{"id":96141,"date":"2020-10-08T19:42:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh"},"modified":"2020-10-08T19:42:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T17:42:37","slug":"promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/promyshlennye-tendenczii-v-oblasti-massovyh-sistem-hraneniya-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"Priemyslov\u00e9 trendy v oblasti mas\u00edvnych syst\u00e9mov ukladania \u00fadajov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dnes si povieme o tom, ako lep\u0161ie uklada\u0165 d\u00e1ta vo svete, kde siete piatej gener\u00e1cie, gen\u00f3mov\u00e9 skenery a bezpilotn\u00e9 automobily generuj\u00fa za de\u0148 viac \u00fadajov, ne\u017e cel\u00e9 \u013eudstvo vytvorilo od priemyselnej revol\u00facie.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 svet generuje \u010doraz viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Niektor\u00e1 z nich je do\u010dasn\u00e1 a str\u00e1ca sa rovnako r\u00fdchlo, ako sa zhroma\u017e\u010fuje. In\u00e9 \u00fadaje by sa mali uchov\u00e1va\u0165 dlh\u0161ie, a niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 \u201ena veky\u201c \u2014 aspo\u0148 tak to vyzer\u00e1 z poh\u013eadu s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Toky inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa hromadia v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch takou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, \u017ee ak\u00fdko\u013evek nov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ak\u00e1ko\u013evek technol\u00f3gia ur\u010den\u00e1 na uspokojenie tohto nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u201epopytu\u201c, r\u00fdchlo zastar\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

40 rokov v\u00fdvoja distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov<\/h2>\n

\nPrv\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 v n\u00e1m zn\u00e1mej podobe sa objavili v 80. rokoch. Mnoh\u00ed z v\u00e1s sa stretli s NFS (Network File System), AFS (Andrew File System) alebo Coda. Po desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed sa m\u00f3da a technol\u00f3gie zmenili, a distribuovan\u00e9 s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ust\u00fapili miestnym \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom zalo\u017een\u00fdm na GPFS (General Parallel File System), CFS (Clustered File Systems) a StorNext. Ako z\u00e1klad sa pou\u017e\u00edvali blokov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 klasickej architekt\u00fary, na ktor\u00fdch sa pomocou softv\u00e9rovej vrstvy vytvoril jeden s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Tieto a podobn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia sa st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa svoju niku a s\u00fa popt\u00e1van\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na prelome mil\u00e9nia sa paradigma distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk trochu zmenila a na popredn\u00e9 poz\u00edcie sa dostali syst\u00e9my s architekt\u00farou SN (Shared-Nothing). Pre\u0161lo sa od klastrov\u00e9ho ukladania k ukladaniu na samostatn\u00fdch uzloch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne klasick\u00fdmi servermi zabezpe\u010duj\u00facimi spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 softv\u00e9ry; na tak\u00fdchto princ\u00edpoch s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 napr\u00edklad HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) a GFS (Global File System).<\/p>\n

K\u00fdm sa pribl\u00ed\u017eil rok 2010, koncepty zakorenen\u00e9 v distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch ukladania sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie premietali do plnohodnotn\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00fdch produktov, ako s\u00fa VMware vSAN, Dell EMC Isilon a n\u00e1\u0161 Huawei OceanStor<\/a><\/noindex>. Za t\u00fdmito platformami u\u017e nestoj\u00ed len komunita nad\u0161encov, ale konkr\u00e9tni dod\u00e1vatelia, ktor\u00ed zodpovedaj\u00fa za funk\u010dnos\u0165, podporu, servis a zaru\u010duj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj produktu. Tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enia s\u00fa naj\u017eiadanej\u0161ie v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Prev\u00e1dzkovatelia komunik\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n

\nJedn\u00fdmi z najstar\u0161\u00edch u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov ukladania s\u00fa oper\u00e1tori telekomunika\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Na sch\u00e9me je zobrazen\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 skupiny aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed produkuj\u00fa hlavn\u00fd objem d\u00e1t. OSS (Syst\u00e9my podpory oper\u00e1ci\u00ed), MSS (Syst\u00e9my podpory mana\u017ementu) a BSS (Syst\u00e9my podpory podnikania) predstavuj\u00fa tri vz\u00e1jomne sa dopl\u0148uj\u00face softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 vrstvy potrebn\u00e9 na poskytovanie slu\u017eieb predplatite\u013eom, finan\u010dn\u00e9 vykazovanie providerovi a prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa podporu in\u017einierom oper\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n

\u010casto s\u00fa d\u00e1ta t\u00fdchto vrstiev medzi sebou silne premie\u0161an\u00e9, a aby sa predi\u0161lo hromadeniu zbyto\u010dn\u00fdch k\u00f3pi\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa pr\u00e1ve distribuovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 akumuluj\u00fa cel\u00fd objem inform\u00e1ci\u00ed prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich z funguj\u00facej siete. \u00dalo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa zl\u00fa\u010dia do spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho poolu, ku ktor\u00e9mu sa obracaj\u00fa v\u0161etky slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e v\u00fdpo\u010dty ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee prechod z klasick\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na blokov\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee u\u0161etri\u0165 a\u017e 70% rozpo\u010dtu len t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa upust\u00ed od vyhraden\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov triedy hi-end a pou\u017eij\u00fa sa be\u017en\u00e9 servery klasickej architekt\u00fary (zvy\u010dajne x86), pracuj\u00face v spojen\u00ed so \u0161pecializovan\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom. Mobiln\u00ed oper\u00e1tori u\u017e pomerne d\u00e1vno za\u010dali tieto rie\u0161enia nakupova\u0165 vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch objemoch. Mimochodom, rusk\u00ed oper\u00e1tori pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tak\u00e9to produkty od Huawei u\u017e viac ako \u0161es\u0165 rokov.<\/p>\n

\u00c1no, niektor\u00e9 \u00falohy s pomocou distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov sa nedaj\u00fa splni\u0165. Napr\u00edklad pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na v\u00fdkon alebo kompatibilitu so star\u00fdmi protokolmi. Ale najmenej 70% d\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9 oper\u00e1tor spracov\u00e1va, sa celkom d\u00e1 umiestni\u0165 do distribuovan\u00e9ho poolu.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Bankov\u00fd sektor<\/h2>\n

\nV ka\u017edej banke existuje mno\u017estvo r\u00f4znorod\u00fdch IT syst\u00e9mov, po\u010dn\u00fac spracovan\u00edm a kon\u010diac automatizovan\u00fdm bankov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. T\u00e1to infra\u0161trukt\u00fara tie\u017e pracuje s obrovsk\u00fdm objemom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, pri\u010dom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u00faloh si nevy\u017eaduje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 syst\u00e9mov ukladania, ako napr\u00edklad v\u00fdvoj, testovanie, automatiz\u00e1cia kancel\u00e1rskych procesov a podobne. Pou\u017eitie klasick\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov je tu mo\u017en\u00e9, ale s ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom je to \u010doraz menej v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. Okrem toho v tomto pr\u00edpade ch\u00fdba flexibilita vyu\u017e\u00edvania zdrojov \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdkon sa po\u010d\u00edta na z\u00e1klade vrcholov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia.<\/p>\n

Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov ukladania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ich uzly, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vlastne be\u017en\u00e9 servery, kedyko\u013evek konvertovan\u00e9, napr\u00edklad na serverov\u00fa farmu a pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 platforma.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Jazera d\u00e1t<\/h2>\n

\nNa sch\u00e9me vy\u0161\u0161ie je uveden\u00fd zoznam typick\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov slu\u017eieb data lake<\/a><\/noindex>. M\u00f4\u017eu to by\u0165 slu\u017eby elektronickej vl\u00e1dy (napr\u00edklad \u00ab\u0160t\u00e1tne slu\u017eby\u00bb), ktor\u00e9 pre\u0161li digitaliz\u00e1ciou podniku, finan\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary a in\u00e9. V\u0161etci potrebuj\u00fa pracova\u0165 s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi objemami heterog\u00e9nnych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Prev\u00e1dzka klasick\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk d\u00e1t na rie\u0161enie tak\u00fdchto \u00faloh nie je efekt\u00edvna, preto\u017ee je potrebn\u00fd a vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k blokov\u00fdm datab\u00e1zam, ako aj be\u017en\u00fd pr\u00edstup k kni\u017eniciam skenovan\u00fdch dokumentov ulo\u017een\u00fdch vo forme objektov. Sem m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pripojen\u00fd napr\u00edklad syst\u00e9m objedn\u00e1vok cez webov\u00fd port\u00e1l. Aby sa to v\u0161etko realizovalo na platforme klasick\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska d\u00e1t, bude potrebn\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd s\u00fabor hardv\u00e9ru na r\u00f4zne \u00falohy. Jedna horizont\u00e1lna univerz\u00e1lna syst\u00e9m ukladania m\u00f4\u017ee pokry\u0165 v\u0161etky predt\u00fdm uveden\u00e9 \u00falohy: sta\u010d\u00ed vytvori\u0165 v nej nieko\u013eko zoskupen\u00ed s r\u00f4znymi charakteristikami ukladania.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1tory novej inform\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n

\nMno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch vo svete rastie pribli\u017ene o 30 % ro\u010dne. To s\u00fa dobr\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy pre dod\u00e1vate\u013eov syst\u00e9mov ukladania, ale \u010do je a bude hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom t\u00fdchto \u00fadajov?<\/p>\n

Pred desiatimi rokmi sa tak\u00fdmi gener\u00e1tormi stali soci\u00e1lne siete, \u010do si vy\u017eiadalo vytvorenie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva nov\u00fdch algoritmov, hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed at\u010f. Teraz sa vyzdvihuj\u00fa tri hlavn\u00e9 faktory rastu objemov ukladania. Prv\u00fd je cloud computing. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pribli\u017ene 70 % spolo\u010dnost\u00ed tak alebo onak vyu\u017e\u00edva cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. M\u00f4\u017eu to by\u0165 elektronick\u00e9 po\u0161tov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, z\u00e1lohy a in\u00e9 virtualizovan\u00e9 entity.
\nDruh\u00fdm faktorom sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa siete piatej gener\u00e1cie. To s\u00fa nov\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti a nov\u00e9 objemy prenosu d\u00e1t. Pod\u013ea na\u0161ich predpoved\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie 5G povedie k poklesu dopytu po pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch. Ko\u013eko pam\u00e4te by nebolo v telef\u00f3ne, v\u017edy sa minie, a pri existencii v zariaden\u00ed 100-megabitov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la nie je potrebn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1va\u0165 fotografie lok\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n

K tretej skupine d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do rastie dopyt po syst\u00e9moch ukladania, patr\u00ed prudk\u00fd rozvoj umelej inteligencie, prechod na anal\u00fdzu ve\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00e1t a trend na v\u0161eobecn\u00fa automatiz\u00e1ciu v\u0161etk\u00e9ho, \u010do len ide.<\/p>\n

\u0160pecifickos\u0165 \u201enov\u00e9ho toku\u201c spo\u010d\u00edva v jeho ne\u0161trukt\u00farovanosti<\/a><\/noindex>. Mus\u00edme uchov\u00e1va\u0165 tieto d\u00e1ta, bez toho, aby sme ur\u010dovali ich form\u00e1t. Ten je potrebn\u00fd len pri n\u00e1slednom \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad, banka, ktor\u00e1 hodnot\u00ed va\u0161u schopnos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 \u00faver, bude posudzova\u0165 va\u0161e fotografie zverejnen\u00e9 na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, aby ur\u010dila, ako \u010dasto nav\u0161tevujete more a re\u0161taur\u00e1cie, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude analyzova\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 v\u00fdpisy z va\u0161ich zdravotn\u00fdch dokumentov. Tieto d\u00e1ta s\u00fa z jednej strany komplexn\u00e9, a z druhej strany, postr\u00e1daj\u00fa jednotnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1n ne\u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t<\/h2>\n

\nAk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a objav \u201enov\u00fdch d\u00e1t\u201c? Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm z nich je samozrejme samotn\u00fd objem inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 doby ich uchov\u00e1vania. Modern\u00e9 auton\u00f3mne vozidlo bez vodi\u010da ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 generuje a\u017e 60 TB d\u00e1t zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch svojich senzorov a mechanizmov. Na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch algoritmov pohybu je potrebn\u00e9 tieto inform\u00e1cie spracova\u0165 v priebehu t\u00fdch ist\u00fdch 24 hod\u00edn, inak sa za\u010dn\u00fa hromadi\u0165. Musia sa pritom uklada\u0165 ve\u013emi dlho \u2014 desiatky rokov. Iba tak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 v bud\u00facnosti robi\u0165 z\u00e1very na z\u00e1klade rozsiahlych analytick\u00fdch s\u00faborov.<\/p>\n

Jedno zariadenie na de\u0161ifrovanie genetick\u00fdch sekvenci\u00ed produkuje pribli\u017ene 6 TB denne. A d\u00e1ta zozbieran\u00e9 jeho pomocou si v z\u00e1sade ani nepredpokladaj\u00fa vymazanie, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hypoteticky by mali by\u0165 uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 nav\u017edy.<\/p>\n

Nakoniec, rovnak\u00e9 siete piatej gener\u00e1cie. Okrem samotnej pren\u00e1\u0161anej inform\u00e1cie predstavuje tak\u00e1 sie\u0165 aj obrovsk\u00fd gener\u00e1tor d\u00e1t: z\u00e1znamy akci\u00ed, z\u00e1znamy hovorov, medzioperat\u00edvne v\u00fdsledky interakci\u00ed a in\u00e9. <\/p>\n

To v\u0161etko si vy\u017eaduje vytvorenie nov\u00fdch pr\u00edstupov a algoritmov na ukladanie a spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. A tak\u00e9to pr\u00edstupy sa objavuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gie novej \u00e9ry<\/h2>\n

\nM\u00f4\u017eeme vy\u010dleni\u0165 tri skupiny rie\u0161en\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 na zvl\u00e1dnutie nov\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek na syst\u00e9my ukladania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed: zavedenie umelej inteligencie, technick\u00e1 evol\u00facia d\u00e1tov\u00fdch nosi\u010dov a inov\u00e1cie v oblasti syst\u00e9movej architekt\u00fary. Za\u010dneme s AI.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nV nov\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach Huawei sa umel\u00e1 inteligencia u\u017e pou\u017e\u00edva na \u00farovni samotn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska, ktor\u00e9 je vybaven\u00e9 AI procesorom, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mu samostatne analyzova\u0165 svoj stav a predpoveda\u0165 poruchy. Ak sa \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pripoja k servisn\u00e9mu cloudu s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdmi schopnos\u0165ami, umel\u00e1 inteligencia dok\u00e1\u017ee spracova\u0165 viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 presnos\u0165 svojich hypot\u00e9z.<\/p>\n

Okrem por\u00fach dok\u00e1\u017ee tak\u00e1to umel\u00e1 inteligencia predpoveda\u0165 bud\u00facu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e a \u010das, ktor\u00fd zost\u00e1va do vy\u010derpania kapacity. To umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizova\u0165 v\u00fdkon a \u0161k\u00e1lova\u0165 syst\u00e9m e\u0161te pred pr\u00edchodom ak\u00fdchko\u013evek ne\u017eiaducich udalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nTeraz k evol\u00facii \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Prv\u00e9 flash pam\u00e4te boli vyroben\u00e9 technol\u00f3giou SLC (Single-Level Cell). Zariadenia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tejto technol\u00f3gii boli r\u00fdchle, spo\u013eahliv\u00e9, stabiln\u00e9, ale mali mal\u00fa kapacitu a boli ve\u013emi drah\u00e9. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie objemu a zn\u00ed\u017eenie ceny sa podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom ur\u010dit\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u00fastupkov, ktor\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eili r\u00fdchlos\u0165, spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165 \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk. Napriek tomu trend neovplyvnil samotn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u010faka r\u00f4znym architektonick\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezom stali celkovo v\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00edmi a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Ale pre\u010do boli potrebn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my triedy All-Flash? Nebolo by sta\u010dilo jednoducho vymeni\u0165 star\u00e9 HDD v u\u017e prev\u00e1dzkovanom syst\u00e9me za nov\u00e9 SSD toho ist\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu? Potrebovali sa, aby sa efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017eili v\u0161etky zdroje nov\u00fdch pevn\u00e9 diskov, \u010do v star\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch nebolo proste mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Huawei napr\u00edklad na vyrie\u0161enie tejto \u00falohy vyvinula rad technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, jednou z ktor\u00fdch je FlashLink<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila maxim\u00e1lne optimalizova\u0165 interakcie \u201edisk \u2013 kontrol\u00e9r\u201c. <\/p>\n

Inteligentn\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia umo\u017enila rozdeli\u0165 d\u00e1ta na nieko\u013eko pr\u00fadov a vysporiada\u0165 sa s mno\u017estvom ne\u017eiaducich javov, ako je WA<\/a><\/noindex> (write amplification). Spolu s t\u00fdm nov\u00e9 algoritmy obnovy, konkr\u00e9tne RAID 2.0+<\/a><\/noindex>, zv\u00fd\u0161ili r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rebuildovania, skr\u00e1tili jeho \u010das na \u00faplne nepatrn\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n

Porucha, preplnenos\u0165, \u201egarbage collection\u201c - tieto faktory u\u017e taktie\u017e nemaj\u00fa vplyv na v\u00fdkon \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v\u010faka \u0161peci\u00e1lnemu vylep\u0161eniu kontrol\u00e9rov.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nA okrem toho sa blokov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 pripravuj\u00fa na priv\u00edtanie NVMe<\/a><\/noindex>. Pripome\u0148me, \u017ee klasick\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma organiz\u00e1cie pr\u00edstupu k d\u00e1tam fungovala takto: procesor sa obracal na RAID ovl\u00e1da\u010d cez zbernicu PCI Express. Ten potom interagoval s mechanick\u00fdmi diskami pomocou SCSI alebo SAS. Pou\u017eit\u00edm NVMe na backendu sa cel\u00fd proces v\u00fdrazne zr\u00fdchlil, av\u0161ak mal jednu nev\u00fdhodu: \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 museli ma\u0165 priame pripojenie k procesoru, aby zabezpe\u010dili priamy pr\u00edstup do pam\u00e4te.<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00facou f\u00e1zou v\u00fdvoja technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00fa aktu\u00e1lne sledujeme, je nasadenie NVMe-oF (NVMe over Fabrics). Pokia\u013e ide o blokov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie Huawei, u\u017e teraz podporuj\u00fa FC-NVMe (NVMe over Fibre Channel), a NVMe over RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet) je na dosah. Testovacie modely s\u00fa plne funk\u010dn\u00e9, ofici\u00e1lnej prezent\u00e1cie sa do\u010dk\u00e1me za nieko\u013eko mesiacov. V\u0161imnime si, \u017ee toto v\u0161etko sa objav\u00ed aj v distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, kde bude \u201eEthernet bez str\u00e1t\u201c ve\u013emi \u017eiadan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\n\u010eal\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom optimaliz\u00e1cie prev\u00e1dzky distribuovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk je \u00fapln\u00fd vstup do zrkadlenia d\u00e1t. Rie\u0161enia Huawei u\u017e viac nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa n k\u00f3pi\u00ed, ako v tradi\u010dnom RAID 1, a \u00faplne prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na mechanizmus kontrol\u00e9ra<\/a><\/noindex> (Erasure coding). \u0160peci\u00e1lny matematick\u00fd bal\u00edk s ur\u010ditou periodicitou vypo\u010d\u00edtava kontroln\u00e9 bloky, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa obnovi\u0165 medzi\u010dasy v pr\u00edpade ich straty.<\/p>\n

Mechanizmy deduplik\u00e1cie a kompresie sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa povinn\u00fdmi. Ak sme v klasick\u00fdch SCSI obmedzen\u00ed po\u010dtom procesorov in\u0161talovan\u00fdch v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch, tak v distribuovan\u00fdch horizont\u00e1lne \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch ka\u017ed\u00fd uzol obsahuje v\u0161etko potrebn\u00e9: disky, pam\u00e4\u0165, procesory a interkonekt. Tieto zdroje s\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na to, aby deduplik\u00e1cia a kompresia mali minim\u00e1lny vplyv na v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n

A o hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch met\u00f3dach optimaliz\u00e1cie. Tu sa podarilo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na centr\u00e1lnych procesoroch pomocou dodato\u010dn\u00fdch dedikovan\u00fdch \u010dipov (alebo dedikovan\u00fdch blokov v samotnom procesore), ktor\u00e9 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00falohu TOE<\/a><\/noindex> (TCP\/IP Offload Engine) alebo preberaj\u00fa matematick\u00e9 \u00falohy EC, deduplik\u00e1ciu a kompresiu.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nNov\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy k uchov\u00e1vaniu d\u00e1t sa manifestuj\u00fa v dezeragovanej (distribuovanej) architekt\u00fare. V syst\u00e9moch centralizovan\u00e9ho ukladania existuje tov\u00e1re\u0148 serverov pripojen\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom Fibre Channel k SAN<\/a><\/noindex> s ve\u013ek\u00fdm mno\u017estvom pol\u00ed. Nev\u00fdhodami tak\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu s\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti so \u0161k\u00e1lovan\u00edm a zabezpe\u010den\u00edm garantovanej \u00farovne slu\u017eby (\u010do sa t\u00fdka v\u00fdkonu alebo latencie). Hyperkonvergovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 hostite\u013esk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u2014 ako na ukladanie, tak aj na spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. To poskytuje takmer neobmedzen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u0161k\u00e1lovania, ale prin\u00e1\u0161a vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na udr\u017eanie integrity d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od oboch vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch, dezeragovan\u00e1 architekt\u00fara predpoklad\u00e1 rozdelenie syst\u00e9mu na v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fa tov\u00e1re\u0148 a horizont\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m ukladania<\/b>. To zabezpe\u010duje v\u00fdhody oboch architekt\u00far a umo\u017e\u0148uje prakticky neobmedzen\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lovanie iba toho prvku, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdkon ch\u00fdba.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n

Od integr\u00e1cie po konvergenciu<\/h2>\n

\nKlasickou \u00falohou, ktorej relevantnos\u0165 v posledn\u00fdch 15 rokoch iba narastala, je potreba s\u00fa\u010dasne zabezpe\u010di\u0165 blokov\u00e9 ukladanie, s\u00faborov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, pr\u00edstup k objektom, prev\u00e1dzku farmy pre ve\u013ek\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a pod. \u010cere\u0161ni\u010dkou na torte m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr\u00edklad syst\u00e9m z\u00e1lohovania na magnetick\u00fa p\u00e1sku.<\/p>\n

V prvom kroku sa podarilo unifikova\u0165 iba spr\u00e1vu t\u00fdchto slu\u017eieb. R\u00f4znorod\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ukladania d\u00e1t boli viazan\u00e9 na nejak\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lny softv\u00e9r, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vca rozde\u013eoval zdroje z dostupn\u00fdch fondov. Ale preto\u017ee hardv\u00e9rovo boli tieto fondy r\u00f4zne, migr\u00e1cia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee medzi nimi bola nemo\u017en\u00e1. Na vy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovni integr\u00e1cie sa spojenie uskuto\u010dnilo na \u00farovni br\u00e1ny. Pri existencii spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faborov\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu ho bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 poskytova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych protokolov.<\/p>\n

Najvyspelej\u0161ia z dostupn\u00fdch met\u00f3d konvergencie predpoklad\u00e1 vytvorenie univerz\u00e1lneho hybridn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Tak\u00fd, ak\u00fdm by sa mala sta\u0165 na\u0161a OceanStor 100D<\/a><\/noindex>. Univerz\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup vyu\u017e\u00edva tie ist\u00e9 hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 zdroje, logicky rozdelen\u00e9 na r\u00f4zne pooly, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje migr\u00e1ciu z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee. To v\u0161etko je mo\u017en\u00e9 uskuto\u010dni\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom jedinej spr\u00e1vy riadiacej konzoly. Takto sa n\u00e1m podarilo realizova\u0165 koncept \u201ejedno DC \u2014 jeden SDD\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nN\u00e1klady na uchov\u00e1vanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ur\u010duj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 rozhodnutia. A hoci je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich bez ob\u00e1v polo\u017ei\u0165 na prv\u00e9 miesto, dnes diskutujeme o \u201e\u017eivom\u201c ulo\u017een\u00ed s akt\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom, tak\u017ee v\u00fdkon je tie\u017e potrebn\u00e9 zoh\u013eadni\u0165. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov novej gener\u00e1cie je unifik\u00e1cia. Napokon, nikto nechce ma\u0165 nieko\u013eko roztrhnut\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov riaden\u00fdch z r\u00f4znych konzol. V\u0161etky tieto vlastnosti sa zi\u0161li v novej s\u00e9rii produktov Huawei. OceanStor Pacific<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Mas\u00edvne SDD novej gener\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n

\nOceanStor Pacific sp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky na spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 na \u00farovni \u201e\u0161iestich deviatok\u201c (99,9999%) a m\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017ei\u0165 na vytvorenie d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra triedy HyperMetro. Pri vzdialenosti medzi dvoma d\u00e1tov\u00fdmi centrami do 100 km syst\u00e9my vykazuj\u00fa pridan\u00fa latenciu na \u00farovni 2 ms, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 na ich z\u00e1klade ak\u00e9ko\u013evek katastrofeodoln\u00e9 rie\u0161enia, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch s kv\u00f3rum servermi.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nProdukty novej s\u00e9rie preukazuj\u00fa univerz\u00e1lnos\u0165 s protokolmi. U\u017e teraz OceanStor 100D podporuje blokov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, objektov\u00fd pr\u00edstup a pr\u00edstup Hadoop. \u010coskoro bude implementovan\u00fd aj s\u00faborov\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Nie je potrebn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1va\u0165 nieko\u013eko k\u00f3pi\u00ed d\u00e1t, ak je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich poskytova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych protokolov.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nNa prv\u00fd poh\u013ead, ak\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165 m\u00e1 koncepcia \u201esie\u0165 bez str\u00e1t\u201c so SDD? Ako to funguje, distribuovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa kon\u0161truovan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade r\u00fdchlej siete, ktor\u00e1 podporuje pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 algoritmy a mechanizmus RoCE. Dodato\u010dne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 siete a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 latenciu pom\u00e1ha syst\u00e9m umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00fd podporuj\u00fa na\u0161e prep\u00edna\u010de. AI Fabric<\/a><\/noindex>. Zisk v\u00fdkonu SDD pri aktiv\u00e1cii AI Fabric m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 20%.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nAk\u00fd je teda nov\u00fd uzol distribuovanej SDD OceanStor Pacific? Rie\u0161enie form\u00e1tu 5U obsahuje 120 \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee nahradi\u0165 tri klasick\u00e9 uzly, \u010do poskytuje viac ako dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fa \u00fasporu priestoru v racku. V\u010faka zru\u0161eniu uchov\u00e1vania k\u00f3pi\u00ed sa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje (a\u017e o +92%).<\/p>\n

Sme zvyknut\u00ed, \u017ee softv\u00e9rovo definovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lny softv\u00e9r in\u0161talovan\u00fd na klasickom serveri. Ale teraz, aby sa dosiahli optim\u00e1lne parametre, toto architektonick\u00e9 rie\u0161enie vy\u017eaduje aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne uzly. Tieto uzly zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa dva servery zalo\u017een\u00e9 na procesoroch ARM, ktor\u00e9 spravuj\u00fa z\u00e1sobn\u00edk trojdielnych \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Priemyslov\u00e9
\n
\nTieto servery s\u00fa m\u00e1lo vhodn\u00e9 pre hyperkonvergentn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia. Po prv\u00e9, aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pre ARM je relat\u00edvne m\u00e1lo a po druh\u00e9, je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 vyv\u00e1\u017eenie za\u0165a\u017eenia. Navrhujeme prejs\u0165 na oddelen\u00e9 ukladanie: v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd klaster, zast\u00fapen\u00fd klasick\u00fdmi alebo rackov\u00fdmi servermi, funguje samostatne, ale pripojuje sa k \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm uzlom OceanStor Pacific, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e plnia svoje priame \u00falohy. A to sa ospravedl\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Ako pr\u00edklad si vezmime klasick\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pre ukladanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00e1t s hyperkonvergentn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 zaber\u00e1 15 serverov\u00fdch stojanov. Ak rozlo\u017e\u00edme za\u0165a\u017eenie medzi samostatn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 servery a \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 uzly OceanStor Pacific, oddelen\u00e9 navz\u00e1jom, po\u010det potrebn\u00fdch stojanov sa zn\u00ed\u017ei na polovicu! To zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na prev\u00e1dzku d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra a zmen\u0161uje celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vlastn\u00edctvo. V svete, kde sa objem ulo\u017een\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed zvy\u0161uje o 30 % ro\u010dne, sa s tak\u00fdmito v\u00fdhodami neplytv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

***<\/h2>\n

\nViac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o rie\u0161eniach Huawei a sc\u00e9n\u00e1roch ich pou\u017eitia m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 na na\u0161om webe<\/a><\/noindex> alebo kontaktovan\u00edm priamo z\u00e1stupcov spolo\u010dnosti.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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