{"id":91188,"date":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni"},"modified":"2020-08-09T13:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-09T11:42:21","slug":"kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kitaj-nachal-blokirovat-https-soedineniya-ustanavlivaemye-s-tls-1-3-i-esni","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna za\u010dala blokova\u0165 HTTPS pripojenia, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa TLS 1.3 a ESNI","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010c\u00edna zaviedla<\/a><\/noindex> Roskomnadzoru.<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0161etky HTTPS pripojenia, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa protokol TLS 1.3 a roz\u0161\u00edrenie TLS ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication), ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duje \u0161ifrovanie \u00fadajov o po\u017eadovanom hostite\u013eovi. Blokovanie prebieha na tranzitn\u00fdch smerova\u010doch ako pre pripojenia z \u010c\u00edny do vonkaj\u0161ieho sveta, tak aj z vonkaj\u0161ieho sveta do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Na blokovanie sa vykon\u00e1va odmietanie paketov od klienta k serveru, a nie zasielanie paketov s prapore RST, ktor\u00e9 sa predt\u00fdm vykon\u00e1valo pri selekt\u00edvnom blokovan\u00ed na z\u00e1klade obsahu SNI. Po spusten\u00ed blokovania paketu s ESNI s\u00fa tie\u017e na 120 a\u017e 180 sek\u00fand zablokovan\u00e9 v\u0161etky sie\u0165ov\u00e9 pakety, ktor\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00fa spojeniu z po\u010diato\u010dnej IP, cie\u013eovej IP a cie\u013eov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla portu. HTTPS pripojenia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na star\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch TLS a TLS 1.3 bez ESNI s\u00fa prepu\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 ako obvykle. <\/p>\n

Pripome\u0148me, \u017ee pre organiz\u00e1ciu pr\u00e1ce viacer\u00fdch HTTPS str\u00e1nok na jednej IP adrese bolo vyvinut\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie SNI, ktor\u00e9 pren\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1zov hostite\u013ea v otvorenej podobe v spr\u00e1ve ClientHello, zasielanej pred vytvoren\u00edm \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la. T\u00e1to vlastnos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje poskytovate\u013eovi internetu selekt\u00edvne filtrova\u0165 HTTPS prev\u00e1dzku a analyzova\u0165, ak\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e nav\u0161tevuje, \u010do neumo\u017e\u0148uje dosiahnu\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa d\u00f4vernos\u0165 pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed HTTPS.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 TLS roz\u0161\u00edrenie ECH (predt\u00fdm ESNI), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 spolo\u010dne s TLS 1.3, odstra\u0148uje tento nedostatok a \u00faplne vylu\u010duje \u00fanik inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o po\u017eadovanej str\u00e1nke pri anal\u00fdze HTTPS pripojen\u00ed. V kombin\u00e1cii s vyu\u017eit\u00edm cez sie\u0165 na doru\u010dovanie obsahu uplatnenie ECH\/ESNI tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje skry\u0165 pred poskytovate\u013eom aj IP adresu po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho zdroja. Syst\u00e9my na kontrolu prev\u00e1dzky uvidia iba po\u017eiadavky na CDN a nebud\u00fa schopn\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 blokovanie bez zmeny TLS rel\u00e1cie, pri ktorej sa v prehliada\u010di pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea zobraz\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 upozornenie o zmene certifik\u00e1tu. Mo\u017en\u00fdm kan\u00e1lom \u00faniku zost\u00e1va DNS, ale na skrytie dotazu na DNS m\u00f4\u017ee klient pou\u017ei\u0165 DNS-over-HTTPS alebo DNS-over-TLS.<\/p>\n

Vedci u\u017e odhalili<\/a><\/noindex> Existuje nieko\u013eko obch\u00e1dzac\u00edch met\u00f3d na ob\u00eddenie \u010d\u00ednskej blok\u00e1cie na strane klienta a servera, ale m\u00f4\u017eu strati\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnos\u0165 a mali by sa pova\u017eova\u0165 iba za do\u010dasn\u00e9 opatrenie. Napr\u00edklad, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa blokovan\u00e9 iba pakety s identifik\u00e1torom roz\u0161\u00edrenia ESNI 0xffce (encrypted_server_name), ktor\u00fd bol pou\u017eit\u00fd v piatej verzii konceptu \u0161tandardu<\/a><\/noindex>, ale zatia\u013e prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pakety s aktu\u00e1lnym identifik\u00e1torom 0xff02 (encrypted_client_hello), navrhnut\u00fdm v siedmych konceptoch \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie ECH<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Inou mo\u017enos\u0165ou obch\u00e1dzania je pou\u017eitie \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e procesu vyjedn\u00e1vania pripojenia, napr\u00edklad blok\u00e1cia nefunguje pri predbe\u017enom odoslan\u00ed dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho SYN-paketu s nespr\u00e1vnym poradov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom, manipul\u00e1ciami s flagmi fragment\u00e1cie paketov, odoslan\u00ed paketu s naraz nastaven\u00fdmi flagmi FIN a SYN, nahraden\u00ed RST-paketu s neplatnou kontrolnou s\u00fa\u010dtom alebo odoslan\u00ed paketu s flagmi SYN a ACK pred za\u010diatkom vyjedn\u00e1vania pripojenia. Op\u00edsan\u00e9 met\u00f3dy u\u017e boli implementovan\u00e9 vo forme pluginu pre n\u00e1stroje \u017deneva<\/a><\/noindex>, rozv\u00edjan\u00e9ho<\/a><\/noindex> na ob\u00eddenie cenzorsk\u00fdch met\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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