{"id":96673,"date":"2020-10-13T19:42:22","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T17:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novye-metriki-obektnyh-hranilishh"},"modified":"2020-10-13T19:42:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T17:42:22","slug":"novye-metriki-obektnyh-hranilishh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novye-metriki-obektnyh-hranilishh","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 metriky objektov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nov\u00e9 metriky objektov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/eb3b7f75da1585d19429585f33f84c66.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deviantart.com\/nele-diel\/art\/Flying-Fortress-674023777\"><i>Flying Fortress od Nele-Diel<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm objektov\u00e9ho S3 \u00falo\u017eiska <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mcs.mail.ru\/storage\/\">Mail.ru Cloud Storage<\/a><\/noindex> prelo\u017eil \u010dl\u00e1nok o tom, ak\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri v\u00fdbere objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska. Nasleduje text z poh\u013eadu autora.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nKe\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o objektovom \u00falo\u017eisku, \u013eudia zvy\u010dajne myslia len na jednu vlastnos\u0165 \u2014 cenu za TB\/GB. Samozrejme, t\u00e1to metrika je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, ale rob\u00ed pr\u00edstup jednostrann\u00fdm a zrovn\u00e1va objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko s n\u00e1strojom na uchov\u00e1vanie arch\u00edvov. Tento pr\u00edstup tie\u017e zni\u017euje d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska v technologickom stacku podniku.<\/p>\n<p>Pri v\u00fdbere objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska by sa mal venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 piatim charakteristik\u00e1m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdkon;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165;<\/li>\n<li>kompatibilita s S3;<\/li>\n<li>reakcia na poruchy;<\/li>\n<li>integrita.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00fdchto p\u00e4\u0165 charakterist\u00edk s\u00fa nov\u00e9 metriky objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska, spolu s n\u00e1kladmi. Pozrime sa na v\u0161etky.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdkon<\/h2>\n<p>\nTradi\u010dn\u00e9 objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa nevyzna\u010duj\u00fa v\u00fdkonom. Poskytovatelia slu\u017eieb neust\u00e1le obetovali v\u00fdkon v honbe za n\u00edzkymi cenami. Av\u0161ak s modern\u00fdmi objektov\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017eiskami je to inak.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 r\u00f4znych \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk sa bl\u00ed\u017ei k Hadoop alebo ju dokonca prekon\u00e1va. Modern\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na r\u00fdchlos\u0165 \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu: od 10 GB\/s \u2014 pre pevn\u00e9 disky, a\u017e 35 GB\/s \u2014 pre NVMe.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e1to priepustnos\u0165 je dostato\u010dn\u00e1 pre Spark, Presto, Tensorflow, Teradata, Vertica, Splunk a \u010fal\u0161ie modern\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 r\u00e1mce v analytickom stacku. Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee MPP datab\u00e1zy sa nastavuj\u00fa na objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako hlavn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko.<\/p>\n<p>Ak v\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m \u00falo\u017eiska nezabezpe\u010duje po\u017eadovan\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165, nem\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 d\u00e1ta a vytiahnu\u0165 z nich hodnoty. Aj ke\u010f vy\u0165a\u017eujete d\u00e1ta z objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska do \u0161trukt\u00fary spracovania v pam\u00e4ti, st\u00e1le bude potrebn\u00e1 priepustnos\u0165 na prenos d\u00e1t do pam\u00e4te a z nej. U zastaran\u00fdch objektov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk jej nie je dostatok.<\/p>\n<p>Toto je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd bod: nov\u00fd v\u00fdkonov\u00fd parameter \u2014 priepustnos\u0165, nie latencia. Je potrebn\u00e1 pre \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a to je norma v modernej d\u00e1tovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f s\u00fa testy v\u00fdkonu dobr\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ako ur\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdkon, nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho presne zmera\u0165 pred spusten\u00edm aplik\u00e1cie v prostred\u00ed. A\u017e po \u0148om m\u00f4\u017eete ur\u010di\u0165, kde sa presne nach\u00e1dza \u00fazke miesto: v softv\u00e9ri, diskoch, sieti alebo na \u00farovni v\u00fdpo\u010dtov.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0160k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 sa ch\u00e1pe ako mno\u017estvo petabajtov, ktor\u00e9 sa zmestia do jedn\u00e9ho priestoru mien. Poskytovatelia sa chv\u00e1lia jednoduchou \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165ou, ale zaml\u010diavaj\u00fa, \u017ee pri \u0161k\u00e1lovan\u00ed sa obrovsk\u00e9 monolitn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my st\u00e1vaj\u00fa krehk\u00fdmi, komplikovan\u00fdmi, nestabiln\u00fdmi a n\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00fd ukazovate\u013e \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enosti je po\u010det priestorov mien alebo klientov, ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eete obsl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165. T\u00fato metriku \u010derpaj\u00fa priamo od hyperscalerov, kde s\u00fa stavebn\u00e9 bloky \u00falo\u017eiska mal\u00e9, ale \u0161k\u00e1luj\u00fa sa na miliardy jednotiek. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti ide o cloudov\u00fa metriku.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 bloky mal\u00e9, daj\u00fa sa \u013eah\u0161ie optimalizova\u0165, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, kontrolu pr\u00edstupu, spr\u00e1vu polit\u00edk, \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu a aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed bez preru\u0161enia prev\u00e1dzky. A nakoniec zabezpe\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdkon. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 stavebn\u00e9ho bloku je funkciou spravovate\u013enosti oblasti zlyhania, takto sa buduj\u00fa vysoko odoln\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Multiklientnos\u0165 m\u00e1 mno\u017estvo charakterist\u00edk. Aj ke\u010f parameter hovor\u00ed o tom, ako organiz\u00e1cie poskytuj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k d\u00e1tam a aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m, t\u00fdka sa aj samotn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a logiky ich izol\u00e1cie od seba navz\u00e1jom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristiky modern\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k multiklientnosti:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase sa m\u00f4\u017ee po\u010det klientov zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek na nieko\u013eko mili\u00f3nov.<\/li>\n<li>Klienti s\u00fa \u00faplne izolovan\u00ed jeden od druh\u00e9ho. To im umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 r\u00f4zne verzie toho ist\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a uchov\u00e1va\u0165 objekty s r\u00f4znymi konfigur\u00e1ciami, povoleniami, funkciami, \u00farov\u0148ami zabezpe\u010denia a obsluhy. To je nevyhnutn\u00e9, ke\u010f sa \u0161k\u00e1luj\u00fa nov\u00e9 servery, aktualiz\u00e1cie a geografick\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dalo\u017eisko je elasticky \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00e9, zdroje s\u00fa poskytovan\u00e9 na po\u017eiadanie.<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia je spravovan\u00e1 API a automatizovan\u00e1 bez \u00fa\u010dasti \u010dloveka.<\/li>\n<li>Softv\u00e9r mo\u017eno umiestni\u0165 do kontajnerov a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my orchestr\u00e1cie, ako je Kubernetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Kompatibilita so S3<\/h2>\n<p>\nAmazon S3 API \u2014 de facto \u0161tandard pre objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd poskytovate\u013e softv\u00e9ru pre objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je s n\u00edm kompatibiln\u00fd. Kompatibilita so S3 je bin\u00e1rna: bu\u010f je implementovan\u00e1 v plnom rozsahu, alebo nie je.<\/p>\n<p>V praxi s\u00fa mo\u017en\u00e9 stovky a tis\u00edce hrani\u010dn\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov, kedy pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska nie\u010do nejde pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u poskytovate\u013eov proprietary softv\u00e9ru a slu\u017eieb. Hlavn\u00e9 scen\u00e1re jeho pou\u017eitia s\u00fa priamo archivovanie alebo z\u00e1lohovanie, preto je m\u00e1lo d\u00f4vodov na volanie API a vari\u00e1cie pou\u017eitia s\u00fa homog\u00e9nne.<\/p>\n<p>Significant advantages of open-source software. It covers most edge scenarios given the size and diversity of applications, operating systems, and hardware architecture.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etko toto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, preto je potrebn\u00e9 testova\u0165 fungovanie aplik\u00e1cie s poskytovate\u013emi \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk. Open-source zjednodu\u0161uje proces \u2014 je jednoduch\u0161ie pochopi\u0165, ktor\u00e1 platforma vyhovuje va\u0161ej aplik\u00e1cii. Poskytovate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee fungova\u0165 ako jedin\u00e9 vstupn\u00e9 miesto do \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk \u2014 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee spln\u00ed va\u0161e potreby.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Open-source znamen\u00e1: aplik\u00e1cie nie s\u00fa viazan\u00e9 na poskytovate\u013ea a s\u00fa transparentnej\u0161ie. To zabezpe\u010duje dlh\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>A e\u0161te nieko\u013eko pozn\u00e1mok oh\u013eadom open-source a S3.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ak sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ate aplik\u00e1ciu na spracovanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00e1t, S3 SELECT zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon a efektivitu. To sa dosahuje pomocou SQL na z\u00edskavanie z \u00falo\u017eiska iba t\u00fdch objektov, ktor\u00e9 potrebujete.<\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm aspektom je podpora upozornen\u00ed na vedro. Upozornenia na vedro u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa serverless v\u00fdpo\u010dty \u2014 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 ka\u017edej mikroslu\u017ebovej architekt\u00fary, ktor\u00e1 sa poskytuje ako slu\u017eba. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko je v podstate cloudov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko, t\u00e1to funkcia sa st\u00e1va rozhoduj\u00facou, ke\u010f objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa cloudov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Nakoniec by implement\u00e1cia S3 mala podporova\u0165 rozhrania pre \u0161ifrovanie API Amazon S3 na strane servera: SSE-C, SSE-S3, SSE-KMS. E\u0161te lep\u0161ie, ak S3 podporuje ochranu pred neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom, ktor\u00e1 je skuto\u010dne bezpe\u010dn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Reakcia na poruchy<\/h2>\n<p>\nUkazovate\u013e, ktor\u00fd pravdepodobne \u010dasto prehliadame, je sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm syst\u00e9m sprac\u00fava zlyhania. Zlyhania sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov a objektov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko by malo zvl\u00e1da\u0165 v\u0161etky tieto situ\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad existuje jedin\u00fd bod zlyhania, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 metrick\u00fa hodnotu nulov\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eia\u013e, mnoh\u00e9 syst\u00e9my objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne uzly, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 aktivovan\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vnu funk\u010dnos\u0165 klastra. Patria sem uzly mien alebo servery metad\u00e1t, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra jedin\u00fd bod zlyhania.<\/p>\n<p>Aj tam, kde s\u00fa predpokladan\u00e9 viacer\u00e9 miesta zlyhania, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ma\u0165 schopnos\u0165 odol\u00e1va\u0165 katastrof\u00e1lnym zlyhaniam. Disky zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa, servery zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom je vytvori\u0165 softv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd je navrhnut\u00fd na spracovanie zlyhan\u00ed ako norm\u00e1lnych stavov. Pri zlyhan\u00ed disku alebo uzla tak\u00fdto softv\u00e9r na\u010falej funguje bez zmien.<\/p>\n<p>Vstavan\u00e1 ochrana pred vymazan\u00edm a degrad\u00e1ciou d\u00e1t zabezpe\u010duje: m\u00f4\u017eete strati\u0165 to\u013eko diskov alebo uzlov, ko\u013eko m\u00e1te blokov parity \u2013 obvykle je to polovica diskov. A a\u017e vtedy softv\u00e9r nebude schopn\u00fd obnovi\u0165 d\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n<p>Zlyhanie sa zriedkavo testuje pod za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm, ale tak\u00e1to kontrola je nevyhnutn\u00e1. Modelovanie zlyhania pod za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm uk\u00e1\u017ee celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, ktor\u00e9 vznikn\u00fa po zlyhan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Konzistentnos\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>\nMiera konzistentnosti 100% sa tie\u017e naz\u00fdva pr\u00edsna konzistentnos\u0165. Konzistentnos\u0165 je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, no pr\u00edsna konzistentnos\u0165 sa vyskytuje pomerne zriedka. Napr\u00edklad Amazon S3 ListObject nie je pr\u00edsne konzistentn\u00fd, je konzistentn\u00fd iba na konci.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co znamen\u00e1 pr\u00edsna konzistentnos\u0165? Pre v\u0161etky oper\u00e1cie po potvrdenej oper\u00e1cii PUT sa mus\u00ed vykona\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aktualizovan\u00e1 hodnota je vidite\u013en\u00e1 pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek uzla.<\/li>\n<li>Aktualiz\u00e1cia je chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 z\u00e1lohovan\u00edm proti zlyhaniu uzla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTo znamen\u00e1: ak vytiahnete z\u00e1str\u010dku uprostred z\u00e1pisu, ni\u010d sa nestrat\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m nikdy nevr\u00e1ti po\u0161koden\u00e9 alebo zastaran\u00e9 d\u00e1ta. Toto je vysok\u00fd \u0161tandard, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam pre mnoh\u00e9 scen\u00e1re: od transak\u010dn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u017e po z\u00e1lohovanie a obnovu.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>\nToto s\u00fa nov\u00e9 metriky objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska, ktor\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa modely pou\u017e\u00edvania v modern\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, kde s\u00fa v\u00fdkon, konzistentnos\u0165, \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165, dom\u00e9ny zlyhania a kompatibilita so S3 z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi kame\u0148mi pre cloudov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie a analytiku ve\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00e1t. Odpor\u00fa\u010dam pou\u017ei\u0165 tento zoznam spolu s cenou pri tvorbe modern\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch stackov.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>O objektovom \u00falo\u017eisku Mail.ru Cloud Solutions: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/513356\/\">Architekt\u00fara S3. 3 roky evol\u00facie Mail.ru Cloud Storage<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co \u010fal\u0161ie \u010d\u00edta\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/510110\/\">Pr\u00edklad event-driven aplik\u00e1cie na z\u00e1klade webhookov v objektovom S3 \u00falo\u017eisku Mail.ru Cloud Solutions<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/472694\/\">Viac ne\u017e Ceph: blokov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko cloudu MCS\u00a0<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/507470\/\">Pr\u00e1ca s objektov\u00fdm S3-\u00falo\u017eiskom Mail.ru Cloud Solutions ako s s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/mcsnews\">N\u00e1\u0161 kan\u00e1l na Telegrame s novinkami o aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch S3-\u00falo\u017eiska a in\u00fdch produktoch<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/517210\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Flying Fortress by Nele-Diel \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e S3-\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 Mail.ru Cloud Storage \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 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