{"id":93556,"date":"2020-09-07T07:44:16","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu"},"modified":"2020-09-07T07:44:16","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:16","slug":"mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mnogolikaya-ubunta-v-2020-godu","title":{"rendered":"Mnohostrann\u00e1 Ubuntu v roku 2020","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pred vami je neobjekt\u00edvny, nez\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a netechnick\u00fd preh\u013ead opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu Linux 20.04 a piatich jeho ofici\u00e1lnych variant. Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa verzie jadra, glibc, snapd a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 experiment\u00e1lnej rel\u00e1cie wayland \u2014 sem nechodte. Ak o Linuxe po\u010dujete po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t a chcete pochopi\u0165, \u010do si o \u0148om mysl\u00ed \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd sed\u00ed na Ubuontu u\u017e osem rokov, potom ste na spr\u00e1vnom mieste. Ak si len chcete pozrie\u0165 nie\u010do nezlo\u017eit\u00e9, mierne ironick\u00e9 a s obr\u00e1zkami, tak ste tie\u017e tu. Ak sa v\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee pod \u010dl\u00e1nkom je mno\u017estvo nepresnost\u00ed, opomenut\u00ed a manipul\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u00faplne ch\u00fdba logika \u2014 mo\u017eno to tak je, ale predsa ide o netechnick\u00fd a neobjekt\u00edvny preh\u013ead.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNa za\u010diatok mal\u00e9 \"vstupn\u00e9\" do t\u00e9my. Existuj\u00fa opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my: Windows<\/a><\/noindex>, MacOS<\/a><\/noindex> a Linux. O Windose po\u010dul ka\u017ed\u00fd a v\u0161etci ju pou\u017e\u00edvali. O MacOS po\u010dul takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd, ale nie ka\u017ed\u00fd ju pou\u017e\u00edval. O Linuxe po\u010dulo nie ka\u017ed\u00fd, a pou\u017e\u00edvali ho len najodv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00ed a najodv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Linuxov je ve\u013ea. Windows \u2014 to je jeden syst\u00e9m, MacOS \u2014 tie\u017e jeden. Samozrejme, \u017ee maj\u00fa verzie: sedmi\u010dka, \u00f4sma, desiata alebo High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina. Ale v podstate ide o jeden syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd postupne vyv\u00edja jedna spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Linuxov je stovky, a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa ich r\u00f4zni \u013eudia a spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je Linuxov tak ve\u013ea? Samotn\u00fd Linux \u2014 to nie je opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ale jadro, teda najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia \u010das\u0165. Bez jadra ni\u010d nefunguje, ale jadro samo osebe m\u00e1lo zodpoved\u00e1 potreb\u00e1m be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. K jadru je potrebn\u00e9 prida\u0165 mno\u017estvo in\u00fdch komponentov, a aby to v\u0161etko malo pekn\u00e9 okn\u00e1, ikony a obr\u00e1zky na ploche \u2014 je potrebn\u00e9 e\u0161te navrhn\u00fa\u0165 takzvan\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 rozhranie<\/i>. Jadro vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa jedni \u013eudia, \u010fal\u0161ie komponenty \u2014 in\u00ed, a grafick\u00e9 rozhranie \u2014 tret\u00ed. Komponentov a rozhran\u00ed je mnoho a m\u00f4\u017eu sa r\u00f4zne kombinova\u0165. Nakoniec sa objavuj\u00fa \u0161tvrt\u00ed \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed to v\u0161etko poskladaj\u00fa dokopy a pripravia vlastne opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m v obvyklom podobe. In\u00fdmi slovami \u2014 distrib\u00facia<\/i> Linuxu. Distrib\u00faciu m\u00f4\u017ee spravi\u0165 jeden \u010dlovek, a preto je mnoho distrib\u00faci\u00ed. Mimochodom, \"rusk\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my\" \u2014 to s\u00fa distrib\u00facie Linuxu a z rusk\u00e9ho tam \u2014 iba zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 tapety na plochu, samostatn\u00e9 programy plus certifikovan\u00e9 prostriedky na pr\u00e1cu s tajn\u00fdmi a in\u00fdmi d\u00f4vern\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n

Preto\u017ee je ve\u013ea distrib\u00faci\u00ed, je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 si vybra\u0165, a to sa st\u00e1va \u010fal\u0161ou bolestivou staros\u0165ou pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kto sa rozhodol riskova\u0165 a pok\u00fasi\u0165 sa od\u00eds\u0165 z Windows (alebo z MacOS). Okrem toho, samozrejme, existuj\u00fa aj ban\u00e1lnej\u0161ie probl\u00e9my ako: \u201eoch, Linux je zlo\u017eit\u00fd\u201c, \u201eje iba pre program\u00e1torov\u201c, \u201eni\u010d mi nep\u00f4jde\u201c, \u201eboj\u00edm sa pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku\u201c. A navy\u0161e, ako obvykle, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri a pou\u017e\u00edvatelia r\u00f4znych distrib\u00faci\u00ed neust\u00e1le diskutuj\u00fa o tom, ktor\u00e1 verzia Linuxu je lep\u0161ia.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nDistrib\u00facie Linuxu bojuj\u00fa jednotne proti hegemonii Microsoftu. Autor p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka je S. Jolkina, ch\u00fdbaj\u00face prvky doplnil autor \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/i><\/p>\n

Rozhodol som sa aktualizova\u0165 opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a za\u010dal som si vybera\u0165. Kedysi som sa u\u017e takto bavil \u2014 s\u0165ahoval som distrib\u00facie Linuxu a testoval ich. Ale to bolo u\u017e dos\u0165 d\u00e1vno. Odvtedy sa Linuxy zmenili, tak\u017ee nie je na \u0161kodu otestova\u0165 to znova.<\/p>\n

Z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek som vzal \u0161es\u0165. V\u0161etky s\u00fa vari\u00e1cie Ubuntu.<\/a><\/noindex>Ubuntu je jednou z najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch distrib\u00faci\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klade Ubuntu vzniklo mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch distrib\u00faci\u00ed (\u00e1no, \u00e1no, takto sa rozmno\u017euj\u00fa: z jednej distrib\u00facie Linuxu sa sklad\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ia, na jej z\u00e1klade sa vytvor\u00ed tretia, potom \u0161tvrt\u00e1, a tak \u010falej, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa nov\u00e9 pozadia na plochu neskon\u010dia). Pou\u017e\u00edval som jednu z t\u00fdchto odvodnen\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00ed (mimochodom, rusk\u00fa \u2014 Runtu<\/a><\/noindex> , tak\u017ee som za\u010dal testova\u0165 Ubuntu a jej ofici\u00e1lne vari\u00e1cie. Ofici\u00e1lnych vari\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> je sedem. Z t\u00fdchto siedmich sa dve nemusia pozera\u0165, preto\u017ee jedna je pre \u010c\u00ed\u0148anov<\/a><\/noindex>, a druh\u00e1 je pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed profesion\u00e1lne pracuj\u00fa so zvukom a videom<\/a><\/noindex>. Pozrime sa na ostatn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 plus origin\u00e1l. Samozrejme, je to ve\u013emi subjekt\u00edvne a s mno\u017estvom pozn\u00e1mok naokolo.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu je origin\u00e1l. V slangu sa hovor\u00ed \u201evanilkov\u00e1 Ubuntu\u201c, od vanilla<\/i> \u2014 \u0161tandardn\u00e1, nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne \u0161peci\u00e1lne vlastnosti. Ostatn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 distrib\u00faci\u00ed je zalo\u017een\u00fdch na nej a l\u00ed\u0161ia sa iba grafick\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm: pracovnou plochou, oknami, panelmi a tla\u010didlami. Samotn\u00e9 Ubuntu vyzer\u00e1 ako MacOS, len panel nie je na spodnej strane, ale na \u013eavej (ale d\u00e1 sa presun\u00fa\u0165 dolu). V\u0161etko v angli\u010dtine, jednoducho som sa len leniv\u00fd prepn\u00fa\u0165, v skuto\u010dnosti tam je aj ru\u0161tina.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nUbuntu hne\u010f po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Ma\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 strie\u013ea o\u010dami \u2014 to je v skuto\u010dnosti fosa.<\/a><\/noindex>. Podob\u00e1 sa ma\u010dk\u00e1m, ale v skuto\u010dnosti patr\u00ed do inej rodiny. \u017dije na Madagaskare. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 verzia Ubuntu m\u00e1 svoje k\u00f3dov\u00e9 meno: zviera a nejak\u00fd pr\u00eddavok. Verzia 20.04 sa naz\u00fdva Focal Fossa. Focal \u2014 stred v zmysle \u201ecentr\u00e1lny bod\u201c, a Fossa tie\u017e pripom\u00edna FOSS<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Free and Open Source Software, slobodn\u00fd softv\u00e9r s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom. A na obr\u00e1zku sa fossa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na nie\u010do.<\/p>\n

Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead dobr\u00fd pocit, ale zhor\u0161uje sa, ke\u010f za\u010dnete pracova\u0165. Ak ste si nev\u0161imli obvykl\u00fa li\u0161tu s otvoren\u00fdmi oknami, ako vo Windowse, m\u00e1te pravdu: tak\u00e1 li\u0161ta neexistuje. Namiesto toho s\u00fa ikony spusten\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa rozsvietia, a e\u0161te je tu vec \u2014 Aktivity, ktor\u00e1 sa podob\u00e1 na zoznam otvoren\u00fdch programov na Androide.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nU\u010d\u00edme sa prep\u00edna\u0165 medzi oknami v Ubunte: potiahneme my\u0161 k Aktivit\u00e1m, klikneme, navedieme na okno, klikneme znova. Vid\u00edte, ako je to jednoduch\u00e9?<\/i><\/p>\n

Vyzer\u00e1 efektn\u00e9, najm\u00e4 s kr\u00e1snymi plynul\u00fdmi anim\u00e1ciami, ale z h\u013eadiska pohodlnosti \u2014 nie ve\u013emi. Keby som len po\u010d\u00faval hudbu a pozeral filmy bez opustenia prehliada\u010da \u2014 ale ja mus\u00edm neust\u00e1le prep\u00edna\u0165 medzi programami, a 10 s\u00fa\u010dasne otvoren\u00fdch okien \u2014 to nie je zriedkav\u00e9. A teraz si predstavte: zaka\u017ed\u00fdm mus\u00edte niekam pos\u00fava\u0165 my\u0161, nie\u010do tam klikn\u00fa\u0165, znova niekam pos\u00fava\u0165 (pri\u010dom h\u013ead\u00e1te potrebn\u00e9 okno nie pod\u013ea n\u00e1zvu, ale pod\u013ea malej obr\u00e1zkovky), znova klikn\u00fa\u0165\u2026 V skratke, po hodine budete chcie\u0165 t\u00fato syst\u00e9m vyhodi\u0165 a u\u017e sa k nej nikdy nevr\u00e1ti\u0165. Samozrejme, m\u00f4\u017eete prep\u00edna\u0165 okn\u00e1 pomocou Alt-Tab, ale to je tie\u017e tak\u00e1 finta.<\/p>\n

Na Android, mimochodom, sa podob\u00e1 nie n\u00e1hodou. V roku 2011 nejak\u00ed m\u00fadri \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed robili grafick\u00e9 prostredie Ubunt<\/a><\/noindex>, videli iPad a pomysleli si: \u201eTo je bud\u00facnos\u0165. Po\u010fme vytvori\u0165 tak\u00fd rozhranie, aby sa podobalo na Apple a aby ho bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na tablete. Potom bude na v\u0161etk\u00fdch tabletoch na\u0161e grafick\u00e9 prostredie, budeme v \u0161oku, a Windows \u2014 m\u0155tve<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb. Nakoniec na pr\u00edstrojoch Android s iOS, a dokonca aj Microsoft odsko\u010dil. Windows \u017eije a zdrav\u00fd, zatia\u013e \u010do rozbiehanie norm\u00e1lneho rozhrania Ubuntu skon\u010dilo. A samozrejme, Ubuntu na pr\u00edstrojoch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa len extr\u00e9mni nad\u0161enci (poviem to na rovinu \u2014 ani som to nesk\u00fa\u0161al). Mo\u017eno by sa malo vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 v\u0161etko, ale za desa\u0165 rokov bolo do tohto rozhrania investovan\u00fdch to\u013eko \u00fasilia a pe\u0148az\u00ed, \u017ee pokra\u010duj\u00fa vo v\u00fdvoji. Nu\u017e, \u010do m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165... Minim\u00e1lne je to pekn\u00e9. A \u010do sa t\u00fdka pou\u017eite\u013enosti \u2014 zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 nejak\u00e9 doplnky, ktor\u00e9 vr\u00e1tia norm\u00e1lny panel s oknami. Ale pr\u00edli\u0161 sa mi nechce experimentova\u0165 s nimi.<\/p>\n

Plus som sa pozrel na spotrebu zdrojov \u2014 Ubuntu spotrebuje gigabajt RAM hne\u010f po \u0161tarte. To je takmer ako Windows. Nie, \u010fakujem. Inak sa to zd\u00e1 by\u0165 celkom norm\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Kubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nAk sa Ubuntu podob\u00e1 na macOS, tak Kubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 na Windows. Pozrite sa sami.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nKubuntu hne\u010f po \u0161tarte. K\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010denie \u2014 tie\u017e Focal Fossa, ale obr\u00e1zok je in\u00fd.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tu, na\u0161\u0165astie, nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pokusy urobi\u0165 syst\u00e9m pre tablet, ale s\u00fa tu pokusy vytvori\u0165 relat\u00edvne norm\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 prostredie pre stoln\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Pracovn\u00e9 prostredie sa vol\u00e1 KDE \u2014 nep\u00fdtajte sa, \u010do to znamen\u00e1. V be\u017enej re\u010di \u2014 \"kedy\". Odtia\u013e aj \"K\" v n\u00e1zve opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Na tom mieste maj\u00fa v\u00f4bec radi p\u00edsmeno \"K\": ak sa podar\u00ed, tak ho pridaj\u00fa na za\u010diatok n\u00e1zvu programu, ak nie, nevad\u00ed, pridaj\u00fa ho na koniec n\u00e1zvu. Na posledn\u00fa chv\u00ed\u013eu nakreslia na ikonu.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nNaozaj to pripom\u00edna Windows?<\/i><\/p>\n

Farebn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma je podobn\u00e1 desiatke, a aj \u201eding\u201c pri zobrazen\u00ed ozn\u00e1menia je presne rovnak\u00e9... \u00daprimne, nie Kubuntu, ale ak\u00e1si Windubunta. Pokus o \u201enapodobenie\u201c Windows je a\u017e tak\u00fd siln\u00fd, \u017ee si dokonca m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 nastavi\u0165 tla\u010didl\u00e1 ako vo Windowse \u2014 samozrejme, prekvapivo ako vo Windowse 95 (pozri na sn\u00edmke obrazovky v nastaveniach v\u013eavo dolu). Samozrejme, syst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 \"preoble\u010d\", preto\u017ee v\u0161etko v Linuxe sa d\u00e1 nastavi\u0165, a potom prestane by\u0165 podobn\u00fd Windows, ale na to je potrebn\u00e9 trochu poh\u013eada\u0165 v nastaveniach. \u00c1no, pre istotu: ak zapne\u0161 okn\u00e1 a tla\u010didl\u00e1 z 95. roka, syst\u00e9m aj tak bude \u017era\u0165 prostriedky ako v roku 2020. Pravda, v tomto smere je celkom skromn\u00fd: nejak\u00fdch 400 MB pam\u00e4te po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed \u2014 to je takmer ni\u010d. Ani som to ne\u010dakal. Kolovali ne\u00faprosn\u00e9 f\u00e1my, \u017ee \u201ekde\u201c s\u00fa pomal\u00e9 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Ale zjavne nie. Inak je to t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 Ubuntu, preto\u017ee technicky je to ten ist\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Sn\u00e1\u010f len niektor\u00e9 programy s\u00fa in\u00e9, ale Firefox a LibreOffice s\u00fa tie\u017e na svojom mieste.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu MATE<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu MATE<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 je pokus obnovi\u0165 Ubuntu v podobe, v ktorej bola pred rokom 2011. To znamen\u00e1 predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e sa v origin\u00e1li rozhodli robi\u0165 syst\u00e9m pre tablety a urobili to, \u010do som ukazoval vy\u0161\u0161ie. Vtedy nejak\u00ed in\u00ed m\u00fadri \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa nechceli vzda\u0165, prevzali k\u00f3d starej grafickej rozhrania a za\u010dali ho vylep\u0161ova\u0165 a podporova\u0165. Dobre si pam\u00e4t\u00e1m, \u017ee som vtedy na ich pr\u00e1cu pozeral ako na pokusy vytvori\u0165 zombie a myslel si: \u201eNu\u017e dobre, projekt je zjavne neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd, p\u00e1r rokov sa to\u010d\u00edm a skon\u010d\u00ed to.\u201c A pozri sa \u2014 u\u017e skoro desa\u0165 rokov \u017eije a kvitne, dokonca sa dostal medzi ofici\u00e1lne varianty Ubuntu. Nu\u017e, st\u00e1va sa. Napriek tomu je t\u00fa\u017eba po klasike v \u013eu\u010foch nezni\u010dite\u013en\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\n\u00c1no-\u00e1no, tu s\u00fa dve li\u0161ty! Ak by ste chceli vedie\u0165, li\u0161ty \u2014 to s\u00fa tieto dve siv\u00e9 p\u00e1sy hore a dole.<\/i><\/p>\n

MATE \u2014 to je MATE, n\u00e1zov tejto zelenej grafickej rozhrania. Mate \u2014 to je mat\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>, tak juhoamerick\u00e1 rastlina, a preto aj zelen\u00e1. A e\u0161te mate \u2014 priate\u013e, tak\u017ee nazna\u010duje \u201epriate\u013eskos\u0165\u201c. Mat\u00e9 sa v\u00f4bec nepodob\u00e1 ni\u010domu \u2014 ani na Windows, ani na MacOS. Podob\u00e1 sa sama na seba, a presnej\u0161ie, na origin\u00e1lny vyn\u00e1lez z Linuxov 90. rokov a nult\u00fdch: spravi\u0165 nie jednu li\u0161tu s oknami a ikonkami, ale dve: jednu s oknami, druh\u00fa s ikonami. No a celkom to vy\u0161lo. Mimochodom, m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 e\u0161te \u0161tyri obd\u013a\u017eniky v pravom dolnom rohu \u2014 to je prep\u00edna\u010d pracovn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Vo Windowse sa tak\u00e1 vec ned\u00e1vno objavila, v Linuxe existuje od nepam\u00e4ti. M\u00f4\u017eete na jednej pracovnej ploche otvori\u0165 nie\u010do pracovn\u00e9, potom sa prepn\u00fa\u0165 na susedn\u00fa pracovn\u00fa plochu a tam by\u0165 na Vkontakte. Pravda, ja v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvam len jednu pracovn\u00fa plochu.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nAk otvor\u00edte ve\u013ea okien, bude to vyzera\u0165 takto<\/i><\/p>\n

Inak je to rovnak\u00e1 Ubuntu, pokia\u013e ide o spotrebu zdrojov a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 \u2014 ako origin\u00e1l. Taktie\u017e si po spusten\u00ed pokojne vezme gigabajt pam\u00e4te. Mne to s\u00edce nie je \u013e\u00fato, ale aj tak je to tro\u0161ku frustruj\u00face.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu-Badji<\/h2>\n

\nUbuntu-Badji<\/a><\/noindex> urobila nemo\u017en\u00e9: sta\u0165 sa e\u0161te podobnej\u0161ou na MacOS, ne\u017e Ubuntu. Badji je n\u00e1zov e\u0161te jednej grafickej nadstavby<\/a><\/noindex>, ak v\u00e1s to zauj\u00edma. Aj ke\u010f ste to asi u\u017e aj sami uh\u00e1dli.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nBezplatn\u00fd MacOS Ubuntu-Badji hne\u010f po spusten\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysvet\u013eujem, ako sa tento z\u00e1zrak objavil. Ke\u010f v roku 2011 sa nejak\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed \u013eudia rozhodli vytvori\u0165 Ubuntu pre tablet\u2026 \u00e1no, pr\u00e1ve vtedy to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo \ud83d\ude42 Tak\u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00ed nes\u00fahlasn\u00ed experimentovali so vytvoren\u00edm zombie (ako sa uk\u00e1zalo, celkom \u00faspe\u0161ne), in\u00ed sa rozhodli vytvori\u0165 miesto zombie Principi\u00e1lne Nov\u00e9ho \u010cloveka nov\u00fa grafick\u00fa nadstavbu, ktor\u00e1 bude pokia\u013e ide o pohodlie pr\u00e1ce pribli\u017ene ako star\u00e1 a nie prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 na tablety, ale zato bude tak\u00e1 cool, m\u00f3dna, technologick\u00e1. Robili, robili a dostali nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 na MacOS. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa aj tvorcovia origin\u00e1lnej Ubuntu sna\u017eili, sna\u017eili a dostali nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 na MacOS. Ale Badji, pod\u013ea m\u0148a, je o nie\u010do viac podobn\u00e1: predsa len, li\u0161ta s ikonami je hne\u010f dole, nie zo strany. Od toho, pravda, nie je o ni\u010d jednoduch\u0161ia: presne takto je to aj s prep\u00ednan\u00edm medzi oknami, ani som hne\u010f nevedel, kam klikn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nMo\u017eno vid\u00edte pod prav\u00fdm ikonou tak\u00fa mal\u00fa iskru? To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee program je spusten\u00fd.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u010co sa t\u00fdka pohodlia a vyu\u017eitia zdrojov, od origin\u00e1lu sa ve\u013ea nel\u00ed\u0161i \u2014 rovnak\u00fd gigabajt, ako vid\u00edte, a tie ist\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s \u201eobetovan\u00edm pohodlia kv\u00f4li kr\u00e1se\u201c. Plus, t\u00e1to s\u00fastava m\u00e1 e\u0161te jeden probl\u00e9m: Budgie \u2014 to je predsa len menej popul\u00e1rna vec ako Ubuntu, tak\u017ee \u0161ance, \u017ee ju m\u00f4\u017eete tak isto \u013eahko prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svojim potreb\u00e1m a opravi\u0165, ak nie\u010do nep\u00f4jde, s\u00fa zna\u010dne ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Lubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nLubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to je Ubuntu pre chudobn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s n\u00edzkym v\u00fdkonom. \u201eL\u201c znamen\u00e1 lightweight<\/i>, teda \u013eahk\u00fd. Nu\u017e, ja 400 MB opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed nazvem \u00faplne \u201e\u013eahk\u00fdm\u201c, ale dobre, ver\u00edme na slovo.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nNa\u010d\u00edtali sme sa, urobili selfie...<\/i><\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e sa to podob\u00e1 na Windows a na KDE v s\u00falade. Na KDE, treba poveda\u0165, nie n\u00e1hodou \u2014 tam je v z\u00e1klade t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia (do podrobnost\u00ed sa nebudem p\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165, ale m\u00f4\u017eete vyh\u013eada\u0165 \u201eQt\"). Pravda, aby na tej istej technol\u00f3gii vzniklo nie\u010do o nie\u010do r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a menej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 (aj ke\u010f so \u201emenej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm\u201c, s\u00fadiac pod\u013ea pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov, to moc nevy\u0161lo), bolo potrebn\u00e9 vymeni\u0165 kopu programov a komponentov ich anal\u00f3gmi, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dos\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 a preto by mali pracova\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. V\u00fdsledok, z jednej strany, je norm\u00e1lny, no z h\u013eadiska vizu\u00e1lneho dojmu \u2014 nie ve\u013emi.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nOldschoolov\u00e9 okn\u00e1 vo forme Windows 95. V skuto\u010dnosti sa daj\u00fa spravi\u0165 kraj\u0161ie, ale to si vy\u017eaduje trochu pr\u00e1ce.<\/i><\/p>\n

Xubuntu<\/h2>\n

\nXubuntu<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed relat\u00edvne \u201e\u013eahk\u00fd\u201c variant Ubuntu, ale s inou grafickou \u0161krupinkou. Grafick\u00e1 \u0161krupinka sa naz\u00fdva Xfce (ex-ef-ce!), a niekedy p\u00ed\u0161u, \u017ee je to jedno z naj\u0161kared\u0161\u00edch mien v Linuxe. V \u017earg\u00f3ne \u2014 \u201emy\u0161\u201c, preto\u017ee jej logo vyzer\u00e1 tak.<\/p>\n

\"Mnohostrann\u00e1
\nV \u013eavom hornom rohu m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 ikonu s tv\u00e1rou my\u0161i \u2014 to je logo grafickej \u0161krupinky. A aj hviezdi\u010dkami napravo, zd\u00e1 sa, tie\u017e nakreslili tv\u00e1r.<\/i><\/p>\n

Z h\u013eadiska vzh\u013eadu \u2014 nie\u010do medzi Windows, MacOS a osobitnou variantou. Vlastne, panel m\u00f4\u017eete \u013eahko posun\u00fa\u0165 dole, a potom to bude ako Windows. Z h\u013eadiska \u00faspornosti na zdroj\u00edch \u2014 ako Lubuntu. Celkovo je to naozaj dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9m, zachovan\u00fd v klasickom \u0161t\u00fdle \u2014 nie super-modern\u00fd, ale \u00faplne vhodn\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu.<\/p>\n

Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n

\n\u017diadne z\u00e1very \u2013 iba \u010disto subjekt\u00edvny pocit. Samozrejme, existuje ve\u013ea technick\u00fdch nuanci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1visia od toho, ak\u00e9 programy chcete pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a do akej miery ste ochotn\u00ed zab\u0155dnu\u0165 do nastaven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. M\u00f4j osobn\u00fd rebr\u00ed\u010dek by teda mohol vyzera\u0165 takto.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kubuntu<\/li>\n
  2. Xubuntu<\/li>\n
  3. Ubuntu<\/li>\n
  4. Ubuntu MATE<\/li>\n
  5. Ubuntu-Badji<\/li>\n
  6. Lubuntu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nAk sa sna\u017e\u00edte ne\u00fanavne spoji\u0165 tento rebr\u00ed\u010dek s obsahom \u010dl\u00e1nku a pochopi\u0165, pre\u010do tak \u2013 neopakujte to. Ak nevid\u00edte logiku \u2013 \u00e1no, m\u00e1te pravdu, pravdepodobne tu nie je. Hovor\u00edm \u2013 je to subjekt\u00edvne. Spome\u0148te si na obr\u00e1zok o Windows z \u00favodu \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

    No nezab\u00fadajme, \u017ee distrib\u00faci\u00ed Linuxu s\u00fa stovky. Tak\u017ee, mo\u017eno z\u00e1ver \u2013 \"v\u00f4bec nie Ubuntu, iba drsn\u00fd rusk\u00fd Alt-Linux.<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.
    \n
    Zdroj:     habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Ubuntu Linux 20.04 \u0438 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, glibc, snapd \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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