{"id":102963,"date":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/%d1%8d%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%82-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%8f%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b5"},"modified":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","slug":"eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","title":{"rendered":"Poskus simulacije omre\u017eja Tor polne velikosti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Raziskovalci z Univerze Waterloo in raziskovalne laboratorije ameri\u0161ke mornarice so predstavili rezultate razvoja simulatorja omre\u017eja Tor, ki je primerljiv po \u0161tevilu vozli\u0161\u010d in uporabnikov z glavno omre\u017ejem Tor ter omogo\u010da izvedbo eksperimentov, ki so blizu resni\u010dnim razmeram. Orodja in metodologija modeliranja omre\u017eja, pripravljena med eksperimentom, so omogo\u010dila simulacijo delovanja omre\u017eja iz 6489 vozli\u0161\u010d Tor na ra\u010dunalniku s 4 TB RAM, h kateremu je hkrati priklju\u010denih 792 tiso\u010d virtualnih uporabnikov.     <\/p>\n<p>Opa\u017eeno je, da je to prva celovita simulacija omre\u017eja Tor, katere \u0161tevilo vozli\u0161\u010d ustreza resni\u010dnemu omre\u017eju (delujo\u010de omre\u017eje Tor ima okoli 6 tiso\u010d vozli\u0161\u010d in 2 milijona povezanih uporabnikov). Celovita simulacija omre\u017eja Tor je zanimiva z vidika odkrivanja ozkih grl, modeliranja obna\u0161anja kot posledice napadov, preizku\u0161anja novih metod optimizacije v resni\u010dnih pogojih in preverjanja konceptov, povezanih z zagotavljanjem varnosti.     <\/p>\n<p>Ob prisotnosti popolnega simulatorja bodo razvijalci Tor lahko opustili prakso izvajanja eksperimentov v glavnem omre\u017eju ali na posameznih delovnih vozli\u0161\u010dih, ki prina\u0161ajo dodatna tveganja za kr\u0161enje zasebnosti uporabnikov in ne izklju\u010dujejo mo\u017enosti okvar. Na primer, v prihodnjih mesecih pri\u010dakujemo uvedbo novega protokola za upravljanje s prenogami v Toru, in simulacija bo omogo\u010dila temeljito preu\u010ditev njegovega delovanja pred uvajanjem v resni\u010dno omre\u017eje.    <\/p>\n<p>Poleg izklju\u010ditve vpliva eksperimentov na zasebnost in zanesljivost delovanja glavnega omre\u017eja Tor bo obstoj lo\u010denih testnih omre\u017eij omogo\u010dil hitro testiranje in odpravljanje napak novega kode med razvojem, takoj\u0161nje uvajanje sprememb za vsa vozli\u0161\u010da in uporabnike brez \u010dakanja na zaklju\u010dek dolgih vmesnih uvajanj, ter u\u010dinkovitej\u0161e ustvarjanje in preizku\u0161anje prototipov z uresni\u010devanjem novih idej.      <\/p>\n<p>Trenutno se radi na unapre\u0111enju alata koji, kako su izjavili programeri, smanjuje potro\u0161nju resursa za 10 puta i omogu\u0107uje simulaciju rada mre\u017ea koje nadma\u0161uju stvarnu mre\u017eu na istom hardveru, \u0161to mo\u017ee biti potrebno za identifikaciju mogu\u0107ih problema s skaliranjem Tora. Tokom rada tako\u0111e su stvorene nove metode modelovanja mre\u017ee koje omogu\u0107avaju predvi\u0111anje promena stanja mre\u017ee tokom vremena i kori\u0161\u0107enje pozadinskih generatore saobra\u0107aja za simulaciju aktivnosti korisnika.        <\/p>\n<p>Istra\u017eiva\u010di su tako\u0111e prou\u010davali zakonitost izme\u0111u veli\u010dine simulirane mre\u017ee i ta\u010dnosti projektovanja rezultata eksperimenata na stvarnu mre\u017eu. Tokom razvoja Tora, preliminarna provera izmena i optimizacija se vr\u0161i u malim test mre\u017eama koje sadr\u017ee zna\u010dajno manje \u010dvorova i korisnika od stvarne mre\u017ee. Utvr\u0111eno je da se statisti\u010dke gre\u0161ke predikcija dobijenih tokom malih simulacija mogu kompenzovati ponovnim izvo\u0111enjem nezavisnih eksperimenata sa razli\u010ditim skupovima ulaznih podataka, pri \u010demu \u0161to je ve\u0107a simulirana mre\u017ea, to je manje ponovljenih ispitivanja potrebno za dobijanje statisti\u010dki zna\u010dajnih zaklju\u010daka.    <\/p>\n<p>Za modelovanje i simulaciju mre\u017ee Tor istra\u017eiva\u010di razvijaju nekoliko otvorenih projekata koji se distribuiraju pod BSD licencom:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shadow \u2014 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd simul\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spou\u0161t\u011bt k\u00f3d skute\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed pro reprodukci pr\u00e1ce distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f s tis\u00edci s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch proces\u016f. Pro simulaci syst\u00e9m\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00fdch nemodifikovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed se v Shadow pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technika emulace syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed. S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 interakce aplikac\u00ed v simulovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nasazen\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"196\">VPN<\/a> i kori\u0161\u0107enje simulatora tipi\u010dnih mre\u017enih protokola (TCP, UDP). Podr\u017eava se prilago\u0111eno modelovanje karakteristika virtuelne mre\u017ee, kao \u0161to su gubitak paketa i ka\u0161njenja u isporuci. Osim eksperimenata sa Tor-om, poku\u0161an je razvoj plugina za Shadow za simulaciju mre\u017ee Bitcoin, ali ovaj projekat nije napredovao.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tornettools \u2014 n\u00e1stroj pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed realistick\u00fdch model\u016f s\u00edt\u011b Tor, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt spu\u0161t\u011bny v prost\u0159ed\u00ed Shadow, stejn\u011b jako pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a nastaven\u00ed procesu simulace, shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a vizualizaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Jako \u0161ablony pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity metriky, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci skute\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b Tor.\n<li class=\"l\"> TGen \u2014 gener\u00e1tor tok\u016f provozu na z\u00e1klad\u011b parametr\u016f zadan\u00fdch u\u017eivateli (velikost, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, po\u010det tok\u016f atd.). Sch\u00e9mata formov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu mohou b\u00fdt ur\u010dov\u00e1na jak na z\u00e1klad\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f ve form\u00e1tu GraphML, tak pomoc\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnostn\u00edch Markovsk\u00fdch model\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00ed TCP tok\u016f a paket\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> OnionTrace \u2014 n\u00e1stroj pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v simulovan\u00e9 s\u00edti Tor, stejn\u011b jako pro z\u00e1znam a reprodukci informac\u00ed o vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f uzl\u016f Tor a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k nim tok\u016f provozu.              <\/ul>\n<p>              <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"CyCXtOmT9Cw\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/CyCXtOmT9Cw\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Predvajaj video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56507\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Tor, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e Tor \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441 4 \u0422\u0411 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 6489 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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