00fdhod, ako je lep\u0161ia kvalita softv\u00e9ru, r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba od z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov at\u010f. To zase zabezpe\u010duje vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 spokojnosti z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. Na dosiahnutie t\u00fdchto cie\u013eov sa od spolo\u010dnost\u00ed vy\u017eaduje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 percento zlyhan\u00ed pri vyd\u00e1van\u00ed nov\u00fdch verzi\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 frekvenciu nasadenia<\/li>\n<li>Dosiahnu\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed priemer na obnovenie v pr\u00edpade vydania novej verzie aplik\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<li>Skra\u0165te \u010das na opravy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDevOps pln\u00ed v\u0161etky tieto \u00falohy a pom\u00e1ha zabezpe\u010di\u0165 plynul\u00e9 dod\u00e1vanie. Organiz\u00e1cie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa DevOps na dosiahnutie tak\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00e9 by pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi boli nepredstavite\u013en\u00e9. Denne robia desiatky, stovky a dokonca tis\u00edce nasaden\u00ed, pri\u010dom zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165, stabilitu a svetov\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opensource.com\/article\/19\/3\/devops-most-important-tech-strategy\">(Zistite viac o ve\u013ekostiach d\u00e1vok<\/a><\/noindex> a ich vplyve na dod\u00e1vanie softv\u00e9ru).<\/p>\n<p>DevOps sa sna\u017e\u00ed vyrie\u0161i\u0165 r\u00f4zne probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa z aplik\u00e1cie metodol\u00f3gi\u00ed minulosti, vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Izolovanos\u0165 pr\u00e1ce v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch a opera\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00edmov <\/li>\n<li>Testovanie a nasadzovanie ako samostatn\u00e9 f\u00e1zy, vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 po n\u00e1vrhu a zostaven\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa viac \u010dasu ako cykly zostavy.<\/li>\n<li>Nadmierna \u010dasov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 na testovanie, nasadzovanie a n\u00e1vrh namiesto zamerania sa na vytv\u00e1ranie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb.<\/li>\n<li>Ru\u010dn\u00e9 nasadzovanie k\u00f3du, ktor\u00e9 vedie k chyb\u00e1m v produkcii.<\/li>\n<li>Rozdiely v harmonogramoch pr\u00e1ce v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch a opera\u010dn\u00fdch skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k dodato\u010dn\u00fdm oneskoreniam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka DevOps pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/efa9f7d0e530abcdb53d2e6168fa112f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>S\u00fa\u0165a\u017e medzi DevOps, Agile a tradi\u010dn\u00fdm IT.<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps sa \u010dasto diskutuje v s\u00favislosti s in\u00fdmi IT praktikami, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm agiln\u00fdm a vodop\u00e1dov\u00fdm IT prostred\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Agiln\u00fd je s\u00fabor princ\u00edpov, hodn\u00f4t a met\u00f3d v\u00fdroby softv\u00e9ru. Napr\u00edklad, ak m\u00e1te n\u00e1pad, ktor\u00fd chcete zmeni\u0165 na softv\u00e9r, m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 princ\u00edpy a hodnoty agiln\u00e9ho. Av\u0161ak tento softv\u00e9r m\u00f4\u017ee fungova\u0165 iba v prostred\u00ed v\u00fdvoja alebo testovania. Potrebujete jednoduch\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako r\u00fdchlo a s vysokou opakovate\u013enos\u0165ou prenies\u0165 softv\u00e9r do produk\u010dn\u00e9ho prostredia, a cesta vedie cez n\u00e1stroje a met\u00f3dy DevOps. Agiln\u00e1 metodol\u00f3gia v\u00fdvoja softv\u00e9ru sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na procesy v\u00fdvoja, zatia\u013e \u010do DevOps zodpoved\u00e1 za v\u00fdvoj a nasadenie - najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm a najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n<p>Porovnanie tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho vodop\u00e1dov\u00e9ho modelu s DevOps je dobr\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako pochopi\u0165 v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 DevOps prin\u00e1\u0161a. V nasleduj\u00facom pr\u00edklade sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee aplik\u00e1cia bude spusten\u00e1 za \u0161tyri t\u00fd\u017edne, v\u00fdvoj je dokon\u010den\u00fd na 85%, aplik\u00e1cia bude spusten\u00e1 a proces obstar\u00e1vania serverov na zaslanie k\u00f3du pr\u00e1ve za\u010dal.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 procesy<br \/>\nProcesy v DevOps<\/p>\n<p>Po objednan\u00ed nov\u00fdch serverov t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov pracuje na testovan\u00ed. Prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 skupina pracuje na rozsiahlej dokument\u00e1cii potrebnej na nasadenie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary v podnikoch.<br \/>\nPo zadan\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky na nov\u00e9 servery t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a oper\u00e1torov spolo\u010dne pracuje na procesoch a dokument\u00e1cii na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu nov\u00fdch serverov. To umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na infra\u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n<p>Inform\u00e1cie o obnove po v\u00fdpadku, redundancii, umiestnen\u00ed d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier a po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na \u00falo\u017eisko s\u00fa skreslen\u00e9, preto\u017ee ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa vstupy od t\u00edmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 hlbok\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<br \/>\nPodrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o prekon\u00e1van\u00ed v\u00fdpadkov, redundancii, havarijnom obnoven\u00ed, umiestnen\u00ed d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier a po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na \u00falo\u017eisko s\u00fa zn\u00e1me a spr\u00e1vne v\u010faka pr\u00edspevku t\u00edmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00fd t\u00edm nem\u00e1 preh\u013ead o pokroku t\u00edmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov. Taktie\u017e vypracov\u00e1va pl\u00e1n monitorovania na z\u00e1klade vlastn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v. <\/p>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00fd t\u00edm je \u00faplne informovan\u00fd o pokroku, ktor\u00fd dosiahol t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov. Tie\u017e spolupracuj\u00fa s t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa pl\u00e1n monitorovania, ktor\u00fd vyhovuje IT a potreb\u00e1m podnikania. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj n\u00e1stroje na monitorovanie v\u00fdkonu aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (APM).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00fd test vykonan\u00fd pred spusten\u00edm aplik\u00e1cie sp\u00f4sobuje jej zlyhanie, \u010do oneskoruje jej spustenie.<br \/>\nZ\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00fd test vykonan\u00fd pred spusten\u00edm aplik\u00e1cie sp\u00f4sobuje zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdkonu. T\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov r\u00fdchlo odstra\u0148uje \u00fazke miesta a aplik\u00e1cia sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a na\u010das.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017divotn\u00fd cyklus DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps predpoklad\u00e1 prij\u00edmanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch osved\u010den\u00fdch prakt\u00edk.<\/p>\n<h3>Nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie<\/h3>\n<p>\nNepretr\u017eit\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie sa opiera o princ\u00edpy \u0161t\u00edhlosti, s cie\u013eom za\u010da\u0165 s mal\u00fdm, ur\u010di\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 zdroje a v\u00fdsledky na overenie hodnoty podnikania alebo v\u00edzie, neust\u00e1le adaptova\u0165, mera\u0165 pokrok, sk\u00fama\u0165 potreby klientov, meni\u0165 smer pod\u013ea potreby s oh\u013eadom na obratnos\u0165 a aktualizova\u0165 podnikate\u013esk\u00fd pl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Spolo\u010dn\u00fd rozvoj<\/h3>\n<p>\nSpolupr\u00e1ca pri v\u00fdvoji umo\u017e\u0148uje podnikaniu, t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a t\u00edmom testerov, rozmiestnen\u00fdm v r\u00f4znych \u010dasov\u00fdch p\u00e1smach, neust\u00e1le dod\u00e1va\u0165 kvalitn\u00fd softv\u00e9r. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zah\u0155\u0148a multiplatformov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, podporu programovac\u00edch jazykov, vytv\u00e1ranie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov, generovanie n\u00e1padov a riadenie \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu. Spolupr\u00e1ca pri v\u00fdvoji obsahuje proces a prax nepretr\u017eitej integr\u00e1cie, \u010do prispieva k \u010dastej integr\u00e1cii k\u00f3du a automatizovanej kompil\u00e1cii. Pri \u010dastom nasadzovan\u00ed k\u00f3du do aplik\u00e1cie sa probl\u00e9my s integr\u00e1ciou identifikuj\u00fa v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1zach \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu (ke\u010f sa \u013eah\u0161ie opravuj\u00fa), a celkov\u00e9 \u00fasilie v integr\u00e1cii sa skracuje v\u010faka nepretr\u017eitej sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zbe, preto\u017ee projekt demon\u0161truje neust\u00e1ly a preh\u013eadn\u00fd pokrok.<\/p>\n<h3>Nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 testovanie<\/h3>\n<p>\nNepretr\u017eit\u00e9 testovanie zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na testovanie a pom\u00e1ha t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov vyv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a kvalitu. Taktie\u017e eliminuje \u00fazke miesta v testovan\u00ed pomocou virtualiz\u00e1cie slu\u017eieb a zjednodu\u0161uje vytv\u00e1ranie virtualizovan\u00fdch testovac\u00edch prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u013eahko zdie\u013ea\u0165, nasadzova\u0165 a aktualizova\u0165 pod\u013ea zmien syst\u00e9mov. Tieto schopnosti skracuj\u00fa v\u00fddavky na inicializ\u00e1ciu a \u00fadr\u017ebu testovac\u00edch prostred\u00ed, ako aj dobu testovania, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 integra\u010dn\u00e9 testovanie v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1zach \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie a nasadzovanie<\/h3>\n<p>\nTieto met\u00f3dy prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa jednu z hlavn\u00fdch prakt\u00edk: nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vanie a nasadzovanie. T\u00fdm zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa nepretr\u017eit\u00fd kan\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd automatizuje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 procesy. Zni\u017euj\u00fa po\u010det ru\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010das \u010dakania na zdroje a objem prestojov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje nasadzovanie stla\u010den\u00edm tla\u010didla, \u010d\u00edm sa zabezpe\u010duje viac vydan\u00ed, zni\u017euje sa po\u010det ch\u00fdb a dosahuje sa \u00fapln\u00e1 transparentnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Automatiz\u00e1cia zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed stabiln\u00e9ho a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1vania softv\u00e9ru. Jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch \u00faloh je vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy ru\u010dn\u00e9 procesy, ako je zostavovanie, regresia, nasadzovanie a vytv\u00e1ranie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, a automatizova\u0165 ich. Na to je potrebn\u00e9 verzovanie zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du; skripty na testovanie a nasadzovanie; \u00fadaje o infra\u0161trukt\u00fare a konfigur\u00e1cii aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed; ako aj kni\u017enice a bal\u00edky, na ktor\u00fdch aplik\u00e1cia z\u00e1vis\u00ed. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom je mo\u017enos\u0165 dopytova\u0165 sa na stav v\u0161etk\u00fdch prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 monitorovanie<\/h3>\n<p>\nNepretr\u017eit\u00e9 monitorovanie zabezpe\u010duje vytv\u00e1ranie reportov na podnikovej \u00farovni, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov pochopi\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 a v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v produk\u010dnom prostred\u00ed e\u0161te pred ich nasaden\u00edm do prev\u00e1dzky. V\u010dasn\u00e1 sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba, ktor\u00fa poskytuje nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 monitorovanie, je rozhoduj\u00faca pre zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov na chyby a riadenie projektov spr\u00e1vnym smerom. T\u00e1to prax \u010dasto zah\u0155\u0148a n\u00e1stroje sledovania, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u010dajne odha\u013euj\u00fa metriky s\u00favisiace s v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nepretr\u017eit\u00e1 sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a optimaliz\u00e1cia<\/h3>\n<p>\nNepretr\u017eit\u00e1 sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a optimaliz\u00e1cia poskytuj\u00fa vizu\u00e1lne zobrazovanie toku z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov a presn\u00e9 ur\u010denie probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 poskytnut\u00e1 ako v predpredajnej, tak aj v postproduk\u010dnej f\u00e1ze na maximaliz\u00e1ciu hodnoty a zabezpe\u010denie \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho dokon\u010denia e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho po\u010dtu transakci\u00ed. To v\u0161etko zabezpe\u010duje okam\u017eit\u00fa vizualiz\u00e1ciu z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din probl\u00e9mov z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ich spr\u00e1vanie a dopad na podnikanie.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka DevOps pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/dbf4a074aee8877a1121ad9f7c13c5d8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 k vytvoreniu prostredia, kde v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri a oper\u00e1tori pracuj\u00fa ako jeden t\u00edm na dosahovan\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00fdch cie\u013eov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom v tomto procese je zavedenie kontinu\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie a kontinu\u00e1lneho dod\u00e1vania (CI\/CD). Tieto metodiky umo\u017enia t\u00edmom r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie uv\u00e1dza\u0165 softv\u00e9r na trh s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom ch\u00fdb.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody DevOps patr\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Predv\u00eddate\u013enos\u0165: DevOps pon\u00faka podstatne ni\u017e\u0161iu frekvenciu zlyhan\u00ed pri vyd\u00e1van\u00ed nov\u00fdch verzi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dadr\u017eba: DevOps umo\u017e\u0148uje jednoduch\u00e9 obnovenie v pr\u00edpade zlyhania novej verzie alebo vypnutia aplik\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<li>Reprodukovate\u013enos\u0165: Syst\u00e9m kontroly verzi\u00ed zostavenia alebo k\u00f3du umo\u017e\u0148uje obnovi\u0165 star\u0161ie verzie pod\u013ea potreby.<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u0161\u0161ia kvalita: Rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov s infra\u0161trukt\u00farou zlep\u0161uje kvalitu v\u00fdvoja aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas uvedenia na trh: Optimaliz\u00e1cia dod\u00e1vky softv\u00e9ru skracuje \u010das uvedenia na trh o 50 %.<\/li>\n<li>Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika: Zabezpe\u010denie bezpe\u010dnosti v \u017eivotnom cykle softv\u00e9ru zni\u017euje po\u010det ch\u00fdb po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomick\u00e1 efekt\u00edvnos\u0165: T\u00fa\u017eba po ekonomickej efekt\u00edvnosti pri v\u00fdvoji softv\u00e9ru je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 medzi vrcholov\u00fdm veden\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Odolnos\u0165: Softv\u00e9rov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je stabilnej\u0161\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 podroben\u00fd kontrol\u00e1m zmien.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00fd z\u00e1klad je rozdelen\u00fd na riadite\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti: DevOps sa zaklad\u00e1 na flexibiln\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch met\u00f3dach, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa rozdelenie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho k\u00f3dov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu na men\u0161ie a riadite\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1sady DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrijatie DevOps viedlo k nieko\u013ek\u00fdm z\u00e1sad\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa vyvinuli (a na\u010falej vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa). V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dod\u00e1vate\u013eov rie\u0161en\u00ed vytvorila svoje vlastn\u00e9 modifik\u00e1cie r\u00f4znych metod\u00edk. V\u0161etky tieto z\u00e1sady s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na holistickom pr\u00edstupe k DevOps a organiz\u00e1cie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek ve\u013ekosti ich m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyv\u00edjajte a testujte v prostred\u00ed podobnom produk\u010dn\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n<p>\nPodstatou je umo\u017eni\u0165 t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a odborn\u00edkom na kontrolu kvality (QA) vyv\u00edja\u0165 a testova\u0165 syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa ako produk\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, aby mohli vidie\u0165, ako aplik\u00e1cia funguje a pracuje dlho predt\u00fdm, ako bude pripraven\u00e1 na nasadenie.<\/p>\n<p>Aplik\u00e1cia by mala by\u0165 pripojen\u00e1 k produk\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom \u010do najsk\u00f4r v priebehu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu na rie\u0161enie troch hlavn\u00fdch potenci\u00e1lnych probl\u00e9mov. Po prv\u00e9, umo\u017e\u0148uje otestova\u0165 aplik\u00e1ciu v prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je bl\u00edzke re\u00e1lnemu prostrediu. Po druh\u00e9, umo\u017e\u0148uje vopred testova\u0165 a overova\u0165 procesy dod\u00e1vky aplik\u00e1cie. Po tretie, umo\u017e\u0148uje opera\u010dn\u00e9mu t\u00edmu skontrolova\u0165 v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1zach \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu, ako sa ich prostredie bude spr\u00e1va\u0165, ke\u010f bud\u00fa aplik\u00e1cie nasaden\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm im poskytuje mo\u017enos\u0165 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 jemne prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9, na aplik\u00e1cie zameran\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n<h3>Nasadenie s reprodukovate\u013en\u00fdmi, spo\u013eahliv\u00fdmi procesmi<\/h3>\n<p>\nTento princ\u00edp umo\u017e\u0148uje t\u00edmom v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a oper\u00e1torov udr\u017eiava\u0165 flexibiln\u00e9 procesy v\u00fdvoja softv\u00e9ru po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu. Automatiz\u00e1cia je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre vytv\u00e1ranie iterat\u00edvnych, spo\u013eahliv\u00fdch a reprodukovate\u013en\u00fdch procesov. Organiz\u00e1cia by preto mala vytvori\u0165 dod\u00e1vkov\u00fd kan\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje kontinu\u00e1lne automatizovan\u00e9 nasadenie a testovanie. \u010cast\u00e9 nasadenie tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje t\u00edmom testova\u0165 procesy nasadenia, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje riziko zlyhan\u00ed nasadenia po\u010das skuto\u010dn\u00fdch vydan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Monitorovanie a overovanie kvality pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n<p>\nOrganiz\u00e1cie s\u00fa dobr\u00e9 v monitorovan\u00ed aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v produkcii, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa metriky a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 ukazovatele v\u00fdkonnosti (KPI) v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Tento princ\u00edp pres\u00fava monitorovanie do ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu, \u010d\u00edm zaru\u010duje, \u017ee automatizovan\u00e9 testovanie sleduje funk\u010dn\u00e9 a nefunk\u010dn\u00e9 atrib\u00faty aplik\u00e1cie v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1zach procesu. Kedyko\u013evek sa aplik\u00e1cia testuje a nasadzuje, kvalitat\u00edvne ukazovatele by mali by\u0165 sk\u00faman\u00e9 a analyzovan\u00e9. N\u00e1stroje monitorovania poskytuj\u00fa v\u010dasn\u00e9 upozornenie na probl\u00e9my s\u00favisiace s prev\u00e1dzkou a kvalitou, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 v procese v\u00fdroby. Tieto ukazovatele by mali by\u0165 zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 v form\u00e1te, ktor\u00fd je pr\u00edstupn\u00fd a zrozumite\u013en\u00fd v\u0161etk\u00fdm zainteresovan\u00fdm stran\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>Zlep\u0161ovanie cyklov sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedn\u00fdm z cie\u013eov procesov DevOps je umo\u017eni\u0165 organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie reagova\u0165 a uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 zmeny. Pri dod\u00e1vke softv\u00e9ru tento cie\u013e vy\u017eaduje, aby organiz\u00e1cia z\u00edskavala sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu v ran\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch a potom sa r\u00fdchlo u\u010dila z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho uskuto\u010dnen\u00e9ho kroku. Tento princ\u00edp vy\u017eaduje, aby organiz\u00e1cie vytv\u00e1rali komunika\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zainteresovan\u00fdm stran\u00e1m ma\u0165 pr\u00edstup a zap\u00e1ja\u0165 sa na b\u00e1ze sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby. V\u00fdvoj m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 \u00fapravou svojich projektov\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov alebo prior\u00edt. V\u00fdroba m\u00f4\u017ee postupova\u0165 zlep\u0161ovan\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>\n<h3>Dev<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pl\u00e1novanie:<\/b> Kanboard, Wekan a \u010fal\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy Trello; GitLab, Tuleap, Redmine a \u010fal\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy JIRA; Mattermost, Roit.im, IRC a \u010fal\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy Slack. <\/li>\n<li><b>P\u00edsanie k\u00f3du:<\/b> Git, Gerrit, Bugzilla; Jenkins a \u010fal\u0161ie n\u00e1stroje s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom pre CI\/CD<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u00fabor:<\/b> Apache Maven, Gradle, Apache Ant, Packer<\/li>\n<li><b>Testy:<\/b> JUnit, Cucumber, Selenium, Apache JMeter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ops <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vydanie, nasadenie, oper\u00e1cie:<\/b> Kubernetes, Nomad, Jenkins, Zuul, Spinnaker, Ansible, Apache ZooKeeper, etcd, Netflix Archaius, Terraform<\/li>\n<li><b>Monitorovanie:<\/b> Grafana, Prometheus, Nagios, InfluxDB, Fluentd a in\u00e9 pokryt\u00e9 v tejto pr\u00edru\u010dke<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<i>(* N\u00e1stroje pre oper\u00e1cie boli \u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea vyu\u017e\u00edvania opera\u010dn\u00fdmi t\u00edmami, ale ich n\u00e1stroje sa prekr\u00fdvaj\u00fa so \u0161t\u00e1diami \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu n\u00e1strojmi vydania a nasadenia. Pre jednoduch\u0161ie \u010d\u00edtanie bola \u010d\u00edslovanie odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9.)<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Na z\u00e1ver<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps je \u010doraz popul\u00e1rnej\u0161ia metodol\u00f3gia, ktorej cie\u013eom je spoji\u0165 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a oper\u00e1torov do jedn\u00e9ho celku. Je jedine\u010dn\u00e1, odli\u0161uje sa od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch IT oper\u00e1ci\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a Agile (ale nie je tak flexibiln\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u00edru\u010dka DevOps pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/270640805d10c24a189b1cb4af916488.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZistite podrobnosti, ako z\u00edska\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00fa profesiu od nuly alebo si zlep\u0161ite zru\u010dnosti a plat absolvovan\u00edm platen\u00fdch online kurzov SkillFactory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/devops?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DEVOPS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz o DevOps<\/a><\/noindex> (12 mesiacov)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u010fal\u0161ie kurzy<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/ml-programma-machine-learning-online?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=ML&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz o Machine Learning<\/a><\/noindex> (12 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/data-scientist?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DST&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Vzdel\u00e1vanie pre profesiu Data Science od z\u00e1kladov<\/a><\/noindex> (12 mesiacov)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/analytics?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=SDA&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Profesia analytika s ak\u00fdmko\u013evek po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdm LEVELom<\/a><\/noindex> (9 mesiacov)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/python-for-web-developers?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=PWS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz \u201ePython pre webov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> (9 mesiacov)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>U\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503196\/\">450 bezplatn\u00fdch kurzov od Ivy League<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508450\/\">Trendy v Data Science 2020<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508556\/\">Data Science zomrela. Nech \u017eije Business Science<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/506790\/\">Data Science na steroidoch: zozn\u00e1menie s Decision Intelligence<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503504\/\">Naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00ed a najskand\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed projekt Data Science: Cambridge Analytica<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/509344\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DevOps, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0418\u0422-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d DevOps \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 IT-\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 IT. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 DevOps \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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