{"id":93097,"date":"2020-09-03T01:42:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T23:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola"},"modified":"2020-09-03T01:42:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-02T23:42:36","slug":"kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 t\u00fdm, ako funguje grafika v Linuxe a z ak\u00fdch komponentov sa sklad\u00e1. Obsahuje mno\u017estvo sn\u00edmok obrazovky s r\u00f4znymi realiz\u00e1ciami pracovn\u00fdch prostred\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ak si nie ste \u00faplne ist\u00ed rozdielmi medzi KDE a GNOME alebo ich pozn\u00e1te, ale chceli by ste sa dozvedie\u0165 o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch alternat\u00edvach, potom je tento \u010dl\u00e1nok pre v\u00e1s. Je to preh\u013eadn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok, a aj ke\u010f obsahuje ve\u013ea n\u00e1zvov a nieko\u013eko term\u00ednov, materi\u00e1l bude tie\u017e u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov a t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa len pozeraj\u00fa na Linux.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9ma m\u00f4\u017ee zauj\u00edma\u0165 aj pokro\u010dil\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pri nastavovan\u00ed vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu a pri implement\u00e1cii tenk\u00e9ho klienta. \u010casto stret\u00e1vam skuto\u010dn\u00fdch Linux\u00e1kov, ktor\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee \u201ena serveri je len pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok a grafiku podrobnej\u0161ie sk\u00fama\u0165 nepl\u00e1nujem, preto\u017ee to v\u0161etko potrebuj\u00fa len jednoduch\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia\u201c. Ale aj znalci Linuxu s ve\u013ek\u00fdm prekvapen\u00edm a rados\u0165ou objavuj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 \u201e-X\u201c v pr\u00edkaze ssh (na to je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 rozumie\u0165 pr\u00e1ci a funkci\u00e1m X-servera).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/9aee6ddc1d2e56b7dc2699104b2c7c5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.freepik.com\/premium-photo\/empty-working-table-in-room-with-window_5478457.htm\"><i>Zdroj<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nU\u010d\u00edm na kurzoch Linuxu u\u017e skoro 15 rokov v \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/academy.ru\/\">Sietovej Akad\u00e9mii LANIT<\/a><\/noindex>A som presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee mnoho z t\u00fdch viac ako p\u00e4\u0165tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch som vy\u0161kolil, \u010d\u00edta a ur\u010dite p\u00ed\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky na Habr. Kurzy s\u00fa v\u017edy ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvne (priemern\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka kurzu je p\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed), je potrebn\u00e9 predstavi\u0165 t\u00e9my, na d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 zozn\u00e1menie s ktor\u00fdmi je potrebn\u00e9 minim\u00e1lne desa\u0165 dn\u00ed. A po\u010das kurzu v z\u00e1vislosti od publika (\u010di s\u00fa to za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edci alebo sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00ed administr\u00e1tori), ako aj od \u201eot\u00e1zok z publika\u201c, rob\u00edm rozhodnutia, \u010do podrobnej\u0161ie vysvetli\u0165 a \u010do - len povrchne, aby som mohol venova\u0165 viac \u010dasu n\u00e1strojom pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku a ich praktick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eitiu. Tak\u00fdchto t\u00e9m, ktor\u00fdmi mus\u00edm trochu obetova\u0165, je dos\u0165. S\u00fa to \u201eHist\u00f3ria Linuxu\u201c, \u201eRozdiely v distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch Linuxu\u201c, \u201eO licenci\u00e1ch: GPL, BSD, ...\u201c, \u201eO grafike a prostrediach pracovn\u00fdch stolov\u201c (t\u00e9ma tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku) a in\u00e9. Nie je to tak, \u017ee by neboli d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, ale zvy\u010dajne existuje mno\u017estvo aktu\u00e1lnych \u201etu a teraz\u201c ot\u00e1zok a iba p\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed... Av\u0161ak pre celkov\u00e9 pochopenie z\u00e1kladov opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Linux, porozumenie dostupn\u00e9mu rozmanitosti (aby aj pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed jedn\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tneho distrib\u00facie Linuxu, sme mali \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead na cel\u00fd tento obrovsk\u00fd a bezhrani\u010dn\u00fd svet, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdva \u201eLinux\u201c) je \u0161t\u00fadium t\u00fdchto t\u00e9m u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a potrebn\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V priebehu \u010dl\u00e1nku uv\u00e1dzam odkazy na ka\u017ed\u00fd komponent, pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed chc\u00fa \u00eds\u0165 hlb\u0161ie do t\u00e9my, napr\u00edklad na \u010dl\u00e1nky na Wikip\u00e9dii (pri\u010dom uv\u00e1dzam na \u00faplnej\u0161iu\/u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161iu verziu, ak existuj\u00fa anglick\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky).<\/p>\n<p>Pre hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00edklady a screenshoty som pou\u017eil distrib\u00faciu openSUSE. Mohol som pou\u017ei\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek in\u00fa distrib\u00faciu vyvinut\u00fa komunitou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo bal\u00ed\u010dkov v repozit\u00e1ri. Je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, ale mo\u017en\u00e9 demon\u0161trova\u0165 r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 dizajnu pracovnej plochy na komer\u010dnej distrib\u00facii, preto\u017ee \u010dasto sa tam pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba jedno alebo dve najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie prostredia pracovnej plochy. Takto si v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri z\u00fa\u017eia \u00falohu vydania stabiln\u00e9ho doladen\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Na t\u00fato s\u00fastavu som nain\u0161taloval v\u0161etky DM\/DE\/WM (vysvetlenie t\u00fdchto term\u00ednov ni\u017e\u0161ie), ktor\u00e9 som na\u0161iel v repozit\u00e1ri.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Screenshoty so \"modr\u00fdmi r\u00e1mami\" s\u00fa uroben\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve na openSUSE.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Screenshoty s \"bielymi r\u00e1mami\" som robil na in\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch, tie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 na screenshotoch.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Screenshoty so \"\u0161ed\u00fdmi r\u00e1mami\" boli prevzat\u00e9 z internetu, ako pr\u00edklady dizajnov pracovnej plochy z minul\u00fdch rokov.<\/p>\n<p>Tak za\u010dnime.<\/p>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00e9 komponenty, z ktor\u00fdch sa sklad\u00e1 grafika<\/h2>\n<p>\nVyberiem tri hlavn\u00e9 komponenty a vymenujem ich v porad\u00ed, v ktorom sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa pri \u0161tarte syst\u00e9mu:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>DM (Display Manager);<\/li>\n<li>Display Server;<\/li>\n<li>DE (Desktop Environment).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nNavy\u0161e ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pod\u010dasti Desktop Environment:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apps Manager\/Launcher\/Switcher (tla\u010didlo \u201e\u0160tart\u201c);\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>WM (Window Manager);<\/li>\n<li>r\u00f4zne softv\u00e9ry, dod\u00e1van\u00e9 spolu so z\u00e1kazn\u00edckym prostred\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPodrobnej\u0161ie k jednotliv\u00fdm bodom.<\/p>\n<h3>DM (Display Manager)<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrv\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a pri \u0161tarte \u201egrafiky\u201c, je DM (Display Manager), displejov\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r. Jeho hlavn\u00e9 \u00falohy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>op\u00fdta\u0165 sa, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pusti\u0165 do syst\u00e9mu, po\u017eadova\u0165 autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje (heslo, odtla\u010dok prsta);<\/li>\n<li>vybra\u0165, ktor\u00e9 prostredie pracovnej plochy spusti\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa v r\u00f4znych distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager\">SDDM<\/a><\/noindex> (nahradil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Display_Manager\">KDM<\/a><\/noindex>),<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME_Display_Manager\">GDM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LightDM\">LightDM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XDM\">XDM<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>Tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 Fly-DM (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v AstraLinux).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZoznam existuj\u00facich DM sa vedie v aktu\u00e1lnom stave v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_display_manager\">Wiki-\u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/204956890c2073f8e78affd6f8a436f5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/78be3e46c5f19e94ead51d28342a88cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/8289defcc50aefe22335f246bf087d40.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e015108e5fe4cd8726d85cbc35485b7b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nJe potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee na nasleduj\u00facich sn\u00edmkach obrazovky sa pou\u017e\u00edva rovnak\u00fd spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fd program LightDM, ale v r\u00f4znych distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch (n\u00e1zvy distrib\u00faci\u00ed s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch). Zhodno\u0165te, ako r\u00f4zne m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165 tento DM v\u010faka pr\u00e1ci dizajn\u00e9rov r\u00f4znych distrib\u00faci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e5f027663ede346b0a8672145b270a9c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/c38028561921938a26854c09b2df9962.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/bcd3fb8587073ea4cc13d3a3e8d288e0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/78ecb10881fe774621884bcce9eccaf9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/28748bef94fe0ff0f6c5e9decf2f8671.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nHlavn\u00e9 v tejto rozmanitosti je, aby bolo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee existuje aplik\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 zodpoved\u00e1 za spustenie grafiky a pr\u00edstup pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea k tejto grafike, a existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne realiz\u00e1cie tejto aplik\u00e1cie, l\u00ed\u0161iace sa vzh\u013eadom a trochu funkciami (v\u00fdber prostredia, v\u00fdber pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, verzia pre slabozrak\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, mo\u017enos\u0165 vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu cez protokol <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XDMCP\">XDMCP<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<h3>Display Server<\/h3>\n<p>\nDisplay Server je ak\u00fdsi z\u00e1klad grafiky, ktor\u00e9ho hlavnou \u00falohou je pracova\u0165 s grafickou kartou, monitorom a r\u00f4znymi vstupn\u00fdmi zariadeniami (kl\u00e1vesnica, my\u0161, touchpady). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aplik\u00e1cii (napr\u00edklad prehliada\u010d alebo textov\u00fd editor), ktor\u00e1 sa zobrazuje v \u201egrafike\u201c, nie je potrebn\u00e9 vedie\u0165, ako priamo pracova\u0165 so zariadeniami, ani vedie\u0165 o ovl\u00e1da\u010doch. To v\u0161etko preber\u00e1 na seba X Window.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o Display Server, mnoho rokov sa v Linuxe, a aj v Unixe, myslelo aplik\u00e1cie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_Window_System\">X Window System<\/a><\/noindex> alebo v hovorovej re\u010di X (Iksy).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v mnoh\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa X <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayland\">Wayland<\/a><\/noindex>.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayland\">\u00a0<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eete si tie\u017e pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_Window_System_protocols_and_architecture\">v\u0161eobecn\u00fd popis architekt\u00fary X&#8217;ov<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xephyr\">spustenie X&#8217;ov v X&#8217;ach<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xming\">X&#8217;y pod opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom Windows<\/a><\/noindex> (s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na vzdialen\u00e9 spustenie grafick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, napr\u00edklad pomocou PuTTY).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa\u010dneme tak, \u017ee spust\u00edme X&#8217;y a nieko\u013eko grafick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v nich.<\/p>\n<h2>Praktikum \u201esp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame X a aplik\u00e1cie v \u0148om\u201c<\/h2>\n<p>\nV\u0161etko budem vykon\u00e1va\u0165 od pr\u00e1ve vytvoren\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea webinaruser (jednoduch\u0161ie, ale nie bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie by bolo v\u0161etko vykona\u0165 od root&#8217;a).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ke\u010f\u017ee X&#8217;am je potrebn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k zariadeniam, d\u00e1vam pr\u00edstup: <i>Zoznam zariaden\u00ed som ur\u010dil poh\u013eadom na chyby pri spusten\u00ed X&#8217;ov v logu (\/home\/webinaruser\/.local\/share\/xorg\/Xorg.77.log)<\/i>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<code>% sudo setfacl -m u:webinaruser:rw \\\/dev\\\/tty8 \\\/dev\\\/dri\\\/card0 \\\/dev\\\/fb0 \\\/dev\\\/input\\\/*<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Potom sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165am X&#8217;y:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<code>% X -retro :77 vt8 &amp;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p><i>Mo\u017enosti: * -retro \u2014 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa s \u201e\u0161ed\u00fdm\u201c klasick\u00fdm pozad\u00edm, a nie \u010diernym ako je predvolen\u00e9; * :77 \u2014 ur\u010dujem (m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek v rozumnom rozsahu, len :0 je u\u017e pravdepodobne obsaden\u00e9 pod u\u017e spusten\u00fa grafiku) \u010d\u00edslo obrazovky, faktick\u00fd nejak\u00fd jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho sa daj\u00fa rozli\u0161ova\u0165 viac spusten\u00e9 X&#8217;y; * vt8 \u2014 ozna\u010duje termin\u00e1l, tu \/dev\/tty8, na ktorom bud\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 X&#8217;y).<\/i>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame grafick\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa to predt\u00fdm nastav\u00edme premenn\u00fa, pod\u013ea ktorej aplik\u00e1cia pochop\u00ed, do ktor\u00fdch z mojich spusten\u00fdch X&#8217;ov m\u00e1 posiela\u0165 to, \u010do je potrebn\u00e9 nakresli\u0165:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code> % export DISPLAY=\" :77\"\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zoznam spusten\u00fdch X'ov je mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazi\u0165 takto:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code> ps -fwwC X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Po nastaven\u00ed premennej m\u00f4\u017eeme sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie na na\u0161ich X'och \u2014 napr\u00edklad, sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165am hodiny:<\/p>\n<p><code> % xclock -update 1 &amp;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>% xcalc &amp;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>% xeyes -g 200x150-300+50 &amp;<\/code><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1c4d663a9b6ae0f8f399e7bcf23e0153.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nHlavn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a zhrnutia z tohto \u00faryvku:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X'om je potrebn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k zariadeniam: termin\u00e1lu, grafickej karte, vstupn\u00fdm zariadeniam,<\/li>\n<li>Samotn\u00e9 X'y nezobrazuj\u00fa \u017eiadne prvky rozhrania \u2014 je to siv\u00e9 (ak s vo\u013ebou \u201e\u2014retro\u201d) alebo \u010dierne pl\u00e1tno ur\u010dit\u00fdch rozmerov (napr\u00edklad 1920\u00d71080 alebo 1024\u00d7768) ur\u010den\u00e9 na sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie grafick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pod\u013ea pohybu \u201ekr\u00ed\u017eika\u201d je vidie\u0165, \u017ee X'y sleduj\u00fa polohy my\u0161i a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa tieto inform\u00e1cie spusten\u00fdm aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>X'y tie\u017e zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa stla\u010denia kl\u00e1ves na kl\u00e1vesnici a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa tieto inform\u00e1cie aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>Premenn\u00e1 DISPLAY ur\u010duje grafick\u00fdm aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m, na ktorom displeji (ka\u017ed\u00e9 X'y sa pri spusten\u00ed sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa s unik\u00e1tnym \u010d\u00edslom displeja) sa maj\u00fa vykres\u013eova\u0165 X'y, a teda aj v ktor\u00fdch z spusten\u00fdch na mojej ma\u0161ine. (Existuje tie\u017e mo\u017enos\u0165 v tejto premennej uvies\u0165 vzdialen\u00fd server a posiela\u0165 v\u00fdstup na X'y be\u017eiace na inej ma\u0161ine v sieti.) Preto\u017ee sa X'y sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali bez vo\u013eby -auth, nie je potrebn\u00e9 zaobera\u0165 sa premennou XAUTHORITY ani pr\u00edkazom xhost.<\/li>\n<li>Grafick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie (alebo ako ich naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa X-klienti) sa vykres\u013euj\u00fa v X'och \u2014 pritom bez mo\u017enosti ich premiest\u0148ova\u0165\/zatv\u00e1ra\u0165\/meni\u0165 \u201e-g (\u0160\u00edrka)x(V\u00fd\u0161ka)+(PosunOd\u013dav\u00e9hoOkraja)+(PosunOdHore)\u201d. S znamienkom \u201em\u00ednus\u201d od prav\u00e9ho a spodn\u00e9ho okraja.<\/li>\n<li>Dva term\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 by sa mali spomen\u00fa\u0165: X-server (tak naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa X'y) a X-klienti (tak naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa ak\u00fako\u013evek grafick\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fa v X'och). Existuje mal\u00e1 zm\u00e4tok v porozumen\u00ed tejto terminol\u00f3gie, mnoh\u00ed ju ch\u00e1pu presne naopak. Ke\u010f sa z \u201eklientskej ma\u0161iny\u201d (v terminol\u00f3gii vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu) prip\u00e1jam k \u201eserveru\u201d (v terminol\u00f3gii vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu), aby som zobrazi\u0165 grafick\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu zo servera na svojom monitore, X-server sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a na tej ma\u0161ine, kde je monitor (teda na \u201eklientskej ma\u0161ine\u201d, a nie na \u201eserveri\u201d), zatia\u013e \u010do X-klienti sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa a pracuj\u00fa na \u201eserveri\u201d, hoci sa zobrazuj\u00fa na monitore \u201eklientskej ma\u0161iny\u201d.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2d2da75b9d10fc850ad821ea0c00be71.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenty DE<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u010ealej sa pozrieme na komponenty, z ktor\u00fdch sa zvy\u010dajne sklad\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 plocha.<\/p>\n<h3>Komponenty DE: tla\u010didlo \u201e\u0160tart\u201c a \u201ePanels zad\u00e1va\u010de\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>\nZa\u010dneme s takzvan\u00fdm tla\u010didlom \u201e\u0160tart\u201c. \u010casto ide o samostatn\u00fd applet, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na \u201epanely zad\u00e1va\u010de\u201c. Zvy\u010dajne tam b\u00fdva aj applet na prep\u00ednanie medzi spusten\u00fdmi aplik\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/9e172828edff6ace7ce6b03786216283.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPri poh\u013eade na r\u00f4zne prostredia pracovn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch by som zhrnul podobn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie pod spolo\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom \u201eApps Manager (Launcher\/Switcher)\u201c, teda n\u00e1stroj na spr\u00e1vu aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie a prep\u00ednanie medzi spusten\u00fdmi), a tie\u017e uvediem utilitky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edkladom aplik\u00e1cie tohto typu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytova\u0165 vo forme tla\u010didla \u201e\u0160tart\u201c na klasickej (po cel\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku jednej z hr\u00e1n obrazovky) \u201epanely zad\u00e1va\u010de\u201c:\n<p>\u25cb xfce4-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb mate-panel\/gnome-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb vala-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb tint2.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eeme tie\u017e osobitne vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165 \u201eMacOS-ovej podobn\u00e9 panely zad\u00e1va\u010de\u201c (nie po cel\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku hrany obrazovky), hoci mnoh\u00e9 panely zad\u00e1va\u010de sa m\u00f4\u017eu zobrazova\u0165 v oboch variantoch. Tu je sk\u00f4r hlavn\u00fd rozdiel \u010disto vizu\u00e1lny \u2014 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u201eefektu zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovania ikon pri na\u0161tartovan\u00ed\u201c.\n<p>\u25cb docky,<br \/>\n\u25cb latte-dock,<br \/>\n\u25cb cairo-dock,<br \/>\n\u25cb plank.<\/li>\n<li>A\/ alebo slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa aplik\u00e1cie pri stla\u010den\u00ed \u201ehor\u00facich kl\u00e1vesov\u201c (v mnoh\u00fdch prostrediach pracovnej plochy tento komponent nevyhnutne existuje a umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavi\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 hor\u00face kl\u00e1vesy):\n<p>\u25cb sxhkd.<\/li>\n<li>Existuj\u00fa aj r\u00f4zne menu-typov\u00e9 \u201elaun\u010dery\u201c (z anglick\u00e9ho Launch (spusti\u0165)):\n<p>\u25cb dmenu-run,<br \/>\n\u25cb rofi -show drun,<br \/>\n\u25cb albert,<br \/>\n\u25cb grun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/b4b3bb6e50afdfa043abbbba6cd78404.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Komponenty DE: WM (Spr\u00e1vca Okien)<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_X_Window_System\"><i>Viac v ru\u0161tine<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_X_window_managers\"><i>Viac v angli\u010dtine<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>WM (Spr\u00e1vca okien) \u2014 nie\u010do aplik\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 zodpoved\u00e1 za spr\u00e1vu okien, prid\u00e1va mo\u017enos\u0165:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pres\u00favania okien na pracovnej ploche (vr\u00e1tane \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho s podr\u017ean\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy Alt kdeko\u013evek na okne, nielen na n\u00e1zve);<\/li>\n<li>zmena ve\u013ekosti okien, napr\u00edklad \u0165ahan\u00edm za \u201eoble\u010denie okna\u201c;<\/li>\n<li>prid\u00e1va do rozhrania okna \u201en\u00e1zov (title)\u201c a tla\u010didl\u00e1 minimaliz\u00e1cie\/maximaliz\u00e1cie\/zatvorenia aplik\u00e1cie;<\/li>\n<li>pojem pre aplik\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 je v \u201efokuse\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/dc624db555d9733bc8d4c310db52a3d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nVymenujem najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie (v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch uv\u00e1dzam, v ktorom DE sa pou\u017e\u00edva predvolene):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mutter_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80)\">mutter<\/a><\/noindex> (GNOME3),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity#Marco\">marco<\/a><\/noindex> (Mate),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity\">metacity<\/a><\/noindex> (GNOME2),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity#Muffin\">muffin<\/a><\/noindex> (Cinnamon),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KWin\">kwin<\/a><\/noindex> (KDE),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce#Xfwm\">xfwm<\/a><\/noindex> (XFCE),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twm\">twm<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d400832d130999737960568217c40c20.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTaktie\u017e vymenujem \u201estar\u00e9 WM s prvkami DE\u201c. T.j. okrem okn\u00e9ho mana\u017e\u00e9ra maj\u00fa aj prvky ako tla\u010didlo \u201e\u0160tart\u201c a \u201ePanely \u00faloh\u201c, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa viac charakteristick\u00e9 pre plnohodnotn\u00e9 DE. Hoci s\u00fa \u201estar\u00e9\u201c, ke\u010f\u017ee aj IceWM a WindowMaker u\u017e vydali svoje aktualizovan\u00e9 verzie v roku 2020. Je presnej\u0161ie ich pomenova\u0165 \u201estarosedliaci\u201c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IceWM\">IceWM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Window_Maker\">WindowMaker<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Openbox\">openbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackbox\">blackbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluxbox\">fluxbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FVWM\">fvwm<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/961752f4dd3a287939c0f23c33df3690.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/c1b41bf8c1403786a9327d323510f8fb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/bba7016b0444a9bcdf167391febc455b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/764bc7a1fd7785abbbd7fd57f9b6b4c9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/97c471d50137dc5015e16632ba1226bc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOkrem \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c (\u201ez\u00e1sobn\u00edkov\u00fdch okn\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov\u201c) je potrebn\u00e9 osobitne uvies\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80\">dla\u017edicov\u00e9 WM<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa umiestni\u0165 okn\u00e1 \u201eako dla\u017edice\u201c po celej obrazovke, a navy\u0161e pre niektor\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie osobitn\u00fd pracovn\u00fd st\u00f4l pre ka\u017ed\u00fa spusten\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu na cel\u00fa obrazovku. Pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ich predt\u00fdm nepou\u017e\u00edvali, to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 trochu nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, ale ke\u010f\u017ee s tak\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm pracujem u\u017e dos\u0165 dlho, m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee je to ve\u013emi pohodln\u00e9 a r\u00fdchlo si na to zvyknete, po \u010dom sa klasick\u00e9 okn\u00e9 mana\u017e\u00e9ry zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 nepraktick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I3_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0)\">i3<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ratpoison\">ratpoison<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awesome\">awesome<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwm\">DWM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xmonad\">Xmonad<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>qtile,<\/li>\n<li>bspwm,<\/li>\n<li>herbstluftwm,<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<li>twin,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sway_(window_manager)\">sway<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a1d0ed462012443e329e469317d91ea3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTakisto stoj\u00ed za zmienku projekt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compiz\">Compiz <\/a><\/noindex>a pojem \u201eKomp\u00f3zov\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r okien\u201c, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva mo\u017enosti hardv\u00e9rovej akceler\u00e1cie na zobrazovanie prieh\u013eadnosti, tie\u0148ov a r\u00f4znych trojrozmern\u00fdch efektov. Pred pribli\u017ene 10 rokmi bol boom 3D efektov na Linux desktopy. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti mnoh\u00e9 z okn\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov zabudovan\u00fdch do DE \u010diasto\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kompozi\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Ned\u00e1vno sa objavil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wayfire.org\/\">Wayfire<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 produkt s podobnou funk\u010dnos\u0165ou ako Compiz pod Wayland.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15f24a75178725789eb23902beaea754.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPodrobn\u00fd zoznam r\u00f4znych okn\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 v\u00a0 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gilesorr.com\/wm\/table.html\">\u010dl\u00e1nku porovnania<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Komponenty DE: ostatn\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>\nTaktie\u017e stoj\u00ed za zmienku nasleduj\u00face komponenty pracovnej plochy (tu pou\u017e\u00edvam anglick\u00e9 ust\u00e1len\u00e9 term\u00edny na opis odr\u00f4d aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2014 nie s\u00fa to n\u00e1zvy samotn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Applets (aplety):<\/li>\n<li>PO (Widget toolkit) - \u010dasto je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n s ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u201eminim\u00e1ln\u00edm bal\u00edkem\u201c softwaru:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>DE (Desktop Environment)<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desktop_environment\"><i>Viac v angli\u010dtine<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ze seznamu v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch komponent\u016f vznik\u00e1 takzvan\u00e9 \u201eprost\u0159ed\u00ed grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed\u201c. V\u0161echny jej\u00ed komponenty jsou \u010dasto vyv\u00edjeny pomoc\u00ed stejn\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch knihoven a se shodn\u00fdmi principy designu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se minim\u00e1ln\u011b udr\u017euje spole\u010dn\u00fd styl vzhledu aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zde lze vyzdvihnout n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce\">Xfce<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Plasma_5\">KDE<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME\">GNOME<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinnamon\">Cinnamon<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MATE\">Mate<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LXQt\">LXQt<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlightenment\">Enlightenment<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi jsou GNOME a KDE, a na paty jim \u0161lape XFCE.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2eac15453f423543757b82fea2252f13.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSrovn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch parametr\u016f v tabulce lze vid\u011bt v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_X_Window_System_desktop_environments\">Wikipedii<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Rozmanitost DE<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc763dda813bce0f25bb09d7bc12d8f8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Looking_Glass\"><strong>Project_Looking_Glass<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dokonce zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady z historie: v letech 2003-2007 byla pro Linux vytvo\u0159ena \"3D grafika pracovn\u00edho prostoru\" s n\u00e1zvem \"Project Looking Glass\" od firmy Sun. S\u00e1m jsem tento pracovn\u00ed prostor pou\u017e\u00edval, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u201ehr\u00e1l si\u201c s n\u00edm, proto\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Tento \"3D design\" byl naps\u00e1n v Jav\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy je\u0161t\u011b neexistovaly grafick\u00e9 karty podporuj\u00edc\u00ed 3D. Proto byly v\u0161echny efekty po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny procesorem, a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d musel b\u00fdt velmi v\u00fdkonn\u00fd, jinak v\u0161e b\u011b\u017eelo pomalu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to vypadalo p\u011bkn\u011b. T\u0159\u00edrozm\u011brn\u00e9 dla\u017edice aplikac\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010det\/rozbalovat. Bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 se ot\u00e1\u010det v cylindru pracovn\u00edho prostoru s panoramatick\u00fdm pozad\u00edm o 360 stup\u0148\u016f. M\u011bl n\u011bkolik sv\u00fdch kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed: nap\u0159\u00edklad poslech hudby ve form\u00e1tu \"n\u00e1hrady CD-\u010dek\" atd. M\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na youtube <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=%22Project+Looking+Glass%22+SUN\">videu<\/a><\/noindex> na tento projekt, i kdy\u017e kvalita t\u011bchto vide\u00ed bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1, proto\u017ee v t\u011bchto letech nebyla mo\u017enost nahr\u00e1vat videa v vysok\u00e9 kvalit\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/edd6331139d2083a3d93995d3e52d45d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce\"><strong>Xfce<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Lehk\u00fd pracovn\u00ed prostor. Projekt existuje u\u017e dost dlouho, od roku 1996. V posledn\u00edch letech je velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch KDE a GNOME, na mnoha distribuc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed lehk\u00e9 a \u201eklasick\u00e9\u201c u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed. Obsahuje mnoho nastaven\u00ed a velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vlastn\u00edch program\u016f: termin\u00e1l (xfce4-terminal), spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f (thunar), prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d obr\u00e1zk\u016f (ristretto), textov\u00fd editor (mousepad).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/35897d01e7aa9be0a8ab392211175d69.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elementary_OS#Pantheon\"><strong>Pantheon<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa v distrib\u00facii \u201eElementary OS\u201c. M\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee existuj\u00fa \u201epracovn\u00e9 plochy\u201c, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci jedinej distrib\u00facie a nie s\u00fa ve\u013emi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 (ak nie poveda\u0165 \u201ev\u00f4bec nie s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9\u201c) v in\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch. Aspo\u0148 zatia\u013e nez\u00edskali popularitu a nepresved\u010dili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu publika o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch svojho pr\u00edstupu. Pantheon si kladie za cie\u013e vytvori\u0165 rozhranie podobn\u00e9 macOS.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/616e75e7679bfe0c9bb4c97177a6e0c2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nVarianta s dock-pan\u00e9lom:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e649e83e2c8ef8d5a21a659e9343a7b6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlightenment\"><strong>Enlightenment<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Siln\u00fd d\u00f4raz na grafick\u00e9 efekty a widgety (e\u0161te z \u010dias, ke\u010f in\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredia nemali widgety na ploche, napr\u00edklad kalend\u00e1r\/hodiny). Pou\u017e\u00edva svoje kni\u017enice. Disponuje ve\u013ek\u00fdm s\u00faborom svojich \u201ep\u00f4sobiv\u00fdch\u201c aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed: termin\u00e1l (Terminology), video prehr\u00e1va\u010d (Rage), prehliada\u010d obr\u00e1zkov (Ephoto).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/93252eeb770b711af7c640e6e34a26c0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bodhilinux.com\/moksha-desktop\/\"><strong>Moksha<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Je to fork Enlightenment17, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v distrib\u00facii BodhiLinux.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/aede497dca4b3f82aab90889c537ae4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME\"><strong>GNOME<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vodne \u201eklasick\u00e9\u201c rozhranie pracovnej plochy, vytvoren\u00e9 ako alternat\u00edva k KDE, ktor\u00e9 bolo nap\u00edsan\u00e9 na kni\u017enici QT, v tom \u010dase \u0161\u00edrenej za licenciu, ktor\u00e1 nebola ve\u013emi v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 pre komer\u010dn\u00e9 distrib\u00facie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/726930a1caf14ed65cf680caba0b7198.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME_Shell\"><strong>GNOME_Shell<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>S tre\u0165ou verziou GNOME sa dod\u00e1va s rozhran\u00edm GNOME Shell, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 \u201enekazate\u013en\u00fd vzh\u013ead\u201c, \u010do sa nevydarilo v\u0161etk\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom (ak\u00e9ko\u013evek r\u00e1zne zmeny v rozhraniach s\u00fa pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov \u0165a\u017eko akceptovate\u013en\u00e9). Ako d\u00f4sledok\u2014objavil sa fork-projekt pokra\u010duj\u00faci vo v\u00fdvoji tejto pracovn\u00ed plochy v \u201eklasickom\u201c \u0161t\u00fdle: MATE a Cinnamon. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa predvolene v mnoh\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch. M\u00e1 mno\u017estvo nastaven\u00ed a vlastn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ad98740aa14d1ffbbe055265e50823ed.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MATE\"><strong>MATE<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Objavila sa na z\u00e1klade GNOME2 a pokra\u010duje vo v\u00fdvoji tohto prostredia. M\u00e1 mno\u017estvo nastaven\u00ed a fork aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali e\u0161te v GNOME2 (pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy) aby sa predi\u0161lo zm\u00e4tku s ich novou verziou pre GNOME3).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d9cf43e15d4ff492e4703ce644013951.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinnamon\"><strong>Cinnamon<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fork GNOME Shell, poskytuj\u00faci pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom rozhranie v \u201eklasickom\u201c \u0161t\u00fdle (ako tomu bolo v GNOME2).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1 mno\u017estvo nastaven\u00ed a tie ist\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako aj pre GNOME Shell.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/98f0ea5998e9e2aa299ae07be94be1c7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budgie_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)\"><strong>Budgie<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fork GNOME v \u201eklasickom\u201c \u0161t\u00fdle, ktor\u00fd sa vyv\u00edjal v r\u00e1mci distrib\u00facie Solus, ale teraz sa dod\u00e1va aj ako samostatn\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 plocha v r\u00f4znych in\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc6ad79bf55a3be1941fbed5a9b9d71b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Plasma_5\"><strong>KDE_Plasma<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex> (alebo, ako sa \u010dasto naz\u00fdva, jednoducho KDE)\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Prostredie pracovnej plochy, vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci projektu KDE.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1 mno\u017estvo nastaven\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch jednoduch\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi z grafick\u00e9ho rozhrania a ve\u013ea grafick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa v r\u00e1mci tejto pracovnej plochy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a2edf68441240624c775beb8e6fb41af.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_Desktop_Environment\"><strong>Trinity<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V roku 2008 KDE vydalo svoju nov\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu KDE Plasma (motor pracovnej plochy bol v\u00fdrazne prepracovan\u00fd). Rovnako ako s GNOME\/MATE, ani v\u0161etk\u00fdm fan\u00fa\u0161ikom KDE sa to nep\u00e1\u010dilo. V\u00fdsledkom bol fork projektu, ktor\u00fd pokra\u010duje vo v\u00fdvoji predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej verzie, s n\u00e1zvom TDE (Trinity Desktop Environment).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/8a726d8a896bc9bba4c84700ddd81e6e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deepin#Deepin_Desktop_Environment\"><strong>Deepin_DE<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Jedno z nov\u00fdch desktopov\u00fdch prostred\u00ed, nap\u00edsan\u00e9 pomocou Qt (na ktorom je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 KDE). M\u00e1 ve\u013ea nastaven\u00ed a celkom kr\u00e1sne (aj ke\u010f to je subjekt\u00edvny pojem) a premyslen\u00e9 rozhranie. Vyv\u00edja sa v r\u00e1mci distrib\u00facie Deepin Linux. Existuj\u00fa aj bal\u00ed\u010dky pre in\u00e9 distrib\u00facie.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/efe3ed7bca3db3de54066e291a5e6900.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Fly<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad pracovn\u00e9ho prostredia nap\u00edsan\u00e9ho pomocou Qt. Vyv\u00edja sa v r\u00e1mci distrib\u00facie Astra Linux.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/3267f48c18f3b1b20d7a051044a3cb56.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LXQt\"><strong>LXQt<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u013dahk\u00e9 desktopov\u00e9 prostredie. Rovnako ako nieko\u013eko predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pr\u00edkladov, je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 pomocou Qt. V skuto\u010dnosti je pokra\u010dovan\u00edm projektu LXDE a v\u00fdsledkom zl\u00fa\u010denia s projektom Razor-qt.<\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edte, pracovn\u00e1 plocha v Linuxe m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165 ve\u013emi r\u00f4zne a ka\u017ed\u00fd si tu n\u00e1jde vhodn\u00e9 rozhranie: od ve\u013emi kr\u00e1snych a s 3D efektmi po minimalistick\u00e9, od \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c po nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, od akt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zdroje po \u013eahk\u00e9, od ve\u013ek\u00fdch obrazoviek po tablety\/smartf\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fafam, \u017ee sa mi podarilo poskytn\u00fa\u0165 predstavu o tom, z ak\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch komponentov sa sklad\u00e1 grafika a pracovn\u00e1 plocha v opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me Linux.<\/p>\n<p>Materi\u00e1l na tento \u010dl\u00e1nok bol predveden\u00fd v j\u00fali 2020 na webin\u00e1ri. M\u00f4\u017eete si ho pozrie\u0165. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KaJEa_VKceI\">tu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmto kon\u010d\u00edm. D\u00fafam, \u017ee to bolo u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9. Ak m\u00e1te nejak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky alebo koment\u00e1re, nap\u00ed\u0161te. Budem r\u00e1d odpoveda\u0165. A nezabudnite pr\u00eds\u0165 \u0161tudova\u0165 do <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/academy.ru\/catalog\/unix%20linux\/\">\u201eSie\u0165ovej Akad\u00e9mie LANIT\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>!<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/516330\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.\u00a0 \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 KDE \u0438 GNOME \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":93098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux: \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Ako funguje grafika v Linuxe: preh\u013ead r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pracovnej plochy | ProHoster","description":"Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 t\u00fdm, ako funguje grafika v Linuxe a z ak\u00fdch komponentov sa sklad\u00e1. Obsahuje mno\u017estvo sn\u00edmok obrazovky s r\u00f4znymi realiz\u00e1ciami pracovn\u00fdch prostred\u00ed.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux: \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"93097","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:55:35","updated":"2022-09-27 18:15:25","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}