{"id":97069,"date":"2020-10-15T20:42:40","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T18:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/11-instrumentov-delayushhih-kubernetes-luchshe"},"modified":"2020-10-15T20:42:40","modified_gmt":"2020-10-15T18:42:40","slug":"11-instrumentov-delayushhih-kubernetes-luchshe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/11-instrumentov-delayushhih-kubernetes-luchshe","title":{"rendered":"11 n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa Kubernetes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"11<\/p>\n

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Nie v\u0161etky serverov\u00e9 platformy, aj tie najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie a naj\u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enej\u0161ie, sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky potreby tak, ako s\u00fa. Hoci Kubernetes funguje skvele s\u00e1m o sebe, m\u00f4\u017ee mu ch\u00fdba\u0165 potrebn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 na dosiahnutie \u00faplnosti. V\u017edy n\u00e1jdete \u0161pecifick\u00fd pr\u00edpad, ktor\u00fd ignoruje va\u0161u potrebu, alebo situ\u00e1ciu, v ktorej Kubernetes nefunguje pri predvolenej in\u0161tal\u00e1cii \u2014 napr\u00edklad podpora datab\u00e1z alebo fungovanie CDN.<\/p>\n

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A pr\u00e1ve tu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na sc\u00e9nu doplnky, roz\u0161\u00edrenia a in\u00e9 vychyt\u00e1vky pre tento orchestr\u00e1tor kontajnerov, podporovan\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00fdm spolo\u010denstvom. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na 11 najlep\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sme na\u0161li. N\u00e1m osobne s\u00fa Southbridge<\/a><\/noindex> ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 a pl\u00e1nujeme sa s nimi podrobne obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 \u2014 rozobra\u0165 ich na drobn\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010diastky a pozrie\u0165 sa, \u010do je vo vn\u00fatri. Niektor\u00e9 z nich v\u00fdborne doplnia ak\u00fdko\u013evek klaster Kubernetes, in\u00e9 zase pom\u00f4\u017eu vyrie\u0161i\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa realizovan\u00e9 v typickej dod\u00e1vke Kubernetes.<\/p>\n

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Gatekeeper: spr\u00e1va polit\u00edk<\/h2>\n

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Projekt Open Policy Agent<\/a><\/noindex> (OPA) poskytuje mo\u017enos\u0165 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 politiky nad cloudov\u00fdmi aplika\u010dn\u00fdmi stromami v Kubernetes, od ingress po service mesh. Gatekeeper<\/a><\/noindex> pon\u00faka nat\u00edvnu mo\u017enos\u0165 pre Kubernetes automaticky vynucova\u0165 politiky v klastri a poskytuje kontrolu ak\u00fdchko\u013evek udalost\u00ed alebo zdrojov, ktor\u00e9 poru\u0161uj\u00fa politiku. To v\u0161etko je riaden\u00e9 relat\u00edvne nov\u00fdm mechanizmom Kubernetes, spr\u00e1vcom pr\u00edstupu Webhooks, ktor\u00fd sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a pri zmene zdrojov. S Gatekeeperom sa politiky OPA st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou stavu v\u00e1\u0161ho klastra Kubernetes bez potreby neust\u00e1leho doh\u013eadu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gravity: Pren\u00e1\u0161ate\u013en\u00e9 klastry Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Ak chcete nasadi\u0165 aplik\u00e1ciu v Kubernetes, mnoh\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie maj\u00fa Helm chart, ktor\u00fd usmer\u0148uje a automatizuje tento proces. Ale \u010do ak by ste chceli vzia\u0165 svoj klaster Kubernetes 'tak, ako je' a nasadi\u0165 ho niekde inde?<\/p>\n

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Gravity<\/a><\/noindex> vytv\u00e1ra sn\u00edmky stavu klastrov Kubernetes, ich registry pre obrazy kontajnerov a tie\u017e spusten\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 'bal\u00ed\u010dky aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed'. Tak\u00fdto bal\u00ed\u010dek, predstavuj\u00faci oby\u010dajn\u00fd s\u00fabor .tar<\/code>, m\u00f4\u017ee replikova\u0165 klaster kdeko\u013evek, kde m\u00f4\u017ee Kubernetes fungova\u0165.<\/p>\n

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Gravity tie\u017e overuje, \u010di cie\u013eov\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara funguje rovnako ako p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 a \u017ee prostredie Kubernetes na cie\u013eovej strane je dostupn\u00e9. Platen\u00e1 verzia Gravity tie\u017e prid\u00e1va funkcie bezpe\u010dnosti, vr\u00e1tane RBAC a mo\u017enosti synchroniz\u00e1cie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed naprie\u010d r\u00f4znymi nasadeniami klastrov.<\/p>\n

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Najnov\u0161ia hlavn\u00e1 verzia, Gravity 7, m\u00f4\u017ee nasadi\u0165 obraz Gravity do existuj\u00faceho klastru Kubernetes, namiesto vytv\u00e1rania \u00faplne nov\u00e9ho klastru z obrazu. Gravity 7 m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e pracova\u0165 s klastrami, ktor\u00e9 boli nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 bez pou\u017eitia obrazu Gravity. Taktie\u017e Gravity podporuje SELinux a nativne funguje so zariaden\u00edm Teleport SSH.<\/p>\n

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Kaniko: Skladanie kontajnerov v klastri Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obrazov kontajnerov sa sklad\u00e1 na syst\u00e9mach mimo kontajnerov\u00e9ho stacku. Av\u0161ak niekedy je potrebn\u00e9 zlo\u017ei\u0165 obraz v r\u00e1mci kontajnerov\u00e9ho stacku, napr\u00edklad niekde v be\u017eiacom kontajneri alebo v klastri Kubernetes.<\/p>\n

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Kaniko<\/a><\/noindex> vykon\u00e1va skladanie kontajnerov vo vn\u00fatri kontajnerov\u00e9ho prostredia, ale bez z\u00e1vislosti na prev\u00e1dzke slu\u017eby kontajneriz\u00e1cie, ako je Docker. Namiesto toho Kaniko extrahuje s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m z z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho obrazu, vykon\u00e1va v\u0161etky pr\u00edkazy skladania v priestore pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea nad extrahovan\u00fdm s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom a vytv\u00e1ra sn\u00edmku s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu po ka\u017edom pr\u00edkaze.<\/p>\n

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Pozn\u00e1mka: Kaniko v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti (m\u00e1j 2020) pozn. prekladate\u013ea<\/em>) nem\u00f4\u017ee sklada\u0165 Windows kontajnery.<\/p>\n

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Kubecost: Mo\u017enosti n\u00e1kladov na spustenie Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina administrat\u00edvnych n\u00e1strojov Kubernetes je zameran\u00e1 na jednoduch\u00e9 pou\u017eitie, monitorovanie, pochopenie spr\u00e1vania vo vn\u00fatri podu at\u010f. Ale \u010do pozorovanie n\u00e1kladov \u2014 v rub\u013eoch a kopejk\u00e1ch \u2014 spojen\u00fdch so spusten\u00edm Kubernetes?<\/p>\n

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Kubecost<\/a><\/noindex> spracov\u00e1va parametre Kubernetes v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase, \u010do vedie k z\u00edskaniu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o aktu\u00e1lnych n\u00e1kladoch z be\u017eiacich klastrov od hlavn\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 na paneli s mesa\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi pre ka\u017ed\u00fd klaster. Ceny za opera\u010dn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, procesorov\u00fd \u010das, GPU a diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea komponentov Kubernetes (kontajner, pod, slu\u017eba at\u010f.)<\/p>\n

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Kubecost tie\u017e sleduje n\u00e1klady na extern\u00e9 zdroje, ako s\u00fa Amazon S3 buckets, hoci je to obmedzen\u00e9 na AWS. \u00dadaje o n\u00e1kladoch m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 odoslan\u00e9 do Prometheus, tak\u017ee ich m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 na programov\u00fa zmenu spr\u00e1vania klastru.<\/p>\n

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Kubecost je bezplatn\u00fd na pou\u017e\u00edvanie, ak v\u00e1m posta\u010duj\u00fa \u00fadaje v protokoloch za 15 dn\u00ed. Pre roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 funkcie ceny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa od 199$ mesa\u010dne za monitorovanie 50 uzlov.<\/p>\n

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KubeDB: Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie produk\u010dn\u00fdch datab\u00e1z v Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Datab\u00e1zy s\u00fa tie\u017e dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 na efekt\u00edvne sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie v Kubernetes. N\u00e1jdete Kubernetes oper\u00e1tory pre MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB a Redis, ale v\u0161etky maj\u00fa svoje nedostatky. Typov\u00e1 sada funkci\u00ed Kubernetes tie\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017ee priamo vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u0161pecifick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov s datab\u00e1zami.<\/p>\n

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KubeDB<\/a><\/noindex> pom\u00e1ha v\u00e1m vytvori\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 Kubernetes oper\u00e1tory na spr\u00e1vu datab\u00e1z. Spustenie z\u00e1lohovania, klonovanie, monitorovanie, vytv\u00e1ranie sn\u00edmkov a deklarat\u00edvne vytv\u00e1ranie datab\u00e1z s\u00fa jeho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Berte na vedomie, \u017ee podpora funkci\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed od datab\u00e1zy. Napr\u00edklad, vytv\u00e1ranie kl\u00e1tra funguje pre PostgreSQL, ale nie pre MySQL (mus\u00ed by\u0165 z\u00e1sobn\u00edk. Ale \u201emy praktikanti: u n\u00e1s v\u0161etko funguje, ale nikto nevie pre\u010do\u2026\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00fa, ako spr\u00e1vne podotkol dnbstd<\/a><\/noindex>, pozn. prekladate\u013ea<\/em>).<\/p>\n

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Kube-monkey: Chaos Monkey pre Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob stresov\u00e9ho testovania s\u00fa n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 poruchy. T\u00e1to te\u00f3ria je z\u00e1kladom Chaos Monkey od Netflixu, chaotick\u00e9ho in\u017einierskeho n\u00e1stroja, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1hodne vyp\u00edna virtu\u00e1lne stroje a kontajnery v produk\u010dnom prostred\u00ed, aby \"stimuloval\" v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 odolnej\u0161ie syst\u00e9my. Kube-monkey<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 je implement\u00e1cia tej istej z\u00e1kladnej te\u00f3rie stresov\u00e9ho testovania pre klastre Kubernetes. Funguje tak, \u017ee n\u00e1hodne zab\u00edja moduly vo va\u0161om zhluku, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00edte, a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nastaven\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu v ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervaloch.<\/p>\n

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Kubernetes Ingress Controller pre AWS<\/h2>\n

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Kubernetes poskytuje extern\u00fd vyva\u017eova\u010d z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee a sie\u0165ov\u00e9 slu\u017eby klastra prostredn\u00edctvom slu\u017eby naz\u00fdvanej Ingress<\/a><\/noindex> AWS pon\u00faka funkcie vyva\u017eovania z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee, ale automaticky ich nespojuje s rovnak\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami Kubernetes. Kubernetes Ingress Controller pre AWS<\/a><\/noindex> uzatv\u00e1ra tento nedostatok.<\/p>\n

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Automaticky spravuje zdroje AWS pre ka\u017ed\u00fd objekt ingress v klastri, vytv\u00e1ra vyva\u017eova\u010de z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee pre nov\u00e9 zdroje ingress a odstra\u0148uje vyva\u017eova\u010de pri odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed zdrojov. Pou\u017e\u00edva CloudFormation, aby zabezpe\u010dil, \u017ee stav klastra zost\u00e1va celistv\u00fd. Tie\u017e podporuje nastavenia CloudWatch Alarm a automaticky spravuje \u010fal\u0161ie prvky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v klastri, ako s\u00fa certifik\u00e1ty SSL a EC2 Auto Scaling Groups.<\/p>\n

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Kubespray: Automatick\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Kubespray<\/a><\/noindex> automatizuje in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu hotov\u00e9ho na priemyseln\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie Kubernetes klastra, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou na \"hardv\u00e9ri\" a kon\u010diac z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi verejn\u00fdmi cloudmi. Pou\u017e\u00edva Ansible (Vagrant - navy\u0161e) na spustenie nasadenia a vytvorenie vysoko dostupn\u00e9ho klastra od nuly s vybran\u00fdm sie\u0165ov\u00fdm doplnkom (napr\u00edklad Flannel, Calico a \u010fal\u0161ie) na vybranom popul\u00e1rnom distrib\u00fate Linux pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii na \"hardv\u00e9r\".<\/p>\n

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Skaffold: Iterat\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj pre Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Skaffold<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 jeden z n\u00e1strojov Google, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na organiz\u00e1ciu CD aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v Kubernetes. Akon\u00e1hle vykon\u00e1te zmeny v zdrojovom k\u00f3de, skaffold to automaticky zist\u00ed, spust\u00ed zostavenie a nasadenie a upozorn\u00ed v\u00e1s, ak s\u00fa nejak\u00e9 chyby. Skaffold sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a \u00faplne na strane klienta, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drobn\u00e9 nuansy s in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou alebo aktualiz\u00e1ciou. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 s existuj\u00facimi CICD pipeline a tie\u017e interagova\u0165 s niektor\u00fdmi extern\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi na zostavovanie, najm\u00e4 s Bazel od Googlu.<\/p>\n

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Teresa: Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed PaaS na Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Teresa<\/a><\/noindex> je syst\u00e9m nasadenia aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed PaaS nad Kubernetes. Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia rozdelen\u00ed do t\u00edmov m\u00f4\u017eu nasadzova\u0165 a spravova\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 im patria. To trochu u\u013eah\u010duje pr\u00e1cu \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed d\u00f4veruj\u00fa tejto aplik\u00e1cii a nechc\u00fa sa zaobera\u0165 Kubernetes a v\u0161etk\u00fdmi jeho zlo\u017eitostiami.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tilt: Streamovanie aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed kontajnerov do klastra Kubernetes<\/h2>\n

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Tilt<\/a><\/noindex>, vyvinut\u00fd Windmill Engineering, sleduje zmeny r\u00f4znych s\u00faborov Dockerfile a potom postupne nasadzuje pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kontajnery do klastra Kubernetes. V podstate umo\u017e\u0148uje aktualiz\u00e1ciu produk\u010dn\u00e9ho klastru v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase jednoduch\u00fdm aktualizovan\u00edm s\u00faborov Dockerfile. Tilt vykon\u00e1va zostavenie v r\u00e1mci klastru, zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d - v\u0161etko, \u010do treba meni\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e vytvori\u0165 sn\u00edmku stavu klastru a zaznamena\u0165 podmienky sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania ch\u00fdb priamo z Tilt, aby ste ich zdie\u013eali s \u010dlenmi t\u00edmu na ladenie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P.S. V\u0161etky tieto n\u00e1stroje sme u\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t v Southbridge<\/a><\/noindex> prehmatali na\u0161imi zvedav\u00fdmi rukami. Aby sme predstavili re\u00e1lne praktiky u\u017e (d\u00fafam!) na offline intenz\u00edvoch v febru\u00e1ri. Z\u00e1klady Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex> 8\u201310 febru\u00e1ra 2021. A Mega Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex> 12.\u201314. febru\u00e1ra. \u00daprimne, aj n\u00e1m ch\u00fdba tepl\u00e1 a energick\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra offline vzdel\u00e1vania. Nech s\u00fa technol\u00f3gie akoko\u013evek pokro\u010dil\u00e9, nenahradia \u017eiv\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 stret\u00e1vanie a zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu atmosf\u00e9ru, ke\u010f sa stretn\u00fa zhodn\u00ed z\u00e1ujemcovia.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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