{"id":97104,"date":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov"},"modified":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","slug":"packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","title":{"rendered":"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Topol\u00f3gia siete<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d60e4594ba0528414e58fff3ccb1e8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u00dalohy<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Vytvorenie hlavnej statickej trasy ako predvolenej<\/li>\n<li>Nasadenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facej statickej trasy<\/li>\n<li>Overenie prep\u00ednania na pl\u00e1vaj\u00facu statick\u00fa trasu pri zlyhan\u00ed hlavnej trasy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee na za\u010diatok p\u00e1r slov o tom, \u010do vlastne statick\u00e1, a e\u0161te aj pl\u00e1vaj\u00faca trasa. Na rozdiel od dynamickej, statick\u00e1 smerovacia technika si vy\u017eaduje samostatn\u00e9 vytvorenie trasy do konkr\u00e9tnej siete. Pl\u00e1vaj\u00faca statick\u00e1 trasa sl\u00fa\u017ei na poskytnutie z\u00e1lo\u017enej cesty do siete cie\u013ea v pr\u00edpade zlyhania hlavnej trasy.<\/p>\n<p>Na pr\u00edklade na\u0161ej siete \"Hrani\u010dn\u00fd smerova\u010d\" m\u00e1 zatia\u013e len priamo pripojen\u00e9 trasy k sie\u0165am ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 a LAN_2.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a696205f8c9e062d9ada51fda3de9e21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Vytvorenie hlavnej statickej trasy ako predvolenej<\/h2>\n<p>\nPredt\u00fdm, ne\u017e budeme hovori\u0165 o z\u00e1lo\u017enej trase, je najprv potrebn\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 hlavn\u00fa trasu. Predpokladajme, \u017ee hlavn\u00e1 trasa z hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho smerova\u010da bude prech\u00e1dza\u0165 cez ISP1 do siete Internet, a trasa cez ISP2 bude z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e1. Na tento \u00fa\u010del na hrani\u010dnom smerova\u010di v re\u017eime glob\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie nastav\u00edme statick\u00fa trasu ako predvolen\u00fa:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/0 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nkde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prv\u00fdch 32 bitov n\u00fal \u2014 adresa siete cie\u013ea; <\/li>\n<li>druh\u00fdch 32 bitov n\u00fal \u2014 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 maska; <\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/0 \u2014 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 rozhranie hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho smerova\u010da, ktor\u00e9 je pripojen\u00e9 k sieti ISP1. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00e1to polo\u017eka hovor\u00ed o tom, \u017ee ak pakety prich\u00e1dzaj\u00face na hrani\u010dn\u00fd smerova\u010d z LAN_1 alebo LAN_2 obsahuj\u00fa adresu siete cie\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 nie je v smerovacej tabu\u013eke, bud\u00fa sa posiela\u0165 cez rozhranie s0\/0\/0. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bc28d8bfebe2fc75d81ab0817588ba15.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOver\u00edme smerovaciu tabu\u013eku hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho smerova\u010da a odo\u0161leme echo po\u017eiadavku na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"web server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1158\">web server<\/a> z PC-A alebo PC-B:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9cad9e3ba223c822c5e8d5f87e55e5b9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f38b705b02f9c820bc1eb6db23276e19.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVid\u00edme, \u017ee do smerovacej tabu\u013eky bola pridan\u00e1 polo\u017eka statickej trasy ako predvolenej (\u010do dokazuje polo\u017eka S*). Vykonajme sledovanie trasy z PC-A alebo PC-B na web-<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servera\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3663\">servera<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/449b5e7228c87f188d421378a5e2465c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrv\u00fd prechod sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje z PC-B na lok\u00e1lnu IP adresu hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho smerova\u010da 192.168.11.1. Druh\u00fd prechod \u2014 z hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho smerova\u010da na 10.10.10.1 (ISP1). Zapam\u00e4tali sme si, v \u010fal\u0161om porovn\u00e1me prechody.<\/p>\n<h2>Nasadenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facej statickej trasy<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak, z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 statick\u00e1 trasa je vytvoren\u00e1. \u010ealej vytvor\u00edme pl\u00e1vaj\u00facu statick\u00fa trasu cez sie\u0165 ISP2. Proces vytv\u00e1rania pl\u00e1vaj\u00facej statickej trasy sa nijako nel\u00ed\u0161i od be\u017enej statickej trasy, okrem toho, \u017ee sa v prvom pr\u00edpade dodato\u010dne uv\u00e1dza administrat\u00edvna vzdialenos\u0165. Administrat\u00edvna vzdialenos\u0165 znamen\u00e1 stupe\u0148 spo\u013eahlivosti trasy. Skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou je, \u017ee administrat\u00edvna vzdialenos\u0165 statickej trasy je jedna, \u010do znamen\u00e1 absol\u00fatnu prioritu nad protokolmi dynamick\u00e9ho smerovania, ktor\u00fdch administrat\u00edvna vzdialenos\u0165 je mnohon\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161ia, okrem miestnych tr\u00e1s \u2013 tie maj\u00fa administrat\u00edvnu vzdialenos\u0165 nulov\u00fa. Preto, pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed statickej pl\u00e1vaj\u00facej trasy, je potrebn\u00e9 uvies\u0165 administrat\u00edvnu vzdialenos\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu ako jedna, napr\u00edklad 5. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pl\u00e1vaj\u00faca trasa nebude ma\u0165 prioritu pred z\u00e1kladnou statickou trasou, ale v pr\u00edpade jej nedostupnosti sa predvolen\u00e1 trasa pova\u017euje za z\u00e1kladn\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9929fbcf1bb5d27609d41cb1355142d9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSyntax vytvorenia pl\u00e1vaj\u00facej statickej trasy je nasleduj\u00faca:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nkde: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 je hodnota administrat\u00edvnej vzdialenosti;<\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/1 je v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 rozhranie hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho routera pripojen\u00e9ho k sieti ISP2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHne\u010f je potrebn\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee <u>k\u00fdm je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 trasa vo funk\u010dnom stave, pl\u00e1vaj\u00faca statick\u00e1 trasa sa v smerovacej tabu\u013eke neobjev\u00ed.<\/u>Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu presnos\u0165 zobraz\u00edme obsah smerovacej tabu\u013eky v \u010dase, ke\u010f je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 trasa v spr\u00e1vnom stave:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e2d4a77200450fcee35a9046c2c6998f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v smerovacej tabu\u013eke sa na\u010falej zobrazuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 statick\u00e1 trasa s v\u00fdstupn\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm Serial0\/0\/0 a \u017eiadne \u010fal\u0161ie statick\u00e9 trasy v smerovacej tabu\u013eke sa nezobrazuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<h2>Overenie prep\u00ednania na pl\u00e1vaj\u00facu statick\u00fa trasu pri zlyhan\u00ed hlavnej trasy<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>A teraz to najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie:<\/b> modelujme zlyhanie z\u00e1kladnej trasy. M\u00f4\u017eeme to urobi\u0165 vypnut\u00edm rozhrania na \u00farovni softv\u00e9ru, alebo jednoducho odpojen\u00edm spojenia medzi routerom a ISP1. Vyp\u00edname rozhranie Serial0\/0\/0 z\u00e1kladnej trasy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#int s0\/0\/0\nEdge_Router(config-if)#shutdown\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 a hne\u010f sa ideme pozrie\u0165 do smerovacej tabu\u013eky:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/961f636462173a5551194c78378782e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa obr\u00e1zku vy\u0161\u0161ie je vidie\u0165, \u017ee po v\u00fdpadku hlavn\u00e9ho statick\u00e9ho smeru sa v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 rozhranie Serial0\/0\/0 zmenilo na Serial0\/0\/1. Pri prvom trasovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sme vykonali predt\u00fdm, sa nasleduj\u00faci prechod od okrajov\u00e9ho smerova\u010da robil na IP-adrese 10.10.10.1. Porovnajme prechody, vykonan\u00edm op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho trasovania s pou\u017eit\u00edm z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9ho smeru:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b204b0a79c5ea416622b3ff5c954bee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTeraz sa prechod od okrajov\u00e9ho smerova\u010da k webov\u00e9mu serveru vykon\u00e1va cez IP-adresu 10.10.10.5 (ISP2).<\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, \u017ee statick\u00e9 smerovanie m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 zobrazen\u00edm aktu\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie smerova\u010da:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#show run\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00e1ca: Nastavenie pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich statick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a4bca44fd296c69f69b6e75c421c0ab0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/523534\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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