{"id":101213,"date":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14"},"modified":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","slug":"yadro-linux-5-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14","title":{"rendered":"Jedro Linux 5.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/images\/19872\/original.png\" itemprop=\"contentURL\">       <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jedro Linux 5.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6c08ca34b060a8523af78f555746ff24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>            <\/a>                    <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2021\/8\/29\/382\">\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b<\/a> izdavanje jezgra <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.14<\/a>. Me\u0111u najo\u010diglednijim promenama su: nove sistemske pozive quotactl_fd() i memfd_secret(), uklanjanje drajvera ide i raw, novi kontroler prioriteta unosa\/izlaza za cgroup, softverski raspored zadataka SCHED_CORE, infrastruktura za kreiranje pokreta\u010da verifikovanih BPF programa.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u2014 69 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 12580 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 861501 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 321654 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 47% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.14 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 14% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% \u2014 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861695\/\">Glavne<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.14\">novosti<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>diskovni podsistem, unos\/izlaz i datote\u010dni sistemi:\n<ul>\n<li>za cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/556910e39249\">je realiziran<\/a> \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 rq-qos, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 cgroup. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 mq-deadline;<\/li>\n<li>u datote\u010dnom sistemu ext4 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fd7b23be9205\">je bila uvedena<\/a> nova ioctl komanda EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, koja prisiljava da se na disk upi\u0161u svi \u010dekaju\u0107i transakcije iz dnevnika i povezane sa njima baferi, kao i da se ponovo upisuje oblast koja se koristi u dnevniku u skladi\u0161te. Ova promena je pripremljena kao deo inicijative za spre\u010davanje curenja informacija iz datote\u010dnih sistema;<\/li>\n<li>u Btrfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/cover.1624891843.git.dsterba@suse.com\/\">\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/a> optimizacija performansi: zbog isklju\u010denja suvi\u0161nog dnevni\u010dkog bele\u017eenja pro\u0161irenih atributa tokom izvr\u0161enja fsync, performanse intenzivnih operacija s pro\u0161irenim atributima pove\u0107ane su za do 17%. Pored toga, tokom izvo\u0111enja operacija skra\u0107ivanja koje ne uti\u010du na ekstenzije, isklju\u010deno je izvr\u0161avanje pune sinhronizacije, \u0161to je smanjilo vreme izvr\u0161avanja operacije za 12%. U sysfs je dodata opcija za ograni\u010davanje propusnosti unosa\/izlaza prilikom provere FS. Dodati su ioctl pozivi za otkazivanje operacija promene veli\u010dine i uklanjanje ure\u0111aja;<\/li>\n<li>u XFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20210702201643.GA13765@locust\/\">preure\u0111ena<\/a> implementacija bafernog ke\u0161a, koja je preba\u010dena na alokaciju stranica memorije u paketu. Pove\u0107ana efikasnost rada ke\u0161a;<\/li>\n<li>V F2FS je dodana mo\u017enost za rad u re\u017eimu samo za \u010ditanje, a implementiran je i re\u017eim ke\u0161iranja komprimovanih blokova (compress_cache) radi pobolj\u0161anja performansi nasumi\u010dnog \u010ditanja. Implementirana je podr\u0161ka za kompresiju datoteka koje se reflektiraju u memoriju pomo\u0107u operacije mmap(). Za selektivno isklju\u010divanje kompresije datoteka po maski, predlo\u017eena je nova opcija montiranja nocompress;<\/li>\n<li>U exFAT drajveru su napravljene nadogradnje radi pobolj\u0161anja kompatibilnosti sa skladi\u0161tima nekih digitalnih kamera;<\/li>\n<li>Dodana je sistemska funkcija <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/859679\/\">quotactl_fd()<\/a>, koja omogu\u0107ava upravljanje kvotama ne putem datoteke posebnog ure\u0111aja, ve\u0107 putem navo\u0111enja deskriptora datoteke povezanog s datote\u010dnim sistemom na koji se kvota primenjuje;<\/li>\n<li>Iz jezgra su uklonjeni stari drajveri za blok ure\u0111aje sa IDE interfejsom, koje je davno zamenila podlista libata. Podr\u0161ka za stare ure\u0111aje je potpuno o\u010duvana, izmene se odnose samo na mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161\u0107enja starih drajvera, pri \u010demu su ure\u0111aji imenovani \\\/dev\\\/hd*, a ne \\\/dev\\\/sd*;<\/li>\n<li>\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u00abraw\u00bb, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \/dev\/raw. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 O_DIRECT;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Memorija i sistemske usluge:\n<ul>\n<li>U planeru zadataka implementiran je novi re\u017eim planiranja <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861251\/\">SCHED_CORE<\/a>, koji omogu\u0107ava upravljanje tim koje procese mogu zajedni\u010dki raditi na jednoj CPU jezgri. Svakom procesu mo\u017ee biti dodeljen cookie identifikator koji odre\u0111uje podru\u010dje poverenja izme\u0111u procesa (na primer, pripadnost jednom korisniku ili kontejneru). Prilikom organizacije izvr\u0161enja koda, planer mo\u017ee osigurati zajedni\u010dko kori\u0161\u0107enje jedne CPU jezgre samo za procese povezane s jednim vlasnikom, \u0161to se mo\u017ee koristiti za blokiranje nekih napada klase Spectre spre\u010davanjem izvr\u0161avanja u jednom SMT (Hyper Threading) toku poverljivih i nepoverenih zadataka;<\/li>\n<li>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 cgroup \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 kill, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c SIGKILL), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u00ab1\u00bb \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b cgroup.kill;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a (\u00absplit lock\u00bb), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 CPU. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u00absplit_lock_detect=ratelimit:N\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 20 \u043c\u0441;<\/li>\n<li>v nadzoru pasovne \u0161irine CFS (CFS bandwidth controller), ki dolo\u010da, koliko procesorskega \u010dasa je mogo\u010de dodeliti vsakemu cgroupu, je bila\u5b9e\u73b0ovana mo\u017enost dolo\u010danja omejitev, omejenih z dolo\u010denim \u010dasom trajanja, kar omogo\u010da bolj\u0161e uravnavanje obremenitev, ob\u010dutljivih na zakasnitve. Na primer, nastavitev vrednosti cpu.cfs_quota_us na 50000 in cpu.cfs_period_us na 100000 bo omogo\u010dila skupini procesov, da vsakih 100 ms porabi 50 ms procesorskega \u010dasa;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853489\">je dodana<\/a> za\u010detna infrastruktura za ustvarjanje nalagalnikov BPF-programov, ki bo v nadaljevanju omogo\u010dila nalaganje samo BPF-programov, podpisanih s priznanjem vrednim digitalnim klju\u010dem;<\/li>\n<li>dodana je nova futex-operacija FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, ki uporablja monotonski \u010dasomer za izra\u010dun \u010dasovne omejitve, ki upo\u0161teva \u010das, pre\u017eivet v mirovanju;<\/li>\n<li>za arhitekturo RISC-V je bila\u5b9e\u73b0ovana podpora za velike strani pomnilnika (Transparent Huge-Pages) in mo\u017enost uporabe mehanizma <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54671\">KFENCE<\/a> za odkrivanje napak pri delu s pomnilnikom;<\/li>\n<li>v sistemski klic madvise(), ki nudi sredstva za optimizacijo upravljanja pomnilnika procesa, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-api\/6c7543e4-23c8-8f2d-dc89-480be13738b3@redhat.com\/T\/\">dodano<\/a> flagi MADV_POPULATE_READ i MADV_POPULATE_WRITE za generiranje \u00abpage fault\u00bb na svim stranicama memorije, reflektiranih za operacije \u010ditanja ili pisanja, bez izvr\u0161avanja stvarnog \u010ditanja ili pisanja (prefault). Primjena flagova mo\u017ee biti korisna za smanjenje ka\u0161njenja u radu programa, zahvaljuju\u0107i proaktivnom izvr\u0161avanju obrtnika \u00abpage fault\u00bb odjednom za sve nealokirane stranice, ne \u010dekaju\u0107i stvarni pristup njima;<\/li>\n<li>v sistemu unit-testiranja <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kunit\/index.html\">kunit<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12ca7a893d54\">je dodana<\/a> podpora za zagon testov v okolju QEMU;<\/li>\n<li>dodani novi tracers: \u00ab<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bce29ac9ce0b\">osnoise<\/a>\u00bb za pra\u0107enje ka\u0161njenja u aplikacijama uzrokovanih obradom prekida, i \u00abtimerlat\u00bb za isplatu detaljnih informacija o ka\u0161njenjima tijekom bu\u0111enja putem signalnog timera;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>virtualizacija in varnost:\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1507f51255c9\">dodano<\/a> sistemski klic <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/835342\/\">memfd_secret()<\/a>, ki omogo\u010da ustvarjanje zasebnega obmo\u010dja pomnilnika v izoliranem naslovnem prostoru, vidnem le procesu lastnika, ki ni prikazano v drugih procesih in ni neposredno dostopno jedru;<\/li>\n<li>v sistemu filtriranja sistemskih klicev seccomp pri izvajanju obdelovalcev zaklepanja v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru je dana mo\u017enost uporabe ene atomske operacije za ustvarjanje datote\u010dnega descriptorja za izolirano nalogo in njegovo vra\u010danje pri obdelavi sistemskega klica. Predlagana operacija re\u0161uje <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/851813\/\">te\u017eavo<\/a> s prekinitvijo obdelovalca v uporabni\u0161kem prostoru ob prejemu signala;<\/li>\n<li>dodano <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/kernel-hardening\/cover\/cover.1616533074.git.gladkov.alexey@gmail.com\/\">nov mehanizem<\/a> za upravljanje ograni\u010denjem resursa u prostoru imena identifikatora korisnika, koji povezuje posebne broja\u010de rlimit s korisnikom u \u00abuser namespace\u00bb. Promjena rje\u0161ava problem s primjenom zajedni\u010dkih broja\u010da resursa prilikom pokretanja od strane jednog korisnika procesa u razli\u010ditim kontejnerima;<\/li>\n<li>v hipervizorju KVM za sisteme ARM64 je dodana mo\u017enost uporabe raz\u0161iritve MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension) v gostujo\u010dih sistemih, ki omogo\u010da povezavo oznak z vsakim delovanjem dodeljevanja pomnilnika in organizira preverjanje pravilne uporabe kazalcev za prepre\u010devanje izkori\u0161\u010danja ranljivosti, ki jih povzro\u010da dostop do \u017ee osvobojenih pomnilni\u0161kih blokov, prelivanja pomnilnika, dostopanja pred inicializacijo in uporabe zunaj trenutnega konteksta;<\/li>\n<li>ponujena sredstva platforme ARM64 za overjanje kazalcev (Pointer Authentication) zdaj lahko posebej nastavimo za jedro in uporabni\u0161ki prostor. Tehnologija omogo\u010da uporabo specializiranih ukazov ARM64 za preverjanje naslovov vrnitve s pomo\u010djo digitalnih podpisov, ki se shranijo v neizkori\u0161\u010denih zgornjih bitih samega kazalca;<\/li>\n<li>v User-mode Linux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.ozlabs.org\/project\/linux-um\/patch\/20210305123552.a89b33363589.I21b27d26611ebecd8c918e20728e37b184d817bb@changeid\/\">je dodana<\/a> podpora za uporabo gonilnikov za PCI naprave z virtualno PCI napravo, ki jo implementira gonilnik PCI-over-virtio;<\/li>\n<li>Za x86 sisteme je dodana podr\u0161ka za para-virtualizovani ure\u0111aj virtio-iommu, koji omogu\u0107ava slanje IOMMU zahteva, kao \u0161to su ATTACH, DETACH, MAP i UNMAP, preko virtio transporta bez emulacije tabela stranica memorije;<\/li>\n<li>Za Intel CPU, po\u010dev\u0161i od Skylake serije do Coffee Lake, po defaultu je isklju\u010dena upotreba Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions) ekstenzija, koje obezbe\u0111uju sredstva za pobolj\u0161anje performansi vi\u0161edretvenih aplikacija kroz dinami\u010dko izbegavanje suvi\u0161nih operacija sinhronizacije. Ekstenzije su isklju\u010dene zbog potencijalne mogu\u0107nosti napada <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">Zombieload<\/a>, koji manipuli\u0161e curenjem informacija kroz sporedne kanale koje nastaju prilikom rada mehanizma asinhronog prekida operacija (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mre\u017ena podsistem:\n<ul>\n<li>Nastavljena je integracija u MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) jezgru, ekstenziji TCP protokola koja omogu\u0107ava rad TCP veze sa slanjem paketa istovremeno preko vi\u0161e puteva kroz razli\u010dite mre\u017ene interfejse, vezane za razli\u010dite IP adrese. U novom izdanju <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=22ba9d0d6c0d\">dodano<\/a> mehanizam za postavljanje vlastitih politika he\u0161iranja prometa za IPv4 i IPv6 (multipath hash policy), koji omogu\u0107ava korisnicima da defini\u0161u koja polja u paketima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i enkapsulirane, \u0107e biti kori\u0161\u0107ena prilikom izra\u010dunavanja he\u0161a koji odre\u0111uje izbor puta za paket;<\/li>\n<li>U virtio transport dodata je podr\u0161ka za sokete <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/socket.2.html\">SOCK_SEQPACKET<\/a> (ure\u0111eno i pouzdano slanje datagrame);<\/li>\n<li>Pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti mehanizma soketa SO_REUSEPORT, koji omogu\u0107ava vi\u0161e slu\u0161aju\u0107ih soketa da se pove\u017eu na jedan port za primanje veza, raspodelju\u0107i dolazne zahteve me\u0111u svim povezanim soketima kroz SO_REUSEPORT, \u0161to olak\u0161ava kreiranje vi\u0161edretvenih serverskih aplikacija. U novoj verziji <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853637\/\">dodano<\/a> obezbe\u0111ena su sredstva za prebacivanje kontrole na drugi soket u slu\u010daju gre\u0161ke prilikom obrade zahteva od strane izvorno odabranog soketa (re\u0161ava problem gubitka pojedina\u010dnih veza prilikom ponovnog pokretanja servisa);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Oprema:\n<ul>\n<li>u amdgpu drajveru <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e058a84bfddc42ba356a2316f2cf1141974625c9\">je bila uvedena<\/a> podr\u0161ka za nove serije GPU AMD Radeon RX 6000, razvijene pod kodnim imenima \u00abBeige Goby\u00bb (Navi 24) i \u00abYellow Carp\u00bb, kao i pobolj\u0161ana podr\u0161ka za GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a) i APU Van Gogh. Dodana je mogu\u0107nost simultanog rada s vi\u0161e panela eDP. Za APU Renoir implementirana je podr\u0161ka za rad s \u0161ifriranim baferima u videomemoriji (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone). Dodana podr\u0161ka za vru\u0107e uklanjanje grafi\u010dkih kartica (hot-unplug). Za GPU Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) i starije GPU AMD uklju\u010dena je po defaultu podr\u0161ka za mehanizam u\u0161tede energije ASPM (Active State Power Management), koji je ranije bio aktiviran samo za GPU Navi 1x, Vega i Polaris;<\/li>\n<li>za \u010dipe AMD je dodana podpora za deljeno virtualno pomnilnik (SVM, shared virtual memory) na osnovi podsystems HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), ki omogo\u010da uporabo naprav z lastnimi enotami za upravljanje pomnilnika (MMU, memory management unit), ki lahko dostopajo do glavnega pomnilnika. Med drugim je z HMM mogo\u010de organizirati skupen naslovni prostor med GPU in CPU, v katerem GPU lahko dostopa do glavnega pomnilnika procesa;<\/li>\n<li>dodana za\u010detna podpora za tehnologijo <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/smartshift\">AMD Smart Shift<\/a>, ki dinami\u010dno spreminja parametre porabe energije CPU in GPU na prenosnikih s \u010dipovjem in grafi\u010dno kartico AMD za dosego bolj\u0161e zmogljivosti pri igranju iger, urejanju videa in 3D-renderiranju;<\/li>\n<li>v gonilniku i915 za grafi\u010dne kartice Intel <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/intel-gfx\/2021-May\/266616.html\">je vklju\u010dena<\/a> podpora za \u010dipe Intel Alder Lake P;<\/li>\n<li>dodano je gonilo drm\/hyperv za virtualni grafi\u010dni adapter Hyper-V;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/dri-devel\/cover\/20210416090048.11492-1-tzimmermann@suse.de\/\">dodano<\/a> grafi\u010dni gonilnik simpledrm, ki uporablja za izhodni okvir EFI-GOP ali VESA, ki ga zagotavlja UEFI-ov firmware ali BIOS. Glavni namen gonila je omogo\u010diti grafi\u010dni izhod v zgodnjih fazah nalaganja, preden je mo\u017eno uporabiti polno DRM-gonilo. Gonilo se lahko uporablja tudi kot za\u010dasna re\u0161itev za strojno opremo, za katero trenutno ni na voljo izvornih DRM-gonil;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/soc\/soc.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=1c701accecf21932ebcbd8acacb4557af3797e77\">je dodana<\/a> podpora za ra\u010dunalnik all-in-one <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54015\">Raspberry Pi 400<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>dodano je gonilo dell-wmi-privacy za podporo strojnih stikalo kamer in mikrofonov, dostavljenih v prenosnikih Dell;<\/li>\n<li>za prenosnike Lenovo <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/pdx86\/platform-drivers-x86.git\/commit\/?h=review-hans&amp;id=a40cd7ef22fbb11229cf982920f4ec96c1f49282\">dodano<\/a> WMI vmesnik za spreminjanje nastavitev BIOS-a preko sysfs \/sys\/class\/firmware-attributes\/;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/YOM9yTZZsEicMW3f@kroah.com\/\">raz\u0161irjena<\/a> podpora za naprave z USB4 vmesnikom;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/s5hbl7li0fe.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">je dodana<\/a> podpora zvo\u010dnih kartic in kodekov AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 in Texas Instruments TAS2505. Izbolj\u0161ana podpora zvoka na prenosnih ra\u010dunalnikih HP in ASUS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=9ce650a75a3b262c90789b42aedee8fc2ee04d53\">Dodani<\/a> popravki za zmanj\u0161anje zakasnitve pred za\u010detkom predvajanja zvoka na napravah z USB vmesnikom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor \u2013 opennet.ru.<\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/16502291\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b quotactl_fd() \u0438 memfd_secret(), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 ide \u0438 raw, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 SCHED_CORE, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101214,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 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