{"id":91731,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","slug":"nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"Nie\u010do o SMART a n\u00e1strojoch na monitorovanie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na internete je mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o SMART a hodnot\u00e1ch atrib\u00fatov. Ale nestretol som sa s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi aspektmi, o ktor\u00fdch viem od \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa zaoberaj\u00fa v\u00fdskumom \u00fastorage.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f som znova rozpr\u00e1val zn\u00e1memu o tom, pre\u010do by sme nemali bezpodmiene\u010dne d\u00f4verova\u0165 \u00fadajom SMART a pre\u010do je lep\u0161ie nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 klasick\u00e9 \u201emonitoringy SMART\u201c neust\u00e1le, napadlo ma zap\u00edsa\u0165 povedan\u00e9 slov\u00e1 ako s\u00fabor bodov s vysvetlen\u00edm. Aby som mohol uv\u00e1dza\u0165 odkazy, namiesto toho, aby som ich zaka\u017ed\u00fdm rozpr\u00e1val. A na oboznamovanie \u0161irokej verejnosti.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1) Programy na automatick\u00e9 monitorovanie atrib\u00fatov SMART by sa mali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 s ve\u013ekou opatrnos\u0165ou.<\/b><\/p>\n

To, \u010do pozn\u00e1te ako atrib\u00faty SMART, nie je ulo\u017een\u00e9 v hotovej forme, ale generuje sa v okamihu, ke\u010f ich po\u017eadujete. Vypo\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa sa na z\u00e1klade vn\u00fatornej \u0161tatistiky, ktor\u00e1 sa zhroma\u017e\u010fuje a pou\u017e\u00edva mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010dom \u00falo\u017eiska po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky. <\/p>\n

\u010cas\u0165 t\u00fdchto \u00fadajov nie je zariadeniu potrebn\u00e1 na zabezpe\u010denie z\u00e1kladnej funk\u010dnosti. A nie je ulo\u017een\u00e1, ale vytv\u00e1ra sa zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f je to potrebn\u00e9. Preto, ke\u010f d\u00f4jde k po\u017eiadavke na atrib\u00faty SMART, mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo procesov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na z\u00edskanie ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich \u00fadajov. <\/p>\n

Ale tieto procesy nie s\u00fa dobre kompatibiln\u00e9 s postupmi vykon\u00e1van\u00fdmi pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed \u00falo\u017eiska oper\u00e1ciami \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu.<\/p>\n

V ide\u00e1lnom svete by to nemalo sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 \u017eiadne probl\u00e9my. Ale v skuto\u010dnosti p\u00ed\u0161u firmv\u00e9r pevn\u00fdch diskov oby\u010dajn\u00ed \u013eudia. Ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu robi\u0165 chyby a robia. Preto, ak \u017eiadate o atrib\u00faty SMART po\u010das akt\u00edvneho vykon\u00e1vania oper\u00e1ci\u00ed \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu zariaden\u00edm, dramaticky sa zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa nie\u010do pokaz\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 po\u0161koden\u00e9 d\u00e1ta v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskej \u010d\u00edtacej alebo zapisovacej pam\u00e4ti.<\/p>\n

Tvrdenie o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rizika nie je teoretick\u00e1 \u00favaha, ale praktick\u00e1 pozorovanie. Napr\u00edklad, zn\u00e1ma chyba, ktor\u00e1 sa vyskytla vo firmv\u00e9ri HDD Samsung 103UI, kde sa po\u010das vykon\u00e1vania po\u017eiadavky na atrib\u00faty SMART po\u0161kodili pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 d\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n

Preto, nenastavujte automatick\u00fa kontrolu atrib\u00fatov SMART. Iba ak presne neviete, \u017ee predt\u00fdm je odoslan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz na vymazanie cache (Flush Cache). Alebo ak sa tomu ned\u00e1 vyhn\u00fa\u0165, nastavte vykon\u00e1vanie kontroly \u010do najried\u0161ie. V mnoh\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch programoch je predvolen\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdobie medzi kontrolami pribli\u017ene 10 min\u00fat. To je pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto. Tak\u00e9to kontroly nie s\u00fa z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm proti neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9mu zlyhaniu disku (z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm je len z\u00e1lohovanie). Raz za de\u0148 pova\u017eujem za \u00faplne dostato\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u017diados\u0165 o teplotu pri spusten\u00ed procesov v\u00fdpo\u010dtu atrib\u00fatov sa neuskuto\u010d\u0148uje a m\u00f4\u017ee sa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u010dasto. Preto\u017ee pri spr\u00e1vnej implement\u00e1cii sa to vykon\u00e1va cez protokol SCT. Cez SCT sa posiela len to, \u010do je u\u017e zn\u00e1me. Tieto \u00fadaje sa aktualizuj\u00fa automaticky na pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2) \u00dadaje atrib\u00fatov SMART s\u00fa \u010dasto nepresn\u00e9.<\/b><\/p>\n

Mikroprogram pevn\u00e9ho disku v\u00e1m ukazuje to, \u010do pova\u017euje za potrebn\u00e9 uk\u00e1za\u0165, a nie to, \u010do sa v skuto\u010dnosti deje. Najzjavnej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom je 5. atrib\u00fat, mno\u017estvo premenovan\u00fdch sektorov. Odborn\u00edkom na obnovu \u00fadajov je dobre zn\u00e1me, \u017ee pevn\u00fd disk m\u00f4\u017ee v piatom atrib\u00fate ukazova\u0165 nulov\u00fd po\u010det realokovan\u00fdch sektorov, aj ke\u010f sa objavuj\u00fa a pokra\u010duj\u00fa v objavovan\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Sp\u00fdtal som sa \u0161pecialistu, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 pevn\u00fdmi diskami a sk\u00fama ich mikroprogramy. Zauj\u00edmal som sa, ak\u00fd je princ\u00edp, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho firmware zariadenia rozhoduje, \u017ee teraz treba skry\u0165 fakt realok\u00e1cie sektorov, a kedy to mo\u017eno uvies\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom atrib\u00fatov SMART.<\/p>\n

Odpovedal, \u017ee neexistuje \u017eiadne v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pravidlo, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho zariadenia ukazuj\u00fa alebo skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fd obraz. A logika program\u00e1torov, ktor\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161u firmv\u00e9r pevn\u00fdch diskov, sa niekedy zd\u00e1 ve\u013emi zvl\u00e1\u0161tna. Pri sk\u00faman\u00ed firmv\u00e9rov r\u00f4znych modelov videl, \u017ee rozhodnutie \u201eskry\u0165 alebo uk\u00e1za\u0165\u201c sa \u010dasto prij\u00edma na z\u00e1klade s\u00faboru parametrov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u00faplne nejasn\u00e9, ako s\u00favisia navz\u00e1jom a s zost\u00e1vaj\u00facim zdrojom pevn\u00e9ho disku.<\/p>\n

3) Interpret\u00e1cia ukazovate\u013eov SMART je \u0161pecifick\u00e1 pre dod\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/b><\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad, na Siegetoch by ste nemali venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 \"zl\u00fdm\" raw hodnot\u00e1m atrib\u00fatov 1 a 7, pokia\u013e s\u00fa ostatn\u00e9 v poriadku. Na diskoch tohto v\u00fdrobcu m\u00f4\u017eu ich absol\u00fatne hodnoty vzrasta\u0165 po\u010das norm\u00e1lnej prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n

\"Nie\u010do
\n
\nPri hodnoten\u00ed stavu a zostatkov\u00e9ho zdroja pevn\u00e9ho disku je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 zamera\u0165 sa na parametre 5, 196, 197, 198. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je pritom orientova\u0165 sa na absol\u00fatne, surov\u00e9 hodnoty (raw), a nie na preveden\u00e9. Prevedenie atrib\u00fatov m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 nejasn\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v r\u00f4znych algoritmoch a firmv\u00e9roch. <\/p>\n

Vo v\u0161eobecnosti, v prostred\u00ed odborn\u00edkov na nosi\u010de inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ke\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o hodnote atrib\u00fatu, obvykle sa mysl\u00ed pr\u00e1ve na absol\u00fatnu hodnotu.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e SMART \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 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\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trochu o SMART a n\u00e1strojoch na monitorovanie | ProHoster","description":"V sieti je dostatok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o SMART a hodnot\u00e1ch 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