{"id":96089,"date":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii"},"modified":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","slug":"gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","title":{"rendered":"GitOps: \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dny term\u00edn alebo prielom v automatiz\u00e1cii?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dny term\u00edn alebo prielom v automatiz\u00e1cii?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e42c60efdb714359314bcb597a7132e4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s, ke\u010f si v\u0161imne \u010fal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd pojem v IT blogosf\u00e9re alebo na konferencii, sa sk\u00f4r \u010di nesk\u00f4r za\u010d\u00edta do podobnej ot\u00e1zky: \u201e\u010co to je? Nov\u00e9 m\u00f3dne slovo, 'buzzword', alebo naozaj nie\u010do, \u010do stoj\u00ed za pozornos\u0165, \u0161t\u00fadium a s\u013eubuje nov\u00e9 horizonty?\u201c Takto to pri\u0161lo aj mne s pojmom <em>GitOps<\/em> pred nejak\u00fdm \u010dasom. Ozbrojen\u00fd mno\u017estvom u\u017e existuj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkov, ako aj vedomos\u0165ami kolegov z firmy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex>, som sa pok\u00fasil rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165, \u010do to vlastne je, a ako m\u00f4\u017ee jeho aplik\u00e1cia vyzera\u0165 v praxi.<\/p>\n<p>Mimochodom, o novosti tohto pojmu <em>GitOps<\/em> sved\u010d\u00ed aj ned\u00e1vny prieskum, ktor\u00fd sme uskuto\u010dnili: viac ako polovica respondentov e\u0161te neza\u010dala pracova\u0165 s jeho princ\u00edpmi.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/embedd.srv.habr.com\/iframe\/5f7c326d51ad1fc9585b089c\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee probl\u00e9m s riaden\u00edm infra\u0161trukt\u00fary nie je nov\u00fd. Mno\u017estvo poskytovate\u013eov cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb je u\u017e viac ako desa\u0165 rokov k dispoz\u00edcii \u0161irokej verejnosti a zdalo by sa, \u017ee by mali zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 pr\u00e1cu t\u00edmov zodpovedn\u00fdch za infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. Av\u0161ak pri porovnan\u00ed s procesom v\u00fdvoja aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (kde \u00farove\u0148 automatiz\u00e1cie dosahuje st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 horizonty) s\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00farne projekty st\u00e1le \u010dastokr\u00e1t spojen\u00e9 s mnoh\u00fdmi \u00falohami vykon\u00e1van\u00fdmi ru\u010dne a vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si \u0161peci\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti a odborn\u00edkov, najm\u00e4 vzh\u013eadom na s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na odolnos\u0165, flexibilitu, \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 a elasticitu.<\/p>\n<p>Cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u00faspe\u0161ne splnili tieto po\u017eiadavky a pr\u00e1ve oni dali v\u00fdznamn\u00fd impulz rozvoju pr\u00edstupu <em>IaC<\/em>. A to je pochopite\u013en\u00e9. Ve\u010f oni umo\u017enili plne konfigurova\u0165 virtu\u00e1lne centrum spr\u00e1vy \u00fadajov: \u017eiadne fyzick\u00e9 servery, policov\u00e9 jednotky, sie\u0165ov\u00e9 komponenty, cel\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru je mo\u017en\u00e9 op\u00edsa\u0165 pomocou skriptov a konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00faborov.<\/p>\n<p>Tak v \u010dom spo\u010d\u00edva rozdiel <em>GitOps<\/em> od <em>IaC<\/em>? \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>GitOps<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IaC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd k\u00f3d je ulo\u017een\u00fd v git repo<\/p>\n<p>Verzovanie k\u00f3du nie je povinn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Deklarat\u00edvny popis k\u00f3du \/ Idempotencia<\/p>\n<p>Povolen\u00e9 s\u00fa ako deklarat\u00edvne, tak aj imperat\u00edvne popisy <\/p>\n<p>Zmeny nadob\u00fadaj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pomocou mechanizmov Merge Request \/ Pull Request <\/p>\n<p>S\u00fahlas, schva\u013eovanie a spolupr\u00e1ca nie s\u00fa povinn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Proces nasadzovania aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed je automatizovan\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Proces nasadzovania aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed nie je normovan\u00fd (automatick\u00fd, manu\u00e1lny, kop\u00edrovanie s\u00faborov, pomocou pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadka at\u010f.)<\/p>\n<p>In\u00fdmi slovami <em>GitOps<\/em> sa objavil pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka aplik\u00e1cii princ\u00edpov <em>IaC<\/em>. Po prv\u00e9, infra\u0161trukt\u00faru a konfigur\u00e1cie bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 uchov\u00e1va\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako aplik\u00e1cie. K\u00f3d sa \u013eahko uchov\u00e1va, zdie\u013ea, porovn\u00e1va a vyu\u017e\u00edva mo\u017enosti verziovania. Verzie, vetvy, hist\u00f3ria. A to v\u0161etko na verejnom mieste pr\u00edstupnom pre cel\u00fd t\u00edm. Preto sa pou\u017e\u00edvanie syst\u00e9mov spr\u00e1vy verzi\u00ed stalo logick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm git, ako najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhej strane sa objavila mo\u017enos\u0165 automatizova\u0165 procesy spr\u00e1vy infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Teraz to mo\u017eno urobi\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie a lacnej\u0161ie. Najm\u00e4 princ\u00edpy CI \/ CD u\u017e boli zn\u00e1me a popul\u00e1rne medzi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi softv\u00e9ru. Bolo potrebn\u00e9 len prenies\u0165 a aplikova\u0165 u\u017e zn\u00e1me znalosti a zru\u010dnosti na nov\u00fa oblas\u0165. Tieto praktiky v\u0161ak presahovali r\u00e1mec \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho definovania Infra\u0161trukt\u00fary ako k\u00f3du, odkia\u013e sa zrodil pojem. <em>GitOps<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dny term\u00edn alebo prielom v automatiz\u00e1cii?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/aadc2dede7df79dd439ba2cd2b269268.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zvedavos\u0165 <em>GitOps<\/em>, samozrejme, spo\u010d\u00edva aj v tom, \u017ee nejde o produkt, plugin alebo platformu spojen\u00fa s ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek dod\u00e1vate\u013emi. Ide sk\u00f4r o paradigmu a s\u00fabor princ\u00edpov, podobne ako in\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd n\u00e1m term\u00edn: DevOps.<\/p>\n<p>Vo firme <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex> sme vypracovali dve defin\u00edcie tohto nov\u00e9ho term\u00ednu: teoretick\u00fa a praktick\u00fa. Za\u010dnime teoretickou:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>GitOps \u2014 je metodol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva pokro\u010dil\u00e9 princ\u00edpy DevOps pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pri v\u00fdvoji aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa verzionovanie, spolupr\u00e1ca, schva\u013eovanie, CI\/CD, a aplikuje ich na rie\u0161enie \u00faloh automatiz\u00e1cie spr\u00e1vy infra\u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>V\u0161etky procesy <em>GitOps<\/em> pracujem s pou\u017eit\u00edm u\u017e existuj\u00facich n\u00e1strojov. V\u0161etok infra\u0161trukt\u00farny k\u00f3d je ulo\u017een\u00fd v u\u017e zn\u00e1mej git repo, zmeny prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa rovnak\u00fdm procesom schv\u00e1lenia ako ak\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd programov\u00fd k\u00f3d a proces nasadenia je automatizovan\u00fd, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje minimalizova\u0165 chyby \u013eudsk\u00e9ho faktora, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a reprodukovate\u013enos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Z praktick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska popisujeme <em>GitOps<\/em> nasledovne:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dny term\u00edn alebo prielom v automatiz\u00e1cii?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/899036066a7c3f48d3b2077b3898c2a8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Infra\u0161trukt\u00faru ako k\u00f3d sme u\u017e prediskutovali ako jednu z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed tejto formule. Predstavme si ostatn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p>Merge Request (alternat\u00edvny n\u00e1zov Pull Request). Z poh\u013eadu procesu MR \u2014 je to \u017eiados\u0165 o aplik\u00e1ciu zmien k\u00f3du a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010denie vetiev. Z poh\u013eadu n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame \u2014 je to sk\u00f4r pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na z\u00edskanie komplexn\u00e9ho preh\u013eadu v\u0161etk\u00fdch vykonan\u00fdch zmien: nielen code diff, zostaven\u00fd z nejak\u00e9ho mno\u017estva commitov, ale aj kontext, v\u00fdsledky testov, kone\u010dn\u00fd o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdsledok. Ak hovor\u00edme o infra\u0161truktur\u00e1lnom k\u00f3de, zauj\u00edma n\u00e1s, ako konkr\u00e9tne sa zmen\u00ed infra\u0161trukt\u00fara, ko\u013eko nov\u00fdch zdrojov bude pridan\u00fdch alebo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch, zmenen\u00fdch. Bolo by dobr\u00e9 ma\u0165 to v nejakom pohodlnej\u0161om a \u013eahko \u010ditate\u013enom form\u00e1te. V pr\u00edpade cloudov\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov by nebolo zl\u00e9 vedie\u0165, ak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky to zmeny bude ma\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Ale MR \u2014 je to aj prostriedok spolupr\u00e1ce, interakcie, komunik\u00e1cie. To miesto, kde vstupuje do platnosti syst\u00e9m kontrol a vyv\u00e1\u017eenia. Od jednoduch\u00fdch koment\u00e1rov po form\u00e1lne schv\u00e1lenia a potvrdenia.<\/p>\n<p>A posledn\u00e1 zlo\u017eka: CI\/CD, ako u\u017e vieme, umo\u017e\u0148uje automatizova\u0165 proces zav\u00e1dzania infra\u0161trukt\u00farnych zmien, testovania (od jednoduch\u00e9ho kontrolovania syntaxe po zlo\u017eitej\u0161iu statick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu k\u00f3du). A tie\u017e n\u00e1sledne odha\u013eovanie driftu: rozdiely medzi skuto\u010dn\u00fdm a po\u017eadovan\u00fdm stavom syst\u00e9mu. Napr\u00edklad v d\u00f4sledku nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch manu\u00e1lnych zmien alebo zlyhania syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1no, tento term\u00edn <em>GitOps<\/em> n\u00e1s nijako nezozn\u00e1mi s ni\u010d\u00edm \u00faplne nov\u00fdm, nevynaliezaj\u00fa koleso, ale len aplikuje u\u017e nazbieran\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti v novej oblasti. Ale v tom spo\u010d\u00edva jeho sila.<\/p>\n<p>A ak sa v\u00e1m n\u00e1hodou stane zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, ako to v\u0161etko vyzer\u00e1 v praxi, poz\u00fdvam v\u00e1s pozrie\u0165 si n\u00e1\u0161 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ\">masterclass<\/a><\/noindex>, v ktorom krok za krokom ukazujem, ako pomocou GitLab:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Implementova\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy GitOps<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a zav\u00e1dza\u0165 zmeny do cloudovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary (na pr\u00edklade Yandex Cloud)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Automatizova\u0165 odha\u013eovanie driftu syst\u00e9mu od po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho stavu pomocou akt\u00edvneho monitorovania<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00f3dny term\u00edn alebo prielom v automatiz\u00e1cii?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7e9b9d0ffab214371578edbb56e209be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/blog\/522236\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0432 IT \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c: \u201c\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u201cbuzzword\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b?\u201d \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c GitOps \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47GitOps: \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438? 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