{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Izid paketnega filtera nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Objavljen je izdanak paketskog filtarskog sistema nftables 1.0.2, koji standardizuje interfejse filtracije paketa za IPv4, IPv6, ARP i mre\u017ene mostove (cilj je zameniti iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables). Neophodne izmene za rad izdanja nftables 1.0.2 uklju\u010dene su u sastav jezgra Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>U paket nftables uklju\u010dene su komponente paketnog filtriranja koje rade u prostoru korisnika, dok na nivou kernela rad obezbe\u0111uje podsystem nf_tables, koji je deo kernela Linux od izdanja 3.13. Na nivou kernela pru\u017ea se samo op\u0161ti interfejs, nezavistan od konkretnih protokola i obezbe\u0111uje osnovne funkcije za ekstrakciju podataka iz paketa, izvr\u0161avanje operacija sa podacima i upravljanje protokom.    <\/p>\n<p>Pravila filtriranja i specifi\u010dni obrtnici za protokole se direktno kompajluju u bajt kod u prostoru korisnika, nakon \u010dega se ovaj bajt kod u\u010ditava u kernel preko Netlink interfejsa i izvr\u0161ava u kernelu u specijalnoj <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sl\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtualni napravi\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">virtualni napravi<\/a>, podse\u0107aju\u0107i na BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Ovakav pristup omogu\u0107ava zna\u010dajno smanjenje veli\u010dine koda filtracije koji radi na nivou kernela i iznosi sve funkcije parsiranja pravila i logike rada sa protokolima u prostor korisnika.    <\/p>\n<p>Glavne novosti:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je funkcija optimizacije pravila, koja se aktivira pomo\u0107u nove opcije &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), koju je mogu\u0107e kombinovati sa opcijom &#171;&#8212;check&#187; za proveru i optimizaciju izmena u datoteci sa skupom pravila bez njene stvarne u\u010ditavanja. Optimizacija omogu\u0107ava spajanje sli\u010dnih pravila, na primer, pravila:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>bi\u0107e spojena u meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 . 1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3 : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>Primer kori\u0161\u0107enja: # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test Merging: ruleset.nft:16:3-37: ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept ruleset.nft:17:3-37: ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept ruleset.nft:18:3-37: ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept u: ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter packets 0 bytes 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> U set-listama je implementirana mogu\u0107nost navo\u0111enja ip- i tcp-opcija, kao i chunk-ova sctp: set s5 { typeof ip option ra value elements = { 1, 1024 } } set s7 { typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams elements = { 1, 4 } } chain c5 { ip option ra value @s5 accept } chain c7 { sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept }\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je podr\u0161ka za TCP opcije fastopen, md5sig i mptcp.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je podr\u0161ka za kori\u0161\u0107enje u uslovima podtipa mp-tcp: tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Pobolj\u0161an je kod filtracije koji radi na strani jezgra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za flowtable je implementirana potpuna podr\u0161ka za JSON format.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogu\u0107ena je upotreba akcije &#171;reject&#187; u operacijama uskla\u0111ivanja Ethernet okvira.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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