Izdaja distribucije NixOS 20.03, ki uporablja upravitelja paketov Nix.

Представлен izdaja distribucije NixOS 20.03, ki temelji na upravitelju paketa Nix in providing a range of its own developments that simplify the configuration and maintenance of the system. For instance, NixOS uses a single system configuration file (configuration.nix), allows for quick rollback of updates, supports switching between different system states, enables individual users to install custom packages (the package is installed in the home directory), allows simultaneous installation of multiple versions of the same program, and ensures reproducible builds. The total size instalacijskog imidža with KDE is 1.2 GB, the reduced console variant is 540 MB.

Glavne novosti:

• The distribution component versions have been updated, including the Linux kernel 5.4 (previously 4.19),
  gcc 9.2.0,
  glibc 2.30,
  mesa 19.3.3,
  openssl 1.1.1d,
  PostgreSQL 11, OpenSSH 8.1.
• The desktops have been updated to KDE 5.17.5 (+ KDE Applications 19.12.3),
  GNOME 3.34, and Pantheon 5.1.3 (from Elementary OS). When enabling Pantheon through the setting services.xserver.desktopManager.pantheon.enable, the associated login screen is automatically activated.
• In the graphical installer, after installation, the graphical session starts automatically (previously a console prompt appeared suggesting running 'systemctl start display-manager' for the graphical interface). A menu option 'Disable display-manager' has been added to the boot menu to disable the display manager startup.
• For ZFS pools, a weekly TRIM operation for NVME and SSD drives is enabled (setting services.zfs.trim.enable). If ZFS is present in the configuration config.boot.initrd.supportedFilesystems or config.boot.supportedFilesystems, periodic validation operations (services.zfs.autoScrub.enable) and automatic snapshot creation (services.zfs.autoSnapshot.enable) are also carried out.
• The nixos-option code has been rewritten in C++ and extended with the '-r' option for outputting all configurations.
• The configurations services.xserver.desktopManager.default and services.xserver.windowManager.default have been replaced with the universal option services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession (for example, services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession = 'xfce+icewm').
• Добавлено 46 new services.
• The default images for SD cards are compressed using bzip2.

Pri uporabi Nixa se paketi namestijo v ločeno drevo imenikov /nix/store ali poddirektorij v uporabnikovem imeniku. Na primer, paket se namesti kot /nix/store/f2a4…8a143-firefox-75.0.0/, kjer je 'f2a4…' edinstveni identifikator paketa, ki se uporablja za nadzor odvisnosti. Paketi so predstavljeni v obliki kontejnerjev, ki vsebujejo potrebne komponente za delovanje aplikacij.
Podoben pristop se uporablja v upravljalcu paketov GNU Guix, ki temelji na delih Nixa.

Med paketi je mogoče določiti odvisnosti, pri čemer se za iskanje obstoječih odvisnosti uporablja skeniranje sličic-identifikatorjev v imeniku nameščenih paketov. Možna je tako prenos pripravljenih binarnih paketov iz repozitorija (med namestitvijo posodobitev binarnih paketov se prenesejo le delta-spremembe) kot tudi sestavljanje iz izvornih datotek z vsemi odvisnostmi. Zbirka paketov je predstavljena v posebnem repozitoriju. Nixpkgs.

Izvor: opennet.ru