{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Spojen\u00e9 jedn\u00fdm pohonom","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako je implementovan\u00fd spoj Apache & Nginx v Timeweb<\/i><\/p>\n

Pre mnoh\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti je kombin\u00e1cia Nginx + Apache + PHP ve\u013emi typick\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1, a Timeweb tu nie je v\u00fdnimkou. Av\u0161ak pochopenie, ako presne je t\u00e1to kombin\u00e1cia realizovan\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nPou\u017eitie takejto kombin\u00e1cie je samozrejme dan\u00e9 potrebami na\u0161ich klientov. Oba, Nginx a Apache, hraj\u00fa osobitn\u00fa \u00falohu, ka\u017ed\u00fd rie\u0161i ur\u010dit\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00e9 nastavenia Apache<\/b> sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa v konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00faboroch samotn\u00e9ho Apache, zatia\u013e \u010do nastavenia pre klientsk\u00e9 str\u00e1nky prebiehaj\u00fa cez s\u00fabor .htaccess<\/b>.htaccess je konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor, v ktorom si klient m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00e1m nastavi\u0165 pravidl\u00e1 a spr\u00e1vanie webov\u00e9ho servera. Toto nastavenie sa bude t\u00fdka\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne jeho str\u00e1nky. Napr\u00edklad, v\u010faka funk\u010dnosti Apache m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edvatelia meni\u0165 re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci jednej verzie PHP z mod_php na mod_cgi; je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 presmerovania, optimaliz\u00e1ciu pre SEO, priate\u013esk\u00e9 URL, a niektor\u00e9 limity pre PHP.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> funguje ako proxy server na presmerovanie prenosu na Apache a ako web server<\/a> na dod\u00e1vanie statick\u00e9ho obsahu. Pre Nginx sme tie\u017e vyvinuli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 moduly, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 d\u00e1ta na\u0161ich pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, napr\u00edklad oddeli\u0165 pr\u00e1va pr\u00edstupu. <\/p>\n

Predstavme si, \u017ee nejak\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e nav\u0161tevuje str\u00e1nku n\u00e1\u0161ho klienta. Najprv pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e prech\u00e1dza na Nginx, ktor\u00fd dod\u00e1va statick\u00fd obsah. To sa deje okam\u017eite. Potom, ke\u010f d\u00f4jde na na\u010d\u00edtanie PHP, Nginx presmeruje po\u017eiadavku na Apache. A Apache spolu s PHP u\u017e generuje dynamick\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1 spojenia Apache & Nginx v Timeweb <\/h3>\n

\nNa na\u0161om virtu\u00e1lnom hostingu s\u00fa implementovan\u00e9 2 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 sch\u00e9my pr\u00e1ce Apache & Nginx: Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 a Dedikovan\u00e1<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZdie\u013ean\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1to sch\u00e9ma sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Vyzna\u010duje sa jednoduchos\u0165ou a n\u00edzkou spotrebou zdrojov: Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma pou\u017e\u00edva menej zdrojov, preto je aj jej tarifa lacnej\u0161ia. Pod\u013ea tejto sch\u00e9my je na serveri spusten\u00fd jeden Nginx, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obsluhova\u0165 v\u0161etky pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky, a nieko\u013eko instance Apache.<\/p>\n

Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma bola dlhodobo vylep\u0161ovan\u00e1: postupne sme opravovali nedostatky. Je praktick\u00e9, \u017ee ju mo\u017eno realizova\u0165 bez nutnosti upravova\u0165 zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nzdie\u013ean\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma <\/i><\/p>\n

Dedikovan\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedikovan\u00fd server vy\u017eaduje viac zdrojov, preto je jeho tarifa pre klientov drah\u0161ia. V sch\u00e9me dedikovan\u00e9ho servera je pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta spusten\u00fd vlastn\u00fd, samostatn\u00fd Apache. Zdroje s\u00fa tu rezervovan\u00e9 pre klienta, s\u00fa vyhraden\u00e9 exkluz\u00edvne. Ako to funguje: na serveri je nieko\u013eko verzi\u00ed PHP. Podporujeme verzie 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. Tak\u017ee pre ka\u017ed\u00fa verziu PHP be\u017e\u00ed vlastn\u00fd Apache.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nsch\u00e9ma dedikovan\u00e9ho servera<\/i><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00f3na. Nastavenie z\u00f3n v Nginx<\/h3>\n

\nPredt\u00fdm sme pre Nginx pou\u017e\u00edvali mno\u017estvo z\u00f3n zdie\u013eanej pam\u00e4te (zone) \u2014 jeden blok servera pre jeden dom\u00e9n. Toto nastavenie vy\u017eaduje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo zdrojov, preto\u017ee pre ka\u017ed\u00fa str\u00e1nku sa vytv\u00e1ra samostatn\u00e1 z\u00f3na. Av\u0161ak v nastaveniach Nginx je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina str\u00e1nok rovnak\u00e1, a preto ich m\u00f4\u017eeme umiestni\u0165 do jednej z\u00f3ny pomocou direkt\u00edvy map v module ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa nastavi\u0165 zodpovednosti. Napr\u00edklad m\u00e1me \u0161abl\u00f3nu z\u00f3ny, do ktorej mus\u00edme dod\u00e1va\u0165 premenn\u00e9: cesta k str\u00e1nke, verzia PHP, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e. Takto sa ur\u00fdchlilo pre\u010d\u00edtanie konfigur\u00e1cie Nginx, teda reload.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e1to konfigur\u00e1cia u\u0161et\u0159ila zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te a ur\u00fdchlila \u010dinnos\u0165 Nginx.<\/p>\n

Reload neprebehne! <\/h3>\n

\nV sch\u00e9me zdie\u013ean\u00e9ho servera sme sa zbavili potreby re\u0161tartova\u0165 (reload) Apache pri zmen\u00e1ch v nastaveniach str\u00e1nok. Predt\u00fdm, ke\u010f jeden klient chcel prida\u0165 dom\u00e9nu alebo zmeni\u0165 verziu PHP, bolo potrebn\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 reload Apache, \u010do sp\u00f4sobovalo oneskorenia v odpovediach a negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148ovalo v\u00fdkon str\u00e1nok.<\/p>\n

Zbavili sme sa reloadov vytvoren\u00edm dynamick\u00fdch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed. V\u010faka mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> (module Apache) sa ka\u017ed\u00fd proces vykon\u00e1va pod jednotliv\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, \u010do zvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia. Tento sp\u00f4sob umo\u017e\u0148uje pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 z Nginx do Apache2 \u00fadaje o pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi a jeho document_root. Takto Apache neobsahuje v sebe konfigur\u00e1cie str\u00e1nok, dost\u00e1va ich dynamicky a reloady u\u017e nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nKonfigur\u00e1cia sch\u00e9my zdie\u013ean\u00e9ho servera<\/i> <\/p>\n

A \u010do Docker?<\/h3>\n

\nVe\u013ea spolo\u010dnost\u00ed pre\u0161lo na syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na kontajneroch. Timeweb teraz zva\u017euje mo\u017enos\u0165 tak\u00e9hoto prechodu. Nepochybne, v ka\u017edom rie\u0161en\u00ed sa daj\u00fa n\u00e1js\u0165 plusy a m\u00ednusy. <\/p>\n

Napriek nepopierate\u013en\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e v kontajnerovom syst\u00e9me menej zdrojov. V Timeweb, v\u010faka op\u00edsan\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu fungovania hostingu, nem\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e obmedzenie pam\u00e4te. Z\u00edska viac zdrojov, ne\u017e v kontajneri. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017ee u\u017e\u00edvate\u013e nahra\u0165 viac modulov Apache.<\/p>\n

Timeweb prev\u00e1dzkuje pribli\u017ene 500 000 webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. Neseme ve\u013ek\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 a nevykon\u00e1vame okam\u017eit\u00e9, neopodstatnen\u00e9 zmeny v zlo\u017eitej architekt\u00fare. Prepojenie Apache & Nginx je spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 a overen\u00e9 \u010dasom. Na\u0161a snaha je dosiahnu\u0165 maxim\u00e1lny v\u00fdkon v\u010faka unik\u00e1tnym konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Na kvalitn\u00fa a r\u00fdchlu pr\u00e1cu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok je potrebn\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 \u0161abl\u00f3nov\u00fa a dynamick\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu Apache a Nginx. Umo\u017e\u0148uje jednoducho a r\u00fdchlo spravova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo podobn\u00fdch serverov.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Nginx + Apache + PHP \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0438 Timeweb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0418 Nginx \u0438 Apache \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":88906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. Spojen\u00e9 jedn\u00fdm re\u0165azcom | ProHoster","description":"Ako je realizovan\u00e9 prepojenie Apache & Nginx v Timeweb. Pre mnoh\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti je Nginx + Apache + PHP ve\u013emi typick\u00e9 a roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 prepojenie, a Timeweb nie je v\u00fdnimkou.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 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