{"id":102211,"date":"2021-11-04T15:37:01","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T13:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/otkryt-kod-luau-varianta-yazyka-lua-s-proverkoj-tipov"},"modified":"2021-11-04T15:37:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T13:37:01","slug":"otkryt-kod-luau-varianta-yazyka-lua-s-proverkoj-tipov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/otkryt-kod-luau-varianta-yazyka-lua-s-proverkoj-tipov","title":{"rendered":"Odprta je koda Luau, razli\u010dice jezika Lua s preverjanjem tipov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Najavljeno je otvaranje izvornih kodova i objava prvog posebnog izdanja programskog jezika Luau, koji nastavlja razvoj jezika Lua i unazad je kompatibilan sa Lua 5.1. Jezik Luau je prvenstveno namijenjen za ugra\u0111ivanje rukovalaca scenarija u aplikacije i fokusira se na postizanje visoke performanse i niske potro\u0161nje resursa. Kod projekta je napisan u C++ jeziku i otvoren je pod MIT licencom.    <\/p>\n<p>Luau pro\u0161iruje Lua mogu\u0107nostima za provjeru tipova i nekim novim sintakti\u010dkim konstrukcijama, poput string literala. Jezik je unazad kompatibilan sa Lua 5.1 i djelomi\u010dno sa novijim verzijama. Podr\u017eava Lua Runtime API, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava kori\u0161tenje Luau s ve\u0107 postoje\u0107im kodom i vezama (binding). Radno okru\u017eenje jezika temelji se na zna\u010dajno preradi koda Lua runtime 5.1, ali je interpreter potpuno prepisan. Tokom razvoja kori\u0161tene su nove tehnike optimizacije, koje su dovele do ve\u0107ih performansi u odnosu na Lua.      <\/p>\n<p>Projekt je razvila kompanija Roblox i koristi se u kodu igre platforme, igara i korisni\u010dkih aplikacija te kompanije, uklju\u010duju\u0107i editor Roblox Studio. Luau je prvobitno razvijan zatvorenim procesom, ali je na kraju odlu\u010deno da se prevede u otvoreni projekt za daljnji zajedni\u010dki razvoj uz sudjelovanje zajednice.    <\/p>\n<p>Klju\u010dne karakteristike:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Postopni tipni sistem (Gradual typing), ki zaseda vmesno mesto med dinami\u010dnim in stati\u010dnim tipiziranjem. Luau omogo\u010da uporabo stati\u010dnega tipiziranja po potrebi, z natan\u010dnim ozna\u010devanjem tipov preko posebnih anotacij. Na voljo so vgrajeni tipi \u00abany\u00bb, \u00abnil\u00bb, \u00abboolean\u00bb, \u00abnumber\u00bb, \u00abstring\u00bb in \u00abthread\u00bb. Hkrati pa ostaja mo\u017enost uporabe dinami\u010dnega tipiziranja brez eksplicitnega definiranja tipov spremenljivk in funkcij. function foo(x: number, y: string): boolean local k: string = y:rep(x) return k == \u00aba\u00bb end\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora nizov literala (kot v Lua 5.3), kot so \u00ab\n0x**\u00bb (\u0161estnajsti\u0161ka \u0161tevilka), \u00ab\nu{**}\u00bb (Unicode simbol) in \u00ab\n\u00bb (konec niza), pa tudi mo\u017enost preglednega oblikovanja \u0161tevil (lahko se pi\u0161e 1_000_000 namesto 1000000), literali za \u0161estnajsti\u0161ke (0x\u2026) in binarne \u0161tevilke (0b\u2026).\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora izrazu \u00abcontinue\u00bb, ki dopolnjuje obstoje\u010de klju\u010dno besedo \u00abbreak\u00bb, za prehod na novo iteracijo zanke.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora sestavljenih operatorjev dodeljevanja (+=, -=, *=, \/=, %=, ^=, ..=).\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora uporabi pogojnih blokov \u00abif-then-else\u00bb v obliki izrazov, ki vrnejo vrednost, izra\u010dunano med izvajanjem bloka. Dovoljen je pojem poljubnega \u0161tevila izrazov elseif v bloku. local maxValue = if a &gt; b then a else b local sign = if x < 0 then -1 elseif x > 0 then 1 else 0\n<li class=\"l\"> Obstoja na\u010din izolacije (sandbox), ki omogo\u010da izvajanje nezanesljive kode. To funkcionalnost je mogo\u010de uporabiti za organizacijo so\u010dasnega izvajanja lastne kode in kode, napisane s strani drugega razvijalca, na primer, zunanjih knji\u017enic, za katerih varnost ne moremo jam\u010diti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omejitev standardne knji\u017enice, iz katere so odstranjene funkcije, ki bi potencialno lahko povzro\u010dile te\u017eave z varnostjo. Na primer, iz standardnega nabora so izklju\u010dene knji\u017enice \u00abio\u00bb (dostop do datotek in zagon procesov), \u00abpackage\u00bb (dostop do datotek in nalaganje modulov), \u00abos\u00bb (odstranjene funkcije dostopa do datotek in spreminjanja spremenljivk okolja), \u00abdebug\u00bb (nevarno delo s pomnilnikom), \u00abdofile\u00bb in \u00abloadfile\u00bb (dostop do F\u0160).\n<li class=\"l\"> Zagotavljanje orodij za stati\u010dno analizo kode, odkrivanje napak (linter) in preverjanje pravilne uporabe tipov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lastni visoko zmogljivi parser, interpretor bajtkod in kompilator. Luau trenutno ne podpira JIT-kompilacije, vendar se trdi, da je interpretor Luau v nekaterih situacijah povsem primerljiv po zmogljivosti z LuaJIT.            <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56098\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Luau, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Lua \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 Lua 5.1. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a Luau \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 C++ \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 MIT. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 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