{"id":99317,"date":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openssh-8-5"},"modified":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-openssh-8-5","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie OpenSSH 8.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po piatich mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja bol predstaven\u00fd release OpenSSH 8.5, otvorenej implement\u00e1cie klienta a servera pre pr\u00e1cu s protokolmi SSH 2.0 a SFTP.    <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri OpenSSH pripomenuli bl\u00ed\u017eiaci sa prechod na zastaran\u00e9 algoritmy, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hashe SHA-1, v s\u00favislosti so zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm efektivity kol\u00edznych \u00fatokov s dan\u00fdm prefixom (n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu kol\u00edzie sa odhaduj\u00fa na pribli\u017ene 50 tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov). V niektor\u00fdch z najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch vydan\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa predvolene vypn\u00fa\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania algoritmu digit\u00e1lnych podpisov pomocou verejn\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da \u201essh-rsa\u201c, ktor\u00fd je uveden\u00fd v p\u00f4vodnom RFC pre protokol SSH a zost\u00e1va \u0161iroko roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd v praxi.    <\/p>\n<p>Na kontrolu pou\u017eitia ssh-rsa vo svojich syst\u00e9moch m\u00f4\u017eete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 pripojenie cez ssh s mo\u017enos\u0165ou &#171;-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa&#187;. T\u00fdm vypnutie predvolen\u00fdch digit\u00e1lnych podpisov &#171;ssh-rsa&#187; neznamen\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edvania RSA-k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov, preto\u017ee okrem SHA-1 protokol SSH povo\u013euje pou\u017eitie in\u00fdch algoritmov na v\u00fdpo\u010det ha\u0161ov. Konkr\u00e9tne, okrem &#171;ssh-rsa&#187; zostane mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia p\u00e1rov &#171;rsa-sha2-256&#187; (RSA\/SHA256) a &#171;rsa-sha2-512&#187; (RSA\/SHA512).    <\/p>\n<p>Aby sa u\u013eah\u010dil prechod na nov\u00e9 algoritmy, v OpenSSH 8.5 je predvolene aktivovan\u00e1 nastavenie UpdateHostKeys, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje automaticky prepn\u00fa\u0165 klientov na bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie algoritmy. S pomocou tohto nastavenia sa aktivuje \u0161peci\u00e1lne roz\u0161\u00edrenie protokolu \u201ehostkeys@openssh.com\u201c, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje serveru po autentifik\u00e1cii informova\u0165 klienta o v\u0161etk\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010doch hostite\u013ea. Klient m\u00f4\u017ee odrazi\u0165 tieto k\u013e\u00fa\u010de vo svojom s\u00fabore ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje organizova\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1ciu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov hostite\u013ea a zjednodu\u0161uje zmenu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"serveri\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2618\">serveri<\/a>.     <\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie UpdateHostKeys je obmedzen\u00e9 nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi podmienkami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v bud\u00facnosti zru\u0161en\u00e9: k\u013e\u00fa\u010d mus\u00ed by\u0165 uveden\u00fd v UserKnownHostsFile a nesmie by\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v GlobalKnownHostsFile; k\u013e\u00fa\u010d mus\u00ed by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fd len pod jedn\u00fdm menom; nesmie by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd certifik\u00e1t hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da; v known_hosts nesm\u00fa by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 masky pod\u013ea n\u00e1zvu hostite\u013ea; mus\u00ed by\u0165 vypnut\u00e9 nastavenie VerifyHostKeyDNS; parametre UserKnownHostsFile musia by\u0165 akt\u00edvne.     <\/p>\n<p>Medzi odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fdmi algoritmami na migr\u00e1ciu s\u00fa spomenut\u00e9 rsa-sha2-256\/512 na b\u00e1ze RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 (podporovan\u00e9 od OpenSSH 7.2 a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ako predvolen\u00e9), ssh-ed25519 (podporovan\u00e9 od OpenSSH 6.5) a ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521 na b\u00e1ze RFC5656 ECDSA (podporovan\u00e9 od OpenSSH 5.7).           <\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie zmeny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zmeny t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa bezpe\u010dnosti:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh-agente bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 op\u00e4tovn\u00fdm uvo\u013enen\u00edm u\u017e uvo\u013enenej oblasti pam\u00e4te (double-free). Probl\u00e9m sa prejavuje od vydania OpenSSH 8.2 a potenci\u00e1lne m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zneu\u017eit\u00fd pri pr\u00edstupe \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka k soketu ssh-agenta na lok\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me. Exploat\u00e1ciu komplikuje to, \u017ee pr\u00edstup k soketu maj\u00fa len root a p\u00f4vodn\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e. Najpravdepodobnej\u0161\u00edm scen\u00e1rom \u00fatoku je presmerovanie agenta na \u00fa\u010det, ktor\u00fd je pod kontrolou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka, alebo na hos\u0165, na ktorom m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk root-pr\u00edstup.\n<li class=\"l\"> V sshd bola pridan\u00e1 ochrana pred prenosom ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdch parametrov s menom pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea do podsystemu PAM, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zablokova\u0165 zranite\u013enosti v syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch moduloch PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module). Napr\u00edklad zmena umo\u017e\u0148uje zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 pou\u017eitiu sshd ako vektoru pre zneu\u017eitie ned\u00e1vno zistenou root-zranite\u013enos\u0165ou v Solaris (CVE-2020-14871).      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zmeny potenci\u00e1lne naru\u0161uj\u00face kompatibilitu:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh a sshd bol preroben\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdmeny k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov, odoln\u00fd vo\u010di sk\u00famaniu na kvantovom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de dramaticky r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie rie\u0161ia \u00falohu rozkladu prirodzen\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla na prvo\u010d\u00edsla, ktor\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladom modern\u00fdch asymetrick\u00fdch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch algoritmov a efekt\u00edvne je neriesite\u013en\u00e1 na klasick\u00fdch procesoroch. Pou\u017eit\u00fd sp\u00f4sob je zalo\u017een\u00fd na algoritme NTRU Prime, vyvinutom pre postkvantov\u00e9 kryptosyst\u00e9my, a met\u00f3de v\u00fdmeny k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov na b\u00e1ze eliptick\u00fdch kriviek X25519. Namiesto sntrup4591761x25519-sha512@tinyssh.org je met\u00f3da teraz identifikovan\u00e1 ako sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com (algoritmus sntrup4591761 bol nahraden\u00fd sntrup761).\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh a sshd bol zmenen\u00fd poriadok ozn\u00e1menia podporovan\u00fdch algoritmov digit\u00e1lnych podpisov. Prv\u00fd sa teraz pon\u00faka ED25519 namiesto ECDSA.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh a sshd sa nastavenie parametrov kvality slu\u017eby TOS\/DSCP pre interakt\u00edvne rel\u00e1cie teraz vykon\u00e1va pred vytvoren\u00edm TCP-pripojenia.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh a sshd bola zastaven\u00e1 podpora \u0161ifry rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se, ktor\u00e1 je identick\u00e1 s aes256-cbc a pou\u017e\u00edvala sa pred schv\u00e1len\u00edm RFC-4253.\n<li class=\"l\"> Predvolene je vypnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 CheckHostIP, ktorej pr\u00ednos je zanedbate\u013en\u00fd, ale jej pou\u017eitie v\u00fdrazne komplikuje rot\u00e1ciu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov pre hostitelia za vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eami.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do sshd boli pridan\u00e9 nastavenia PerSourceMaxStartups a PerSourceNetBlockSize na obmedzenie intenzity sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania spracovate\u013eov v s\u00favislosti s adresou klienta. Tieto parametre umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa jemne riadi\u0165 obmedzenia sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania procesov v porovnan\u00ed s celkov\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm MaxStartups.\n<li class=\"l\">  Do ssh a sshd bola pridan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 LogVerbose, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00fati\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 zaznamen\u00e1vanej ladenia do logu s mo\u017enostnos\u0165ou filtrovania pod\u013ea vzorov, funkci\u00ed a s\u00faborov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri akceptovan\u00ed nov\u00e9ho hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da v ssh je zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 zobrazenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch mien hostite\u013eov a <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adresy\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"830\">IP adresy<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom spojen\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh je povolen\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 UserKnownHostsFile=none na deaktiv\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvania s\u00faboru known_hosts pri identifik\u00e1cii hostite\u013esk\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh_config pre ssh bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 KnownHostsCommand, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 \u00fadaje known_hosts z v\u00fdstupu uvedenej pr\u00edkazu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh_config pre ssh bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 PermitRemoteOpen, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje obmedzi\u0165 cie\u013e pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed mo\u017enosti RemoteForward s SOCKS.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ssh s\u00fa pre k\u013e\u00fa\u010de FIDO zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 opakovan\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na PIN v pr\u00edpade zlyhania oper\u00e1cie s digit\u00e1lnym podpisom z d\u00f4vodu nespr\u00e1vneho PIN a absence po\u017eiadavky na PIN od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea (napr\u00edklad ke\u010f sa nepodarilo z\u00edska\u0165 spr\u00e1vne biometrick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a zariadenie preplo na manu\u00e1lne zadanie PIN-u).\n<li class=\"l\"> V sshd bola do mechanizmu izol\u00e1cie procesu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na seccomp-bpf na platforme Linux pridan\u00e1 podpora \u010fal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00e1stroj contrib\/ssh-copy-id bol aktualizovan\u00fd.          <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54690\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.5, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 OpenSSH \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438 SHA-1, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 50 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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