{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat vyv\u00edja nov\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m NVFS, efekt\u00edvny pre NVM pam\u00e4\u0165.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, jeden z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov LVM a autor nieko\u013ek\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezov<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00favisiacich s optimaliz\u00e1ciou pr\u00e1ce so syst\u00e9mami ukladania, pracuj\u00faci v spolo\u010dnosti Red Hat, predstavil<\/a><\/noindex> na mailing liste v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov jadra Linux predstavil nov\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, zameran\u00fd na vytvorenie kompaktn\u00e9ho a r\u00fdchleho FS pre \u010dipy energie nez\u00e1vislej pam\u00e4te (NVM, non-volatile memory, napr\u00edklad NVDIMM), ktor\u00fd kombinuje v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 RAM s mo\u017enos\u0165ou trval\u00e9ho ukladania obsahu. <\/p>\n

Pri v\u00fdvoji NVFS bol zoh\u013eadnen\u00fd sk\u00fasenosti zo s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd bol vytvoren\u00fd v roku 2017 \u0161peci\u00e1lne pre NVM pam\u00e4\u0165, no nebol prijat\u00fd do jadra Linux a bol obmedzen\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> podporou jadier Linux od verzie 4.13 do 5.1.
\nNavrhnut\u00fd FS NVFS je v\u00fdrazne jednoduch\u0161\u00ed ako NOVA (4972 riadkov k\u00f3du oproti 21459), poskytuje n\u00e1stroj fsck, m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu v\u00fdkon, podporuje roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 atrib\u00faty (xattrs), bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 zna\u010dky, ACL a kv\u00f3ty, ale nepodporuje snapshoty. Architekt\u00fara<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS je bl\u00edzka
\ns\u00faborov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu Ext4 a dobre sa integruje do modelu s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na b\u00e1ze subsyst\u00e9mu VFS, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje minimalizova\u0165 po\u010det vrstiev a zaob\u00eds\u0165 sa modulom, ktor\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje vkladanie patchov do jadra.<\/p>\n

NVFS vyu\u017e\u00edva rozhranie jadra DAX<\/a><\/noindex> na priamy pr\u00edstup k zariadeniam trvalej pam\u00e4te mimo str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache. Na optimaliz\u00e1ciu pr\u00e1ce s NVM pam\u00e4\u0165ou, v ktorej sa pou\u017e\u00edva bajtov\u00e1 adres\u00e1cia, sa obsah \u00falo\u017eiska mapuje do line\u00e1rneho adresn\u00e9ho priestoru jadra bez tradi\u010dnej \u00farovne blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a medzilehl\u00e9ho cache. Na ulo\u017eenie obsahu adres\u00e1rov sa pou\u017e\u00edva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 stromov\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> (radix tree), v ktorom je ka\u017ed\u00e9 meno s\u00faboru hashovan\u00e9 a hodnota hashu sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed v strome.<\/p>\n

integrity d\u00e1t je zabezpe\u010dovan\u00e1 pomocou mechanizmu \u201esoft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c (ako v UFS z FreeBSD a vo FFS z OpenBSD) bez pou\u017eitia \u017eurnaliz\u00e1cie. Na vyl\u00fa\u010denie po\u0161kodenia s\u00faborov v NVFS sa oper\u00e1cie zmeny d\u00e1t skupinuj\u00fa tak, \u017ee p\u00e1d nem\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k strate blokov alebo inode, a integrita \u0161trukt\u00far sa obnovuje pomocou utilitky fsck. Utilitka fsck pracuje v multithread re\u017eime a zabezpe\u010duje v\u00fdkon na \u00farovni presk\u00famania 1,6 mili\u00f3na inode za sekundu.<\/p>\n

V testoch v\u00fdkonu.<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS vykonala oper\u00e1ciu kop\u00edrovania stromu s p\u00f4vodn\u00fdmi textami jadra Linux na NVM pam\u00e4ti pribli\u017ene o 10 % r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako NOVA, o 30 % r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako ext4 a o 37 % r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako XFS. V teste na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie d\u00e1t bola FS NVFS r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia ako NOVA o 3 %, a ext4 a XFS o 15 % (av\u0161ak pri akt\u00edvnom disku bola NOVA pomal\u0161ia o 15 %).
\nV teste na mili\u00f3n oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s adres\u00e1rmi NVFS predbehla NOVA o 40 %, ext4 o 22 %, a XFS o 46 %. Pri simul\u00e1cii aktivity DBMS bola s\u00faborov\u00e1 syst\u00e9m NVFS r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia ako NOVA o 20 %, ext4 18-kr\u00e1t a XFS 5-kr\u00e1t. V teste fs_mark boli v\u00fdsledky NVFS a NOVA na pribli\u017ene rovnakej \u00farovni, zatia\u013e \u010do ext4 a XFS zaostali pribli\u017ene 3-kr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Zaost\u00e1vanie tradi\u010dn\u00fdch FS na NVM pam\u00e4ti je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee nie s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na bajtov\u00fa adres\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v nepam\u00e4\u0165ovej pam\u00e4ti, ktor\u00e1 sa spr\u00e1va ako be\u017en\u00e1 RAM. \u010c\u00edtanie z be\u017en\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed zabezpe\u010duje atomickos\u0165 oper\u00e1ci\u00ed na \u00farovni \u010d\u00edtania\/z\u00e1pisu sektora, zatia\u013e \u010do NVM pam\u00e4\u0165 poskytuje pr\u00edstup na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch strojov\u00fdch slov. Okrem toho tradi\u010dn\u00e9 FS sa sna\u017eia zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 intenzitu pr\u00edstupu na nosi\u010d, ktor\u00fd sa pova\u017euje za nevyhnutne pomal\u0161\u00ed ako opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165, a sna\u017eia sa zoskupova\u0165 oper\u00e1cie na zabezpe\u010denie sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania pri pou\u017eit\u00ed pevn\u00fdch diskov, spravova\u0165 fronty po\u017eiadaviek, bojova\u0165 s fragment\u00e1ciou a deli\u0165 priority vykon\u00e1vania r\u00f4znych oper\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pre NVM pam\u00e4\u0165 s\u00fa tak\u00e9to komplik\u00e1cie nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9, preto\u017ee r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00edstupu k d\u00e1tam je porovnate\u013en\u00e1 s RAM, a poradov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie nie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Red Hat vyv\u00edja nov\u00fa FS NVFS, efekt\u00edvnu pre NVM pam\u00e4\u0165 | ProHoster","description":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, jeden z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov LVM a autor viacer\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa 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