{"id":94574,"date":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdber architektonick\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu (\u010das\u0165 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj, Habr. Dnes pokra\u010dujem v s\u00e9rii pr\u00edspevkov, ktor\u00fa som nap\u00edsal \u0161peci\u00e1lne pri spusten\u00ed nov\u00e9ho kurzu. \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

\nV\u00fdber architektonick\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu je jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed pri budovan\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V tejto s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nkov navrhujem presk\u00fama\u0165 najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie architektonick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdly aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a zodpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku, ktor\u00fd architektonick\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl je najpreferovanej\u0161\u00ed. Po\u010das vysvet\u013eovania sa pok\u00fasim vytvori\u0165 logick\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vysvet\u013euje v\u00fdvoj architektonick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fdlov od monolitov po mikroslu\u017eby. <\/p>\n

V minul\u00fdkr\u00e1t<\/a><\/noindex> Pre\u0161li sme si monolitom a dospeli sme k tomu, \u017ee monolit m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my: ve\u013ekos\u0165, prepojenos\u0165, nasadenie, \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165, spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a rigidnos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t navrhujem hovori\u0165 o mo\u017enostiach organiz\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu vo forme s\u00faboru modulov\/kni\u017en\u00edc (architekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na komponenty) alebo slu\u017eieb (architekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na slu\u017eby).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Architekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na komponenty<\/h2>\n

\nArchitekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na komponenty predpoklad\u00e1 vykon\u00e1vanie syst\u00e9mu vo forme s\u00faboru komponentov, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako v s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch, tak aj v bud\u00facich projektoch. Pri rozdelen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu na komponenty sa zoh\u013ead\u0148uje: vhodnos\u0165 na op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie, zamie\u0148ate\u013enos\u0165, nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 od kontextu, roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013enos\u0165, enkapsul\u00e1ciu a nez\u00e1vislos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pri spr\u00e1vnom vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed komponentov sa rie\u0161i probl\u00e9m \"ve\u013ek\u00e9ho pr\u00edvalu neporiadku\" (ve\u013ek\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 + vysok\u00e1 prepojenos\u0165), pri\u010dom samotn\u00e9 komponenty m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 ako jednotky zostavenia (moduly, kni\u017enice), tak aj jednotky nasadenia (slu\u017eby). Jednotky nasadenia sa nemus\u00ed v\u017edy zhodova\u0165 s vykon\u00e1van\u00fdm procesom: napr\u00edklad, webov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia a datab\u00e1za sa nasadzuj\u00fa spolo\u010dne. <\/p>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa monolity vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa vo forme s\u00faboru modulov. Tento pr\u00edstup zabezpe\u010duje nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 v\u00fdvoja, ale pritom pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa probl\u00e9my nez\u00e1vislej \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enosti a nasadenia, odolnosti vo\u010di chyb\u00e1m a nez\u00e1vislosti od spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho stacku. Preto sa modul pova\u017euje za \u010diasto\u010dne nez\u00e1visl\u00fa komponentu.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom tak\u00e9ho monolitu je to, \u017ee rozdelenie na moduly je \u010disto logick\u00e9 a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u013eahko poru\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi. M\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 modul core, ktor\u00fd sa postupne men\u00ed na neporiadok, m\u00f4\u017ee r\u00e1s\u0165 graf z\u00e1vislost\u00ed medzi modulmi a tak \u010falej. Na predch\u00e1dzanie tak\u00fdmto probl\u00e9mom by mala v\u00fdvoj vykon\u00e1va\u0165 bu\u010f ve\u013emi zrel\u00e1 t\u00edm, alebo pod veden\u00edm \"architekta\", ktor\u00fd sa na pln\u00fd \u00fav\u00e4zok venuje kontrole k\u00f3du a upozor\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed poru\u0161uj\u00fa logick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru. <\/p>\n

\u201eIde\u00e1lny\u201c monolit predstavuje s\u00fabor logicky oddelen\u00fdch modulov, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd sa pozer\u00e1 na svoju datab\u00e1zu.<\/p>\n

Architekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na slu\u017eby<\/h2>\n

\nAk sa predpoklad\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mu ako s\u00faboru slu\u017eieb, hovor\u00edme o architekt\u00fare orientovanej na slu\u017eby. Jej princ\u00edpy s\u00fa: kompatibilita aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed orientovan\u00fdch na pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, opakovan\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie biznis slu\u017eieb, nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 od technol\u00f3gie a auton\u00f3mnos\u0165 (nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 evol\u00facia, \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 a nasadzovanie).<\/p>\n

Architekt\u00fara orientovan\u00e1 na slu\u017eby (SOA = service oriented architecture) rie\u0161i v\u0161etky ozna\u010den\u00e9 probl\u00e9my monolitu: pri zmene sa zasahuje len do jednej slu\u017eby a jasne definovan\u00e9 API podporuje dobr\u00fa enkapsul\u00e1ciu komponentov. <\/p>\n

Ale nie v\u0161etko je tak jednoduch\u00e9: SOA vedie k vzniku nov\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Vzdialen\u00e9 volania s\u00fa drah\u0161ie ako lok\u00e1lne a preradenie povinnost\u00ed medzi komponentmi sa stalo podstatne drah\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Mimochodom, mo\u017enos\u0165 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho nasadzovania je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou slu\u017eby. Ak sa slu\u017eby musia nasadzova\u0165 spolo\u010dne alebo, dokonca, v ur\u010ditej vz\u00e1jomnej postupnosti, syst\u00e9m nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pova\u017eovan\u00fd za orientovan\u00fd na slu\u017eby. V takom pr\u00edpade sa hovor\u00ed o distribuovanom monolite (pova\u017euje sa za antipattern nielen z poh\u013eadu SOA, ale aj mikroservisnej architekt\u00fary). <\/p>\n

Architekt\u00faru orientovan\u00fa na slu\u017eby podporuje architektonick\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo a dod\u00e1vatelia. Odtia\u013e poch\u00e1dza mno\u017estvo kurzov a certifik\u00e1ci\u00ed, dobre spracovan\u00fdch vzorov. Medzi posledn\u00fdmi je napr\u00edklad nie bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e1 podnikov\u00e1 slu\u017eobn\u00e1 zbernica (ESB = enterprise service bus). Pri tom ESB je to bremeno od dod\u00e1vate\u013eov, nemus\u00ed sa nutne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v SOA.<\/p>\n

Vrchol popularity architekt\u00fary orientovanej na slu\u017eby nastal pribli\u017ene v roku 2008, po \u010dom nastal pokles, ktor\u00fd sa stal podstatne prud\u0161\u00edm po vzniku mikroservisov (~2015).<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n

\nPo diskusii o mo\u017enostiach organiz\u00e1cie informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov vo forme slu\u017eieb a modulov navrhujem prejs\u0165 k princ\u00edpom mikroservisnej architekt\u00fary a venova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 rozdielom medzi mikroservisnou architekt\u00farou a architekt\u00farou orientovanou na slu\u017eby v nasleduj\u00facej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdber<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Dnes pokra\u010dujem v s\u00e9rii publik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fa som nap\u00edsal \u0161peci\u00e1lne pre \u0161tart nov\u00e9ho kurzu \u201eSoftware Architect\u201c.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"94574","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:24:26","updated":"2022-10-03 07:40:49","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}