{"id":92490,"date":"2020-08-27T19:42:37","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T17:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/30-iz-tysyachi-krupnejshih-sajtov-ispolzuyut-skripty-dlya-skrytoj-identifikaczii"},"modified":"2020-08-27T19:42:37","modified_gmt":"2020-08-27T17:42:37","slug":"30-iz-tysyachi-krupnejshih-sajtov-ispolzuyut-skripty-dlya-skrytoj-identifikaczii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/30-iz-tysyachi-krupnejshih-sajtov-ispolzuyut-skripty-dlya-skrytoj-identifikaczii","title":{"rendered":"30% z tis\u00edc najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nok pou\u017e\u00edva skripty na skryt\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z Mozilly, Iowa State University a Kalifornskej univerzity publikovala<\/a><\/noindex> zhrnula \u0161t\u00fadiu pou\u017eitia k\u00f3du na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach na skryt\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Skryt\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia sa t\u00fdka generovania identifik\u00e1torov na z\u00e1klade nepriamych \u00fadajov o \u010dinnosti prehliada\u010da, ako s\u00fa rozl\u00ed\u0161enie obrazovky<\/a><\/noindex>, zoznam podporovan\u00fdch MIME typov, \u0161pecifick\u00e9 parametre v hlavi\u010dk\u00e1ch (HTTP\/2<\/a><\/noindex> a HTTPS<\/a><\/noindex>), anal\u00fdza nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch pluginov a p\u00edsiem<\/a><\/noindex>, dostupnos\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fdch Web API, \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pre grafick\u00e9 karty , taktie\u017e nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v jazyku Rust. Tokio umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie na b\u00e1ze eventovo orientovanej architekt\u00fary (Event-driven), podporuj\u00face multithreading a spracovanie sie\u0165ov\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek v asynchr\u00f3nnom re\u017eime.<\/a><\/noindex> renderovanie pomocou WebGL a Canvas<\/a><\/noindex>, manipul\u00e1cie<\/a><\/noindex> s CSS, rezervovanie predvolen\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t<\/a><\/noindex>, skenovanie<\/a><\/noindex> sie\u0165ov\u00fdch portov, anal\u00fdza aspektov \u010dinnosti s my\u0161ou<\/a><\/noindex> a kl\u00e1vesnicou<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia 100 000 najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok pod\u013ea rebr\u00ed\u010dka Alexa uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee na 9040 z nich (10,18 %) sa pou\u017e\u00edva k\u00f3d na skryt\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov. Z toho, ak sa zoh\u013eadn\u00ed tis\u00edc najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nok, bol tak\u00fdto k\u00f3d zisten\u00fd v 30,60 % pr\u00edpadoch (266 str\u00e1nok), a medzi str\u00e1nkami, ktor\u00e9 zaberaj\u00fa miesta v rebr\u00ed\u010dku od tis\u00edce po desiatky tis\u00edc, v 24,45 % pr\u00edpadoch (2010 str\u00e1nok). Skryt\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edva v skriptoch, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa vonkaj\u0161ie slu\u017eby na boj proti podvodom<\/a><\/noindex> a filtrovanie botov, ako aj reklamn\u00fdmi sie\u0165ami a syst\u00e9mami sledovania pohybu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.
\n

\"30%<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Na identifik\u00e1ciu k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fd vykon\u00e1va skryt\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu, bol vyvinut\u00fd n\u00e1stroj FP-Inspector<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9ho k\u00f3d je navrhnut\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> je pod licenciou MIT. N\u00e1stroj vyu\u017e\u00edva met\u00f3dy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia v kombin\u00e1cii so statickou a dynamickou anal\u00fdzou k\u00f3du JavaScript. Tvrd\u00ed sa, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia umo\u017enilo v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 presnos\u0165 identifik\u00e1cie k\u00f3du pre skryt\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu a odhali\u0165 o 26 % viac probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch skriptov
\nv porovnan\u00ed s ru\u010dne zadanou heuristikou. <\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 z identifikovan\u00fdch skriptov neboli zahrnut\u00e9 v \u0161tandardn\u00fdch blokovac\u00edch zoznamoch Disconnect<\/a><\/noindex>, Adsafe<\/a><\/noindex>, DuckDuckGo, Justuno<\/a><\/noindex> a EasyPrivacy<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nPo odoslan\u00ed ozn\u00e1menia<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi blokovacieho zoznamu EasyPrivacy bol bol vytvoren\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> vytvoren\u00fd samostatn\u00fd oddiel pre skripty skrytej identifik\u00e1cie. Okrem toho FP-Inspector umo\u017enil odhali\u0165 niektor\u00e9 nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby vyu\u017eitia Web API na identifik\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e9 sa predt\u00fdm nikdy nevyskytli v praxi.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad sa zistilo, \u017ee na identifik\u00e1ciu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o rozlo\u017een\u00ed kl\u00e1vesnice (getLayoutMap), zvy\u0161kov\u00fdch \u00fadajov v cache (pomocou API Performance sa analyzuj\u00fa oneskorenia pri odovzd\u00e1van\u00ed \u00fadajov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e pristupoval k ur\u010ditej dom\u00e9ne alebo nie, a \u010di bola str\u00e1nka predt\u00fdm otvoren\u00e1), udelen\u00fdch opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed v prehliada\u010di (inform\u00e1cie o pr\u00edstupe k Notification, Geolocation a Camera API), pr\u00edtomnosti \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch perif\u00e9rnych zariaden\u00ed a zriedkav\u00fdch senzorov (hern\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de, headsety virtu\u00e1lnej reality, senzory bl\u00edzkosti). Okrem toho sa zaznamenali aj \u00favahy pri identifik\u00e1cii pr\u00edtomnosti \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch API pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 prehliada\u010de a rozdiely v spr\u00e1van\u00ed API (AudioWorklet, setTimeout, mozRTCSessionDescription), ako aj pou\u017eitie API AudioContext na ur\u010denie vlastnost\u00ed zvukov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Po\u010das \u0161t\u00fadie sa taktie\u017e sk\u00famal probl\u00e9m naru\u0161enia \u0161tandardnej funk\u010dnosti webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok v pr\u00edpade aplik\u00e1cie met\u00f3d ochrany pred skrytou identifik\u00e1ciou, \u010do vedie k blokovaniu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek alebo obmedzeniu pr\u00edstupu k API. Bolo preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee selekt\u00edvne obmedzenie API iba pre skripty zisten\u00e9 FP-Inspector vedie k men\u0161\u00edm naru\u0161eniam v prev\u00e1dzke ako pri pou\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edch celkov\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed volania API v prehliada\u010doch Brave a Tor, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu potenci\u00e1lne vies\u0165 k \u00faniku \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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