Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad USA vydal rozhodnutie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00fadneho sporu «Oracle proti Google», ktor\u00fd sa t\u00fdka pou\u017e\u00edvania Java API na platforme Android. S\u00fad najvy\u0161\u0161ej in\u0161tancie st\u00e1l na strane Google a uznal, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie Java API m\u00e1 charakter dobr\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edvania (fair use). <\/p>\n
S\u00fad s\u00fahlasil s t\u00fdm, \u017ee cie\u013eom Googlu bolo vytvori\u0165 in\u00fd syst\u00e9m zameran\u00fd na rie\u0161enie \u00faloh pre in\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 prostredie (smartf\u00f3ny), a \u017ee v\u00fdvoj platformy Android pomohol dosiahnu\u0165 a popularizova\u0165 tento cie\u013e. Hist\u00f3ria ukazuje, \u017ee existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby, ak\u00fdmi m\u00f4\u017ee op\u00e4tovn\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia rozhrania podporova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch programov. \u00damysly Googlu mali za cie\u013e dosiahnutie podobn\u00e9ho kreat\u00edvneho pokroku, ktor\u00e9ho udr\u017eiavanie je z\u00e1kladnou \u00falohou autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. <\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google si vypo\u017ei\u010dala pribli\u017ene 11500 riadkov opisuj\u00facich \u0161trukt\u00fary API, \u010do predstavuje iba 0,4% z celkov\u00e9ho prevedenia API, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 2,86 mili\u00f3na riadkov. Zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fac objem a v\u00fdznam pou\u017eit\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, 11500 riadkov boli s\u00fadom pos\u00faden\u00e9 ako jedna mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho celku. V r\u00e1mci programov\u00e9ho rozhrania s\u00fa skop\u00edrovan\u00e9 riadky neoddelite\u013ene sp\u00e4t\u00e9 s in\u00fdm k\u00f3dom (nepatriacim Oraclu), ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa program\u00e1tori. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google skop\u00edrovala prejedn\u00e1van\u00fa \u010das\u0165 k\u00f3du nie kv\u00f4li jej dokonalosti alebo funk\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, ale preto, \u017ee umo\u017enila program\u00e1torom vyu\u017ei\u0165 existuj\u00face zru\u010dnosti v novom v\u00fdpo\u010dtovom prostred\u00ed pre smartf\u00f3ny. <\/p>\n
Pripom\u00edname, \u017ee v roku 2012 sudca s program\u00e1torsk\u00fdmi sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami s\u00fahlasil s n\u00e1zorom Google a uznal, \u017ee tvoren\u00e1 API strom n\u00e1zvov je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161trukt\u00fary pr\u00edkazov \u2014 sady symbolov s\u00favisiacich s konkr\u00e9tnou funkciou. Tak\u00e1to sada pr\u00edkazov je pod\u013ea autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za neodvoden\u00fa od copyrightu, preto\u017ee duplik\u00e1cia \u0161trukt\u00fary pr\u00edkazov je nevyhnutn\u00fdm predpokladom zabezpe\u010denia kompatibility a prenosite\u013enosti. Preto identita riadkov s deklar\u00e1ciami a hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdmi popismi met\u00f3d nie je podstatn\u00e1 \u2014 na realiz\u00e1ciu podobnej funk\u010dnosti musia zhodova\u0165 n\u00e1zvy funkci\u00ed tvoren\u00e9ho API, aj ke\u010f je samotn\u00e1 funk\u010dnos\u0165 implementovan\u00e1 inak. Ke\u010f\u017ee existuje iba jeden sp\u00f4sob, ako vyjadri\u0165 my\u0161lienku alebo funkciu, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 identick\u00e9 deklar\u00e1cie a nikto nem\u00f4\u017ee monopolizova\u0165 tak\u00e9to vyjadrenia. <\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Oracle podala odvolanie a dosiahla zru\u0161enie rozhodnutia na Feder\u00e1lnom odvolacom s\u00fade USA \u2014 odvolac\u00ed s\u00fad uznal, \u017ee Java API je du\u0161evn\u00fdm vlastn\u00edctvom Oracle. Po tomto z\u00e1sahu sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google zmenila strat\u00e9giu a pok\u00fasila sa dok\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee implement\u00e1cia Java API na platforme Android m\u00e1 charakter dobr\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edvania, a t\u00e1to snaha bola \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1. Postoj Google spo\u010d\u00edval v tom, \u017ee vytvorenie prenosn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru si nevy\u017eaduje z\u00edskanie licencie na API, a opakovanie API na vytvorenie kompatibiln\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00fdch anal\u00f3gov patr\u00ed do kateg\u00f3rie «dobr\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edvania». Pod\u013ea Google by zaradenie API do kateg\u00f3rie du\u0161evn\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva negat\u00edvne ovplyvnilo priemysel, preto\u017ee podr\u00fdva rozvoj inov\u00e1ci\u00ed a vytv\u00e1ranie kompatibiln\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00fdch anal\u00f3gov programov\u00fdch platforiem by sa mohlo sta\u0165 predmetom s\u00fadnych sporov. <\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Oracle podala prv\u00fa apel\u00e1ciu a znovu bolo rozhodnutie presk\u00faman\u00e9 v jej prospech. S\u00fad rozhodol, \u017ee princ\u00edp \u201epoctiv\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia\u201c sa na Android nevz\u0165ahuje, preto\u017ee t\u00e1to platforma sa vyv\u00edja spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Google s obchodn\u00fdmi cie\u013emi, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa realizovan\u00e9 nie priamym predajom softv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho produktu, ale kontrolou nad pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami a reklamou. Google pritom udr\u017eiava kontrolu nad pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi prostredn\u00edctvom propriet\u00e1rneho API na interakciu so svojimi slu\u017ebami, ktor\u00e9 je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na vytv\u00e1ranie funk\u010dn\u00fdch alternat\u00edv, t.j. pou\u017e\u00edvanie Java API nie je obmedzen\u00e9 len na nekomer\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie. V reakcii na to spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google podala n\u00e1vrh na najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad a Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad USA sa vr\u00e1til k presk\u00famaniu ot\u00e1zky, do akej miery s\u00fa programov\u00e9 rozhrania (API) s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou du\u0161evn\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva a vydal kone\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnutie v prospech spolo\u010dnosti Google. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 «Oracle \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 Google», \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Java API \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 Android. \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 Google \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Java API \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (fair use). \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e Google \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google zv\u00ed\u0165azil v spore so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Oracle, ktor\u00fd sa t\u00fdkal Java a Android | 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"