{"id":89721,"date":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej"},"modified":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","slug":"booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","title":{"rendered":"booty \u2014 utilita na vytv\u00e1ranie zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch obrazov a \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Predstaven\u00fd program Booty<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje jedn\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 zav\u00e1dzacie obrazy initrd, s\u00fabory ISO alebo pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa ak\u00fdko\u013evek distribu\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m GNU\/Linux. K\u00f3d je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v POSIX shell a distribuovan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> je pod licenciou GPLv3. <\/p>\n

V\u0161etky distrib\u00facie nahr\u00e1van\u00e9 pomocou Booty funguj\u00fa bu\u010f v SHMFS (tmpfs), alebo v SquashFS + Overlay FS, pod\u013ea v\u00fdberu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Distrib\u00facia sa vytvor\u00ed raz, a po\u010das sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania sa vyberaj\u00fa parametre, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u010dist\u00e9ho tmpfs ako kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ra, alebo kombin\u00e1ciu Overlay FS + SquashFS s zapisovan\u00edm zmien do tmpfs. Existuje mo\u017enos\u0165 predkop\u00edrova\u0165 nahr\u00e1van\u00fa distrib\u00faciu do RAM, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje odpoji\u0165 USB zariadenie po spusten\u00ed a kop\u00edrovan\u00ed distrib\u00facie do pam\u00e4te.<\/p>\n

Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Booty generuje vlastn\u00fd initrd obraz, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 nat\u00edvne n\u00e1stroje z aktu\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu alebo busybox. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 zahrn\u00fa\u0165 (zbali\u0165) cel\u00fd nain\u0161talovan\u00fd distribu\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m do initramfs nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho sa v adres\u00e1ri (chroot). To m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f je potrebn\u00e9 aktualizova\u0165 syst\u00e9m pomocou kexec: jednoducho re\u0161tartova\u0165 initrd s nov\u00fdm jadrom a nov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom v r\u00e1mci initrd.<\/p>\n

Vytvorenie Booty-\u0161pecifick\u00e9ho initrd obrazu:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Vytvorenie initrd obrazov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru s pridan\u00edm distrib\u00facie z adres\u00e1ra \u201egentoo\/\u201c:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014cpio \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Po \u010dom je tento initrd obraz \u00faplne pripraven\u00fd na spustenie, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom PXE alebo kexec.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledne Booty generuje obrazy so syst\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fd je uveden\u00fd ako \u201eoverlay\u201c. Napr\u00edklad, m\u00f4\u017eete nain\u0161talova\u0165 (rozbalit arch\u00edv) podmiene\u010dn\u00fd Gentoo do samostatn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ra, po \u010dom bude s vyu\u017eit\u00edm Booty vygenerovan\u00fd cpio-arch\u00edv alebo SquashFS obraz s t\u00fdmto syst\u00e9mom. Tie\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 v samostatnom adres\u00e1ri nastavi\u0165 distrib\u00faciu a do \u010fal\u0161ieho adres\u00e1ra skop\u00edrova\u0165 osobn\u00e9 nastavenia. V\u0161etky tieto \u201evrstvy\u201c bud\u00fa postupne na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 jedna na druh\u00fa a vytvor\u00ed sa jedine\u010dn\u00fd pracovn\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014overlay settings\/ \u2014overlay documents\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Nakoniec, Booty umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 zav\u00e1dzacie ISO obrazy a USB, HDD, SSD a \u010fal\u0161ie pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia, in\u0161taluj\u00fac vy\u0161\u0161ie pop\u00edsan\u00fd syst\u00e9m z obrazov. Booty<\/a><\/noindex> podporuje vytv\u00e1ranie zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov BIOS a UEFI. Podporovan\u00e9 s\u00fa zav\u00e1dza\u010de GRUB2 a SYSLINUX. Zav\u00e1dza\u010de m\u00f4\u017eete kombinova\u0165, napr\u00edklad na zav\u00e1dzanie v BIOS sa pou\u017eije SYSLINUX a pre UEFI \u2014 GRUB2. Na vytvorenie ISO-obrázkov budete navy\u0161e potrebova\u0165 bal\u00edk cdrkit (genisoimage), alebo xorriso (xorrisofs), pod\u013ea vlastn\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu.<\/p>\n

Jednou dodato\u010dnou akciou, ktor\u00fa budete potrebova\u0165, je vopred pripravi\u0165 jadro (vmlinuz) na zav\u00e1dzanie. Autor (Spoofing) odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017ei\u0165 \u201emake defconfig\u201c. Pred vytvoren\u00edm obrazu je potrebn\u00e9 pripravi\u0165 adres\u00e1r, do ktor\u00e9ho polo\u017e\u00edte jadro vmlinuz a vopred pripraven\u00fd \u201epr\u00e1zdny\u201c initrd, vytvoren\u00fd v prvom pr\u00edklade.<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n cp \/boot\/vmlinuz-* iso\/boot\/vmlinuz
\n cp initrd iso\/boot\/initrd<\/p>\n

Na tomto je pr\u00edprava dokon\u010den\u00e1, teraz m\u00f4\u017eeme vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 ISO obrazy z tejto adres\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edkaz vytvor\u00ed ISO obraz, ktor\u00fd nebude zav\u00e1dzac\u00ed, iba ISO:<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014output archive.iso<\/p>\n

Na vytvorenie zav\u00e1dzacieho obrazu je potrebn\u00e9 zada\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 \u201e\u2014legacy-boot\u201c pre BIOS a \u201e\u2014efi\u201c pre UEFI, pri\u010dom ako parametre tejto mo\u017enosti akceptuj\u00fa bu\u010f grub2, alebo syslinux, taktie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eete zada\u0165 iba jednu mo\u017enos\u0165 (napr\u00edklad, ak nepotrebujete podporu UEFI zav\u00e1dzania, nemus\u00edte ju uv\u00e1dza\u0165).<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014output boot-biosonly.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-bios-uefi.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-uefionly.iso<\/p>\n

A tak, ako boli predt\u00fdm zahrnut\u00e9 obrazy so syst\u00e9mom v initrd, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich zahrn\u00fa\u0165 do ISO.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output gentoo.iso<\/p>\n

Po tejto pr\u00edkaze sa vytvor\u00ed zav\u00e1dzac\u00ed BIOS\/UEFI ISO obraz, ktor\u00fd na\u010d\u00edta Gentoo zo SquashFS obrazu pomocou Overlay FS, pri\u010dom tmpfs sa pou\u017eije na uchov\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov. Jadro mus\u00ed by\u0165 zostaven\u00e9 s podporou Overlay FS a SquashFS. Av\u0161ak, ak to z nejak\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov nie je potrebn\u00e9, je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 vo\u013ebu «—cpio» namiesto —squashfs, na zabalenie gentoo\/ ako cpio arch\u00edvu, v takom pr\u00edpade bude arch\u00edv rozbalen\u00fd priamo do tmpfs pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed, hlavne, aby bola dostato\u010dn\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 na rozbalenie syst\u00e9mu do tmpfs.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt: ak je ISO obraz vytvoren\u00fd s pou\u017eit\u00edm vo\u013eby «—efi» rozbalen\u00fd na FAT32 USB k\u013e\u00fa\u010d prostredn\u00edctvom jednoduch\u00e9ho kop\u00edrovania s\u00faborov (cp -r), potom sa Flash pam\u00e4\u0165 bude zav\u00e1dza\u0165 v UEFI re\u017eime bez akejko\u013evek predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pr\u00edpravy, v\u010faka \u0161pecifik\u00e1m UEFI zav\u00e1dza\u010dov.<\/p>\n

Okrem zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch ISO s t\u00fdmi ist\u00fdmi parametrami m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vytvoren\u00fd ak\u00fdko\u013evek zav\u00e1dzac\u00ed m\u00e9dium: USB, HDD, SSD a podobne, pri\u010dom toto m\u00e9dium m\u00f4\u017ee na\u010falej sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Na tento \u00fa\u010del je potrebn\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 napr\u00edklad USB zariadenie a vykona\u0165 spustenie mkbootisofs na \u0148om. Sta\u010d\u00ed prida\u0165 jednu vo\u013ebu «—bootable», aby m\u00e9dium, na ktorom sa nach\u00e1dza uveden\u00fd adres\u00e1r, sa stalo zav\u00e1dzate\u013en\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt
\nmkbootisofs \/mnt —overlay gentoo\/ —squashfs —legacy-boot grub2 —efi grub2 —bootable<\/p>\n

Po tom sa USB zariadenie stane zav\u00e1dzac\u00edm s overlayom gentoo\/ (je potrebn\u00e9 nezabudn\u00fa\u0165 skop\u00edrova\u0165 s\u00fabory \/boot\/vmlinuz a \/boot\/initrd na zariadenie). <\/p>\n

Ak z nejak\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov nebolo m\u00e9dium pripojen\u00e9 do \/mnt, a stane sa tak, \u017ee \/mnt je na hlavnom zariaden\u00ed \/dev\/sda, potom zav\u00e1dza\u010d bude prep\u00edsan\u00fd na \/dev\/sda. Je potrebn\u00e9 by\u0165 opatrn\u00fd pri uveden\u00ed vo\u013eby —bootable.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das zav\u00e1dzania Booty podporuje rad mo\u017enost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 zada\u0165 v bootloaderi, grub.cfg alebo syslinux.cfg. Predvolene sa bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek mo\u017enost\u00ed vykon\u00e1va zav\u00e1dzanie a rozba\u013eovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch overlayov do tmpfs (predvolen\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 ooty.use-shmfs). Na pou\u017e\u00edvanie Overlay FS by mala by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 booty.use-overlayfs. Mo\u017enos\u0165 booty.copy-to-ram predt\u00fdm skop\u00edruje overlaye do tmpfs, po \u010dom ich iba pripoj\u00ed a na\u010d\u00edta. Po skop\u00edrovan\u00ed USB zariadenie (alebo in\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko) m\u00f4\u017eete vytiahnu\u0165.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 n\u00e1stroj na vytv\u00e1ranie zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch obrazov a \u00falo\u017eisk | ProHoster","description":"Predstaven\u00fd je program Booty, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje jedn\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 zav\u00e1dzacie obrazy initrd, s\u00fabory ISO alebo \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-07-25T17:42:21+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-07-25T17:42:21+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"89721","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:09:14","updated":"2022-09-27 16:18:37","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89721\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}