{"id":99353,"date":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12"},"modified":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","slug":"google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","title":{"rendered":"Google predstavil framework Flutter 2 a jazyk Dart 2.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google uviedla framework pre v\u00fdvoj pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed Flutter 2, ktor\u00fd znamen\u00e1 transform\u00e1ciu projektu z frameworku pre mobiln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie na univerz\u00e1lny framework na vytv\u00e1ranie ak\u00fdchko\u013evek typov programov, vr\u00e1tane aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pre desktopov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a webov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

Flutter je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za alternat\u00edvu k React Native a umo\u017e\u0148uje na z\u00e1klade jednej k\u00f3dovej z\u00e1kladne vyd\u00e1va\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie pre r\u00f4zne platformy, vr\u00e1tane iOS, Android, Windows, macOS a Linux, ako aj aplik\u00e1cie spustite\u013en\u00e9 v prehliada\u010doch. Predt\u00fdm nap\u00edsan\u00e9 mobiln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie na Flutter 1 m\u00f4\u017eu po prechode na Flutter 2 bez prepisovania k\u00f3du by\u0165 prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu na pracovnej ploche a webe. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 k\u00f3du Flutter je implementovan\u00e1 v jazyku Dart a runtime engine na vykon\u00e1vanie aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v C++. Pri v\u00fdvoji aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 okrem nat\u00edvneho jazyka Dart pre Flutter pou\u017ei\u0165 aj rozhranie Dart Foreign Function na volanie k\u00f3du v C\/C++. Vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon sa dosahuje kompil\u00e1ciou aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed do strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du pre cie\u013eov\u00e9 platformy. Program nemus\u00ed by\u0165 prekompilovan\u00fd po ka\u017edej zmene \u2014 Dart poskytuje re\u017eim hor\u00faceho na\u010d\u00edtania, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 zmeny v be\u017eiacej aplik\u00e1cii a okam\u017eite hodnoti\u0165 v\u00fdsledok. <\/p>\n

Vo Flutter 2 je deklarovan\u00e1 pln\u00e1 podpora pre vytv\u00e1ranie aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pre web, vhodn\u00e1 na pracovn\u00e9 nasadenie. Spom\u00edna sa tri hlavn\u00e9 scen\u00e1re pou\u017eitia Flutter pre web: v\u00fdvoj samostatn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (PWA, Progressive Web Apps), vytv\u00e1ranie jednopanelov\u00fdch webov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (SPA, Single Page Apps) a transform\u00e1cia mobiln\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na webov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie. Z osobitost\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov pre web s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 mechanizmy zr\u00fdchlenia vykres\u013eovania 2D a 3D grafiky, flexibiln\u00e9 usporiadanie prvkov na obrazovke a kompilovate\u013en\u00fd engine vykres\u013eovania CanvasKit do WebAssembly. <\/p>\n

Podpora desktopov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed sa nach\u00e1dza vo f\u00e1ze beta testovania a bude stabilizovan\u00e1 tento rok v niektorom z nasleduj\u00facich vydan\u00ed. O podpore v\u00fdvoja s vyu\u017eit\u00edm Flutter informovali spolo\u010dnosti Canonical, Microsoft a Toyota. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Canonical si vybrala Flutter ako hlavn\u00fd r\u00e1mec pre svoje aplik\u00e1cie a tie\u017e ho vyu\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9ho in\u0161tal\u00e1tora pre Ubuntu. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Microsoft prisp\u00f4sobila Flutter pre skladacie zariadenia s viacer\u00fdmi obrazovkami, ako je Surface Duo. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Toyota pl\u00e1nuje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Flutter pre informa\u010dno-z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v automobiloch. Na z\u00e1klade Flutter bola taktie\u017e vybudovan\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e1 vrstva vyv\u00edjanej v Google mikro-jadrovej opera\u010dnej s\u00fastavy Fuchsia.

\"Google<\/center> <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bol zverejnen\u00fd release programovacieho jazyka Dart 2.12, v ktorom pokra\u010duje v\u00fdvoj radik\u00e1lne prepracovanej vetvy Dart 2. Dart 2 sa od p\u00f4vodnej verzie jazyka Dart l\u00ed\u0161i aplikovan\u00edm silnej statickej typiz\u00e1cie (typy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 automaticky odvoden\u00e9, tak\u017ee uv\u00e1dzanie typov nie je povinn\u00e9, ale dynamick\u00e1 typiz\u00e1cia u\u017e nie je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 a typ, ktor\u00fd bol p\u00f4vodne vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd, je priraden\u00fd k premennej a n\u00e1sledne sa aplikuje pr\u00edsna kontrola typu). <\/p>\n

V\u00fddaj je pozoruhodn\u00fd stabiliz\u00e1ciou re\u017eimu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania hodnoty \u201eNull\u201c (null safety), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa p\u00e1dom sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm pokusmi o pou\u017eitie premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00fdch hodnota nie je definovan\u00e1 a je nastaven\u00e1 na \u201eNull\u201c. Re\u017eim predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee premenn\u00e9 nem\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 nejasn\u00e9 hodnoty, pokia\u013e im nie je v\u00fdslovne priraden\u00e1 hodnota null. V re\u017eime sa striktne ber\u00fa do \u00favahy typy premenn\u00fdch, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje kompil\u00e1toru aplikova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie optimaliz\u00e1cie. Zhodnos\u0165 typov sa kontroluje po\u010das kompil\u00e1cie, napr\u00edklad v pr\u00edpade pokusu o priradenie hodnoty \u201eNull\u201c premennej s typom, ktor\u00fd nepredpoklad\u00e1 nejasn\u00fd stav, ako je \u201eint\u201c, bude vyhodnoten\u00e1 chyba. <\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm vylep\u0161en\u00edm Dart 2.12 bola stabiln\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia kni\u017enice FFI, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fd k\u00f3d, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 pristupova\u0165 k API v jazyku C. Boli vykonan\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonu a ve\u013ekosti. Pridan\u00e9 boli n\u00e1stroje pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a syst\u00e9m profilovania k\u00f3du nap\u00edsan\u00e9ho s pou\u017eit\u00edm Flutter, ako aj nov\u00e9 pluginy pre v\u00fdvoj aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na Dart a Flutter pre Android Studio\/IntelliJ a VS Code.

\"Google<\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f Flutter 2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 web-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. 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