
, zasnovan za zbiranje, preoblikovanje in pošiljanje dnevniških podatkov, meritev in dogodkov.
→
Ker je napisan v jeziku Rust, ga odlikuje visoka zmogljivost in nizka poraba RAM-a v primerjavi s svojimi analogi. Poleg tega je veliko pozornosti namenjene funkcijam, povezanim s pravilnostjo, zlasti zmožnosti shranjevanja neposlanih dogodkov v medpomnilnik na disku in rotacije datotek.
Arhitekturno je Vector usmerjevalnik dogodkov, ki sprejema sporočila od enega ali več virov, ki po želji velja za ta sporočila transformacijein jih pošlje enemu ali več odtoki.
Vector je zamenjava za filebeat in logstash, lahko nastopa v obeh vlogah (prejemanje in pošiljanje dnevnikov), več podrobnosti o njih .
Če je v Logstashu veriga zgrajena kot vhod → filter → izhod, potem je v Vectoru → →
Primere najdete v dokumentaciji.
To navodilo je spremenjeno navodilo iz . Izvirna navodila vsebujejo obdelavo geoip. Pri testiranju geoip iz notranjega omrežja je vektor dal napako.
Aug 05 06:25:31.889 DEBUG transform{name=nginx_parse_rename_fields type=rename_fields}: vector::transforms::rename_fields: Field did not exist field=«geoip.country_name» rate_limit_secs=30Če mora kdo obdelati geoip, si oglejte izvirna navodila od .
Konfigurirali bomo kombinacijo Nginx (Access logs) → Vector (Client | Filebeat) → Vector (Server | Logstash) → ločeno v Clickhouse in ločeno v Elasticsearch. Namestili bomo 4 strežnike. Čeprav ga lahko zaobidete s 3 strežniki.

Shema je nekaj takega.
Onemogočite Selinux na vseh svojih strežnikih
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
rebootNa vse strežnike namestimo emulator HTTP strežnika + pripomočke
Kot emulator strežnika HTTP bomo uporabili od
Nodejs-stub-server nima rpm. ustvari rpm za to. rpm bo preveden z uporabo
Dodajte repozitorij antonpatsev/nodejs-stub-server
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr epel-release
yes | yum copr enable antonpatsev/nodejs-stub-serverNamestite nodejs-stub-server, Apache benchmark in zaslonski terminalski multiplekser na vse strežnike
yum -y install stub_http_server screen mc httpd-tools screenPopravil sem odzivni čas stub_http_server v datoteki /var/lib/stub_http_server/stub_http_server.js, tako da je bilo več dnevnikov.
var max_sleep = 10;Zaženimo strežnik stub_http_server.
systemctl start stub_http_server
systemctl enable stub_http_serverna strežniku 3
ClickHouse uporablja nabor navodil SSE 4.2, tako da podpora zanj v uporabljenem procesorju postane dodatna sistemska zahteva, če ni določeno drugače. Tukaj je ukaz za preverjanje, ali trenutni procesor podpira SSE 4.2:
grep -q sse4_2 /proc/cpuinfo && echo "SSE 4.2 supported" || echo "SSE 4.2 not supported"Najprej morate povezati uradni repozitorij:
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo rpm --import https://repo.clickhouse.tech/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/stable/x86_64Za namestitev paketov morate zagnati naslednje ukaze:
sudo yum install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-clientDovoli strežniku clickhouse, da posluša omrežno kartico v datoteki /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
<listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>Spreminjanje ravni beleženja iz sledenja v odpravljanje napak
debug
Standardne nastavitve stiskanja:
min_compress_block_size 65536
max_compress_block_size 1048576Za aktiviranje stiskanja Zstd je bilo priporočljivo, da se ne dotikate konfiguracije, ampak raje uporabite DDL.

V Googlu nisem mogel najti, kako uporabiti stiskanje zstd prek DDL. Zato sem pustil, kot je.
Kolegi, ki uporabljate zstd stiskanje v Clickhouseu, delite navodila.
Če želite zagnati strežnik kot demon, zaženite:
service clickhouse-server startZdaj pa preidimo na nastavitev Clickhouse
Pojdite v Clickhouse
clickhouse-client -h 172.26.10.109 -m172.26.10.109 — IP strežnika, kjer je nameščen Clickhouse.
Ustvarimo vektorsko bazo podatkov
CREATE DATABASE vector;Preverimo, ali baza podatkov obstaja.
show databases;Ustvarite tabelo vector.logs.
/* Это таблица где хранятся логи как есть */
CREATE TABLE vector.logs
(
`node_name` String,
`timestamp` DateTime,
`server_name` String,
`user_id` String,
`request_full` String,
`request_user_agent` String,
`request_http_host` String,
`request_uri` String,
`request_scheme` String,
`request_method` String,
`request_length` UInt64,
`request_time` Float32,
`request_referrer` String,
`response_status` UInt16,
`response_body_bytes_sent` UInt64,
`response_content_type` String,
`remote_addr` IPv4,
`remote_port` UInt32,
`remote_user` String,
`upstream_addr` IPv4,
`upstream_port` UInt32,
`upstream_bytes_received` UInt64,
`upstream_bytes_sent` UInt64,
`upstream_cache_status` String,
`upstream_connect_time` Float32,
`upstream_header_time` Float32,
`upstream_response_length` UInt64,
`upstream_response_time` Float32,
`upstream_status` UInt16,
`upstream_content_type` String,
INDEX idx_http_host request_http_host TYPE set(0) GRANULARITY 1
)
ENGINE = MergeTree()
PARTITION BY toYYYYMMDD(timestamp)
ORDER BY timestamp
TTL timestamp + toIntervalMonth(1)
SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192;Preverimo, ali so tabele izdelane. Zaženimo clickhouse-client in podajte zahtevo.
Pojdimo v vektorsko bazo podatkov.
use vector;
Ok.
0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.Poglejmo tabele.
show tables;
┌─name────────────────┐
│ logs │
└─────────────────────┘Namestitev elasticsearch na 4. strežnik za pošiljanje istih podatkov v Elasticsearch za primerjavo s Clickhouse
Dodajte javni ključ rpm
rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchUstvarimo 2 repo:
/etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo
[elasticsearch]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=0
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md/etc/yum.repos.d/kibana.repo
[kibana-7.x]
name=Kibana repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-mdNamestite elasticsearch in kibano
yum install -y kibana elasticsearchKer bo v 1 kopiji, morate v datoteko /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml dodati naslednje:
discovery.type: single-nodeDa lahko ta vektor pošilja podatke v elasticsearch iz drugega strežnika, spremenimo network.host.
network.host: 0.0.0.0Za povezavo s kibano spremenite parameter server.host v datoteki /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.host: "0.0.0.0"Star in vključi elasticsearch v samodejni zagon
systemctl enable elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearchin kibana
systemctl enable kibana
systemctl start kibanaKonfiguriranje Elasticsearch za način z enim vozliščem 1 delček, 0 replik. Najverjetneje boste imeli gručo velikega števila strežnikov in vam tega ni treba storiti.
Za prihodnje indekse posodobite privzeto predlogo:
curl -X PUT http://localhost:9200/_template/default -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"index_patterns": ["*"],"order": -1,"settings": {"number_of_shards": "1","number_of_replicas": "0"}}' Namestitev kot zamenjava za Logstash na strežniku 2
yum install -y https://packages.timber.io/vector/0.9.X/vector-x86_64.rpm mc httpd-tools screenNastavimo Vector kot zamenjavo za Logstash. Urejanje datoteke /etc/vector/vector.toml
# /etc/vector/vector.toml
data_dir = "/var/lib/vector"
[sources.nginx_input_vector]
# General
type = "vector"
address = "0.0.0.0:9876"
shutdown_timeout_secs = 30
[transforms.nginx_parse_json]
inputs = [ "nginx_input_vector" ]
type = "json_parser"
[transforms.nginx_parse_add_defaults]
inputs = [ "nginx_parse_json" ]
type = "lua"
version = "2"
hooks.process = """
function (event, emit)
function split_first(s, delimiter)
result = {};
for match in (s..delimiter):gmatch("(.-)"..delimiter) do
table.insert(result, match);
end
return result[1];
end
function split_last(s, delimiter)
result = {};
for match in (s..delimiter):gmatch("(.-)"..delimiter) do
table.insert(result, match);
end
return result[#result];
end
event.log.upstream_addr = split_first(split_last(event.log.upstream_addr, ', '), ':')
event.log.upstream_bytes_received = split_last(event.log.upstream_bytes_received, ', ')
event.log.upstream_bytes_sent = split_last(event.log.upstream_bytes_sent, ', ')
event.log.upstream_connect_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_connect_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_header_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_header_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_response_length = split_last(event.log.upstream_response_length, ', ')
event.log.upstream_response_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_response_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_status = split_last(event.log.upstream_status, ', ')
if event.log.upstream_addr == "" then
event.log.upstream_addr = "127.0.0.1"
end
if (event.log.upstream_bytes_received == "-" or event.log.upstream_bytes_received == "") then
event.log.upstream_bytes_received = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_bytes_sent == "-" or event.log.upstream_bytes_sent == "") then
event.log.upstream_bytes_sent = "0"
end
if event.log.upstream_cache_status == "" then
event.log.upstream_cache_status = "DISABLED"
end
if (event.log.upstream_connect_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_connect_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_connect_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_header_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_header_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_header_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_response_length == "-" or event.log.upstream_response_length == "") then
event.log.upstream_response_length = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_response_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_response_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_response_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_status == "-" or event.log.upstream_status == "") then
event.log.upstream_status = "0"
end
emit(event)
end
"""
[transforms.nginx_parse_remove_fields]
inputs = [ "nginx_parse_add_defaults" ]
type = "remove_fields"
fields = ["data", "file", "host", "source_type"]
[transforms.nginx_parse_coercer]
type = "coercer"
inputs = ["nginx_parse_remove_fields"]
types.request_length = "int"
types.request_time = "float"
types.response_status = "int"
types.response_body_bytes_sent = "int"
types.remote_port = "int"
types.upstream_bytes_received = "int"
types.upstream_bytes_send = "int"
types.upstream_connect_time = "float"
types.upstream_header_time = "float"
types.upstream_response_length = "int"
types.upstream_response_time = "float"
types.upstream_status = "int"
types.timestamp = "timestamp"
[sinks.nginx_output_clickhouse]
inputs = ["nginx_parse_coercer"]
type = "clickhouse"
database = "vector"
healthcheck = true
host = "http://172.26.10.109:8123" # Адрес Clickhouse
table = "logs"
encoding.timestamp_format = "unix"
buffer.type = "disk"
buffer.max_size = 104900000
buffer.when_full = "block"
request.in_flight_limit = 20
[sinks.elasticsearch]
type = "elasticsearch"
inputs = ["nginx_parse_coercer"]
compression = "none"
healthcheck = true
# 172.26.10.116 - сервер где установен elasticsearch
host = "http://172.26.10.116:9200"
index = "vector-%Y-%m-%d"Prilagodite lahko razdelek transforms.nginx_parse_add_defaults.
Kot uporablja te konfiguracije za majhen CDN in v upstream_* je lahko več vrednosti
Na primer:
"upstream_addr": "128.66.0.10:443, 128.66.0.11:443, 128.66.0.12:443"
"upstream_bytes_received": "-, -, 123"
"upstream_status": "502, 502, 200"Če to ni vaša situacija, lahko ta razdelek poenostavite
Ustvarimo storitvene nastavitve za systemd /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
# /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
[Unit]
Description=Vector
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target
[Service]
User=vector
Group=vector
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vector
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=no
StandardOutput=syslog
StandardError=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=vector
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetKo ustvarite tabele, lahko zaženete Vector
systemctl enable vector
systemctl start vectorVektorske dnevnike si lahko ogledate takole:
journalctl -f -u vectorV dnevnikih bi morali biti takšni vnosi
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.Na odjemalcu (spletnem strežniku) - 1. strežnik
Na strežniku z nginxom morate onemogočiti ipv6, saj tabela dnevnikov v clickhouse uporablja polje upstream_addr IPv4, ker ipv6 ne uporabljam znotraj omrežja. Če ipv6 ni izklopljen, bodo napake:
DB::Exception: Invalid IPv4 value.: (while read the value of key upstream_addr)Morda bralci, dodajte podporo za ipv6.
Ustvarite datoteko /etc/sysctl.d/98-disable-ipv6.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1Uporaba nastavitev
sysctl --systemNamestimo nginx.
Dodana datoteka skladišča nginx /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=trueNamestite paket nginx
yum install -y nginxNajprej moramo konfigurirati obliko dnevnika v Nginxu v datoteki /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
# you must set worker processes based on your CPU cores, nginx does not benefit from setting more than that
worker_processes auto; #some last versions calculate it automatically
# number of file descriptors used for nginx
# the limit for the maximum FDs on the server is usually set by the OS.
# if you don't set FD's then OS settings will be used which is by default 2000
worker_rlimit_nofile 100000;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# provides the configuration file context in which the directives that affect connection processing are specified.
events {
# determines how much clients will be served per worker
# max clients = worker_connections * worker_processes
# max clients is also limited by the number of socket connections available on the system (~64k)
worker_connections 4000;
# optimized to serve many clients with each thread, essential for linux -- for testing environment
use epoll;
# accept as many connections as possible, may flood worker connections if set too low -- for testing environment
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format vector escape=json
'{'
'"node_name":"nginx-vector",'
'"timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"server_name":"$server_name",'
'"request_full": "$request",'
'"request_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"request_http_host":"$http_host",'
'"request_uri":"$request_uri",'
'"request_scheme": "$scheme",'
'"request_method":"$request_method",'
'"request_length":"$request_length",'
'"request_time": "$request_time",'
'"request_referrer":"$http_referer",'
'"response_status": "$status",'
'"response_body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent",'
'"response_content_type":"$sent_http_content_type",'
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr",'
'"remote_port": "$remote_port",'
'"remote_user": "$remote_user",'
'"upstream_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
'"upstream_bytes_received": "$upstream_bytes_received",'
'"upstream_bytes_sent": "$upstream_bytes_sent",'
'"upstream_cache_status":"$upstream_cache_status",'
'"upstream_connect_time":"$upstream_connect_time",'
'"upstream_header_time":"$upstream_header_time",'
'"upstream_response_length":"$upstream_response_length",'
'"upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstream_status": "$upstream_status",'
'"upstream_content_type":"$upstream_http_content_type"'
'}';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.json.log vector; # Новый лог в формате json
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}Da ne bi pokvaril vaše trenutne konfiguracije, vam Nginx omogoča več direktiv access_log
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; # Стандартный лог
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.json.log vector; # Новый лог в формате jsonNe pozabite dodati pravila za logrotate za nove dnevnike (če se datoteka dnevnika ne konča z .log)
Odstranite default.conf iz /etc/nginx/conf.d/
rm -f /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.confDodajte navideznega gostitelja /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost1;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.106:8080;
}
}Dodajte navideznega gostitelja /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost2.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost2;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.108:8080;
}
}Dodajte navideznega gostitelja /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost3.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost3;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.109:8080;
}
}Dodajte navideznega gostitelja /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost4.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost4;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.116:8080;
}
}Dodajte navidezne gostitelje (172.26.10.106 ip strežnika, kjer je nameščen nginx) vsem strežnikom v datoteko /etc/hosts:
172.26.10.106 vhost1
172.26.10.106 vhost2
172.26.10.106 vhost3
172.26.10.106 vhost4In če je potem vse pripravljeno
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginxZdaj pa ga namestimo sami
yum install -y https://packages.timber.io/vector/0.9.X/vector-x86_64.rpmUstvarimo datoteko z nastavitvami za systemd /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
[Unit]
Description=Vector
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target
[Service]
User=vector
Group=vector
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vector
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=no
StandardOutput=syslog
StandardError=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=vector
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetIn konfigurirajte zamenjavo Filebeat v konfiguraciji /etc/vector/vector.toml. Naslov IP 172.26.10.108 je naslov IP strežnika dnevnika (vektorski strežnik)
data_dir = "/var/lib/vector"
[sources.nginx_file]
type = "file"
include = [ "/var/log/nginx/access.json.log" ]
start_at_beginning = false
fingerprinting.strategy = "device_and_inode"
[sinks.nginx_output_vector]
type = "vector"
inputs = [ "nginx_file" ]
address = "172.26.10.108:9876"Не забудте добавить юзера vector в нужную группу что бы он мог читать log файлы. Например, nginx в centos создает логи с правами группы adm.
usermod -a -G adm vectorZaženimo vektorsko storitev
systemctl enable vector
systemctl start vectorVektorske dnevnike si lahko ogledate takole:
journalctl -f -u vectorV dnevnikih bi moral biti podoben vnos
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.Stresno testiranje
Testiranje izvajamo z uporabo Apache benchmarka.
Paket httpd-tools je bil nameščen na vseh strežnikih
Testiranje začnemo z uporabo primerjalnega testa Apache iz 4 različnih strežnikov na zaslonu. Najprej zaženemo multiplekser zaslonskega terminala, nato pa začnemo s testiranjem z uporabo merila uspešnosti Apache. Kako delati z zaslonom najdete v .
Od 1. strežnika
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 1server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost1/; sleep 1; doneOd 2. strežnika
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 2server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost2/; sleep 1; doneOd 3. strežnika
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 3server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost3/; sleep 1; doneOd 4. strežnika
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 4server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost4/; sleep 1; donePreverimo podatke v Clickhouseu
Pojdite v Clickhouse
clickhouse-client -h 172.26.10.109 -mIzdelava SQL poizvedbe
SELECT * FROM vector.logs;
┌─node_name────┬───────────timestamp─┬─server_name─┬─user_id─┬─request_full───┬─request_user_agent─┬─request_http_host─┬─request_uri─┬─request_scheme─┬─request_method─┬─request_length─┬─request_time─┬─request_referrer─┬─response_status─┬─response_body_bytes_sent─┬─response_content_type─┬───remote_addr─┬─remote_port─┬─remote_user─┬─upstream_addr─┬─upstream_port─┬─upstream_bytes_received─┬─upstream_bytes_sent─┬─upstream_cache_status─┬─upstream_connect_time─┬─upstream_header_time─┬─upstream_response_length─┬─upstream_response_time─┬─upstream_status─┬─upstream_content_type─┐
│ nginx-vector │ 2020-08-07 04:32:42 │ vhost1 │ │ GET / HTTP/1.0 │ 1server │ vhost1 │ / │ http │ GET │ 66 │ 0.028 │ │ 404 │ 27 │ │ 172.26.10.106 │ 45886 │ │ 172.26.10.106 │ 0 │ 109 │ 97 │ DISABLED │ 0 │ 0.025 │ 27 │ 0.029 │ 404 │ │
└──────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴────────────────┴────────────────────┴───────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────┴────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴────────────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────────────Ugotovite velikost miz v Clickhouseu
select concat(database, '.', table) as table,
formatReadableSize(sum(bytes)) as size,
sum(rows) as rows,
max(modification_time) as latest_modification,
sum(bytes) as bytes_size,
any(engine) as engine,
formatReadableSize(sum(primary_key_bytes_in_memory)) as primary_keys_size
from system.parts
where active
group by database, table
order by bytes_size desc;Ugotovimo, koliko polen je zavzelo Clickhouse.

Velikost tabele dnevnikov je 857.19 MB.

Velikost istih podatkov v indeksu v Elasticsearch je 4,5 GB.
Če v parametrih ne podate podatkov v vektorju, Clickhouse vzame 4500/857.19 = 5.24-krat manj kot v Elasticsearch.
V vektorju je polje za stiskanje privzeto uporabljeno.
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